中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级下 Unit4.docx
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中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级下 Unit4.docx
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中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级下Unit4
2010年中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级下
Unit4 HesaidIwashard-working
【知识梳理】
I.重点短语
firstofall 首先
passon 传递
besupposedto 被期望或被要求......
dobetterin 在......方面做得更好
beingoodhealth 身体健康
reportcard 成绩单
getover 克服;恢复;原谅
openup 打开
carefor 照料;照顾
haveapartyforsb. 为某人举行一次聚会
bemadatsb使发疯
II.重要句型
1.HesaidIwashard-working.
2.---Whatdidyourteachersay?
---He/Shesaid…
III.交际用语
学习如何转述别人所叙述的内容。
IV.重要语法
1.重点词及短语。
1.直接引语和间接引语。
•我认为给你父亲说这件事的时机还不成熟。
•Idon’tthinkitistherighttimeforyoutotellyourfatheraboutthat.
•我认为他不是一个好演员。
Idon’tthinkheisagoodactor.
•我认为你说的并不正确。
Idon’tthinkyouareright.
•◆Yesterdayshetoldmeshewassorryshe’dgottenmad.
•昨天她告诉我,她为自己当时生气而抱歉。
•◆Nowadays,manystudentspreferusingEnglishnamesinalanguageclassroom.
•如今,许多学生喜欢在上语言课的时候用英文名字。
•prefer的用法:
preferv.更喜欢;宁愿
•prefersth.tosth.喜欢…胜过…
•preferdoingsth.todoingsth.喜欢…而不喜欢…
•prefertodoratherthando宁愿…而不愿…
•e.g.
•Doyouprefercoffeeortea?
你喜欢咖啡还是茶?
•Hepreferstalkingtodoing.他喜欢说,却不喜欢做。
•Theyprefertodieratherthansurrender.他们宁死不屈。
•◆Andforyoungpeople,havinganEnglishnameiscoolforthemwhentheytalktotheirforeignpenpals.
•而且对年轻人来说,有了英文名字,和笔友交谈时也很酷。
•havinganEnglishname…中having是动词ing形式,用来做主语。
•e.g.
•Gettingupearlyeverydayishisgoodhabit.每天早起是他的习惯。
•Swimmingisherfavoritesport.游泳是她最喜欢的运动。
•◆LearningEnglishandhavingEnglishnamesarebothpopularinChina.TheyarealsoimportantforChina’scontactwiththeworld.
•学习英语,而且有英文名字在中国很流行。
这些对中国和世界的接触也很重要。
•contact的用法:
•contactn.
•e.g.beincontactwith和...接触,有联系
•Theyhavebeenincontactwitheachotherforfiveyears.
•他们互相保持联系已经有五年了。
•Shecomesintocontactwithmanypeople.她和许多人有联系。
•contactv.
•e.g.Shecontactedmeassoonasshearrived.她一到就和我联系了。
•◆Ontheotherhand,somepeoplewhocometoChinachooseChinesenames
•另一方面,一些人来到中国,也起了中文名字。
•ontheonehand一方面…
•ontheotherhand另一方面…
•e.g.
•Ononehand,heisacleverboy;ontheotherhand,healwaysmakeshismotherangry.
•一方面,他是个聪明的孩子;可另一方面,他老惹母亲生气。
语法小结
•1.直接引语(DirectSpeech)是指原封不动的引用原话,把它放在引号内,例如:
•Mothertoldme,“Youshouldfinishyourhomeworkfirst,thenyoucangooutandplaywithyourfriends.”
•Theysaid,“Wewanttohavearest.”
•间接引语(ReportedSpeech,又叫IndirectSpeech)即用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内。
上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是:
•MothertoldmethatIshouldfinishmyhomeworkfirstandthenIcouldgooutandplaywithmyfriends.
•Theysaidtheywantedtohavearest.
•
•->Hesaidhehadn’tknownme.
•当“过去的过去”已经不言自明,或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现,或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时,一般过去时形式可以不变。
例如:
•Annsaid,“Shewasbornin1981.”
•
->Annsaidshewasbornin1981.
•b)过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时,也可以不变。
例如:
•Robertsaid,“IwasjokingwithMary.”
•->RobertsaidhehadbeenjokingwithMary.
•RobertsaidhewasjokingwithMary.
•c)过去完成时仍为过去完成时,不需改变。
例如:
•Hesaid,“Wehadn’treturnedtothestorewhenshecame.”
•->Hesaidtheyhadn’treturnedtothestorewhenshecame.
•d)时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。
例如:
•Johnsaid,“WhenIlivedinLondonIoftensawJane.”
•->JohnsaidwhenhelivedinLondonhehadoftenseenJane.
•JohnsaidwhenhelivedinLondonheoftensawJane.
•3)将来时间推移到过去将来时间
•最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。
例如:
•Hesaid,“We’respendingnextweekendathome.”
•->Hesaidtheywerespendingthenextweekendathome.
•Shesaid,“Themilkwillgooff(变质)ifyoudon’tdrinkittoday.”
•->ShesaidthemilkwouldgooffifIdidn’tdrinkitthatday.
•Theysaid,“We’regoingtoHawaiithissummervacation.”
•->TheysaidtheyweregoingtoHawaiithatsummervacation.
•但是,在引述时,如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间,那么,可以不推移到过去将来时间。
例如:
•Hesaid,“I’llbewaitingforyoutomorrow.”
•->Hesaidhewillbewaitingformetomorrow.
•4)人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化
•由上面的例子可以看出,当直接引语变成间接引语时,除动词时态变化外,人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也作相应的变化。
•a)人称代词,除引述本人原话外,通常第一、二人称变为第三人称,或者第二人称变为第一人称;限定词也作相应的变化。
例如:
•Hesaid,“Weloveourcountry.”
•->Hesaidtheylovetheircounty.
•b)指示代词this,these分别变成that/it,those/they或them;指示限定词this,those通常变为that,those或the。
例如:
•“Thishouseisveryexpensive,”shesaid.
•->Shesaidthathousewasveryexpensive.
•Thechildrencamebackwithtwowalletsandsaid,“Wepickedtheseuponthepavement.”
•->Thechildrencamebackwithtwowalletsandsaidtheyhadpickedthemuponthepavement.
•c)时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况:
•i)时间状语和动词时态两者都变。
例如:
•Hesaid,“Itwascompletesayearago.”
•->Hesaidithadbeencompletedayearbefore.
•ii)时间状语不变,动词时态可变可不变。
例如:
•Shesaid,“WeleftParisat8a.m.”
•->ShesaidtheyhadleftParisat8a.m.
•ShesaidtheyleftParisat8a.m.
•iii)时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定,如果引述时间和说话时间(如同一年、同一月、同一天等),时间状语可不变。
例如:
•Mr.Blacksaid,“WestartedlearningChineselastmonth.”
•->Mr.BlacksaidtheyhadstartedlearningChineselastmonth.(同一月引述)
•->Mr.BlacksaidtheyhadstartedlearningChinesethepreviousmonth.(可在同一月引述,也可不在同一月引述)
•直接引语间接引语
•todaythatday
•thismorning/afternoon,etc.thatmorning/afternoon,etc.
•yesterdaythedaybefore,thepreviousday
•(the)daybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore
•tomorrowthenextday,thefollowingday
•(the)dayaftertomorrowtwodaysafter,intwodays’time
•nextweek/month,etc.thenextweek/month,etc.
•lastweek/monththeweek/monthbefore
•nowthen
•d)地点状语here通常变为there;但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地,可仍用here,也可用具体地点代替here。
例如:
•Shesaid,“Ifirstmetyourbrotherhere.”
•->Shesaidshefirstmetmybrotherthere.
•“Arethechildrenhere?
”Fatherasked.
•->Fatheraskedwhetherthechildrenwerehere.
•本单元重点:
直接引语和间接引语,需要注意的是:
直接引语变间接引语时,人称和时态要发生变化,时态得和主句的时态保持一致。
【典型例题解析】
例1Thechildrenwillclimbthehillifit_____tomorrow.
A.won’trainB.didn’trainC.doesn’trainD.isn’training
解析此句中if意为“如果”,引导的是时间状语从句,其中主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
答案(C)
例2WewenttoHainanIslandonMayDayandhadgreatfun_____inthesun.
A.surfB.surfingC.surfsD.tosurf
解析havefundoingsth.为固定词组,意为“做某事很开心、高兴”。
答案(B)
例3Frank_____toseehisgrandmaifhe_____freetomorrow.
A.willcome;willbeB.comes;is
B.comes;willbeD.willcome;is
正解D错因分析本句时间状语为tomorrow,所以会错选为A选项,但在if引导的时间状语从句中,主句应用一般将来时,而从句则用一般现在时。
故选D。
例4Healthisveryimportanttous.Weshouldeatmorevegetablesandfruitinsteadof
____richfood.
A.toomuchB.muchtooC.toomanyD.verymuch
正解A错因分析此题考查上面四个短语的区别。
toomuch“太多的”,后接不可数名词;muchtoo“很,非常”,后接形容词或副词;verymuch“很,非常”,用来修饰动词;toomany“太多的”后接可数名词复数形式。
句中food是不可数名词,所以应用toomuch。
例5(2008年铜仁)—Doyouknow_______maninwhiteT-shirt?
—Yes.He'sourteacherofEnglish,Mr.Zeng.
A.aB.anC.theD./
【析】本题考查冠词用法。
冠词a、an表泛指,the表特指。
此处是指那个穿白体恤的人,故表示特指,所以C是正确的。
答案C
单元测试题
一、单项填空
1.BillsaidtoAllenhe________soccereverySunday.
A.isplayingB.playedC.playingD.wouldplay
2.________studentsinavillagemaynotsoundlikefun.
A.TeachB.TeachingC.TeacherD.Toteaching
3.Betty________herfriendsthatherparents________tohaveapartyforher.
A.said;willB.told;would
C.told;weregoingD.tells;will
4.Mymotherismad________mefor________herglasses.
A.with;brokenB.at;breakC.about;brokenD.at;breaking
5.Raydoes________inhistorythanI.
A.betterB.goodC.wellD.best
6.MydictionaryisonMary’sdeskCouldyou____?
A.pastittomeBpassmeitC.passittomeD.passitforme
7.You’resupposed_____yourhomeworkontime.
A.finishedB.finishingC.tofinishD.finish
8.He_______hisshortcomings(缺点)andbecameagoodstudent.
A.gotupB.gotoffC.cameoverD.gotover
9.Idon’tknow_____.
A.howisheoldB.howoldheis
C.howoldisheD.heishowold
10.Please________awaythewaterand_____meacupoftea.
A.take;bringB.take;take
C.bring;bringD.bring;take
11.Theteachersaidthatlight__________fasterthansound.
A.travelsB.travelledC.travelD.totravel
12.Youcan_______books_________thelibrary.
A.borrow;inB.borrow:
from
C.1end;inD.1end;from
13.Howlongdoesit_______himtotravelfromBeijingtoXi’an?
A.takeB.spendC.useD.make
14.Thelittlebabylooks________.
A.lovelyB.carefullyC.heavilyD.sadly
15.Couldyoutellmewho__________tomorrowmorning?
A.youwouldvisitB.willyouvisit
C.youwillvisitD.wouldyouvisit
16.Tomwantedtoknow________themeetingwouldbegin.
A.ifB.whenC.thatD.what
17.Theyarrivedearly___________aFridayafternoon.
A.atB.onC.inD.of
18.Mybrotherisa_________boyandhesingsvery________.
A.well;goodB.good;well
C.well;wellD.good;good
19.HewasdoinghishomeworkwhenTom__________.
A.gettoB.reachedC.gottoD.arrived
20.It’snotright_________others’homework.
A.copytB.copiesC.copyingD.tocopy
二、完形填空
WhenRoywasfouryearsold,hisfather 1 inanaccident,leavinghismotherandhim.AfterRoylefthighschool,hewanted 2 toagoodcollegeinhishometown.Buthismotherwouldpay 3 moneyforhiscollegeeducation.
“I’lltrytodosomethingforyouassoonasyoupasstheentranceexam,”saidhismother.
Roytooktheexam.Asaresult,hecouldenterthecollege 4 hedidn’tgetveryhighscores.
Hismotherwasveryexcited,butsheknewquitealotofmoneywouldbeneeded.Thenextday,shesoldhercarandaskedherboss 5 anotherfourhours’workeveryday.Sheevenhadtwojobs,oneduringthedayand 6 atnight.Shehadtowalktoworkandworktwelvehoursaday,sevendaysaweek,butshedidn’t 7 .Shethoughtherson’seducationwasworthsomuch.
Atermpassed.Roytookhisfirstexamafterenteringthecollege.Whentheresultsweretold,Royranhometo 8 hismotherthenews.
“Mum,”he
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