高中英语 Unit 20 New Frontiers单元综合测评 北师大版选修7.docx
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高中英语 Unit 20 New Frontiers单元综合测评 北师大版选修7.docx
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高中英语Unit20NewFrontiers单元综合测评北师大版选修7
Unit20NewFrontiers
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分;满分30分)
A
Whatwillpoweryourhouseinthefuture?
Nuclear,wind,orsolarpower?
AccordingtoscientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)intheUS,itmightbeleaves—butartificial(人造的)ones.
Naturalleavesareabletochangesunlightandwaterintoenergy.Itisknownasphotosynthesis(光合作用).Nowresearchershavefoundawaytoimitatethisseeminglysimpleprocess.
TheartificialleafdevelopedbyDanielNoceraandhiscolleaguesatMITcanbeseenasaspecialsiliconchipwithcatalysts(催化剂).Similartonaturalleaves,itcansplitwaterintohydrogenandoxygenwhenputintoabucketofwater.Thehydrogenandoxygengasesarethenstoredinafuelcell,whichusesthosetwomaterialstoproduceelectricity,locatedeitherontopofahouseorbesidethehouse.
Thoughtheleafisonlyabouttheshapeofapokercard,scientistsclaimedthatitispromisingtobeaninexpensivesourceofelectricityindevelopingcountries.“OnecanimaginevillagesinIndiaandAfricanotlongfromnowpurchasinganaffordablebasicpowersystembasedonthistechnology,”saidNoceraataconferenceoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.
Theartificialleafisnotanewidea.Thefirstartificialleafwasinventedin1997butwastooexpensiveandunstableforpracticaluse.Thenewleaf,bycontrast,ismadeofcheapmaterials,easytouseandhighlystable.Inlaboratorystudies,Nocerashowedthatanartificialleafprototype(原型)couldoperatecontinuouslyforatleast45hourswithoutadropinactivity.
ThewonderfulimprovementscomefromNocera'srecentdiscoveryofseveralpowerful,newandinexpensivecatalysts.Thesecatalystsmaketheenergytransformationinsidetheleafmoreefficientwithwaterandsunlight.Rightnow,thenewleafisabout10timesmoreefficientatcarryingoutphotosynthesisthananaturalone.Besides,thedevicecanruninwhateverwaterisavailable:
thatis,itdoesn'tneedpurewater.Thisisimportantforsomecountriesthatdon'thaveaccesstopurewater.
Withthegoalto“makeeachhomeitsownpowerstation”and“giveenergytothepoor”,scientistsbelievethatthenewtechnologycouldbewidelyusedindevelopingcountries,especiallyinIndiaandruralChina.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普文。
文章介绍了科学家利用人造树叶效仿光合作用进行发电这一新发明。
1.Whichofthefollowingorderscorrectlyshowshowtheartificialleafisusedtoproduceelectricity?
a.Artificialleavessplitwaterintohydrogenandoxygen.
b.Thehydrogenandoxygengasesarestoredinafuelcell.
c.Theartificialleavesareputinwater.
d.Thefuelcelluseshydrogenandoxygentoproduceelectricity.
A.c,b,a,d B.c,a,b,d
C.b,c,a,dD.c,a,d,b
【解析】 细节理解题。
文章的第三段提到人造树叶发电的过程:
先把它放在一桶水里,然后树叶将水分解为氢气和氧气,而氢气和氧气被存储于燃料电池里,随后电池利用氢气和氧气的反应发电。
【答案】 B
2.ThepurposeofthescientistsatMITindevelopingthenewartificialleafisto________.
A.buildupmorepowerstationsintheworld
B.providecheaperenergyfordevelopingcountries
C.offerpeopleindevelopingcountriesaccesstopurewater
D.gainadeeperunderstandingofthephotosynthesisprocess
【解析】 推理判断题。
根据最后一段可知,人造树叶发电这一技术可以帮助发展中国家获得便宜的能源。
【答案】 B
3.Themainideaofthispassageis________.
A.anintroductiontothehistoryofartificialleaves
B.aninventioncopyingphotosynthesis
C.givingenergytothepoor
D.amixtureofwaterpowerandsolarenergy
【解析】 主旨大意题。
综观全文可知,本文主要讲述了人造树叶模拟光合作用发电这一新发明。
【答案】 B
4.Theunderlinedword“imitate”inParagraph2canbereplacedby“________”.
A.produceB.hold
C.preventD.copy
【解析】 词义猜测题。
画线部分的前文介绍了什么是光合作用,后文介绍了利用人造树叶效仿光合作用进行发电的内容,所以该词的含义应该是“效仿”,故D项是最佳答案。
【答案】 D
B
(2016·江西九江一中高二月考)Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents'eyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympices.Butsometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge,itistimeyoubuildapositiveselfimageandlearntoloveyourself.
Selfimageisyourownmind'spictureofyourself.Thisimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourselfimageareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.Unfortunately,mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethantheyshouldbe.Thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourselfimageandyourwholeworld.
Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveselfimageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis,makealistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit.
Itverywellmightbethatyouareexperiencinganegativeselfimagebecauseyoucan'tmovepastoneflaworweaknessthatyouseeaboutyourself.Well,rollupyoursleevesandmakeachangeofitasyourprimarytask.Ifyouthinkyou'resillybecauseyouaren'tgoodatmath,findatutor.Ifyouthinkyou'reweakbecauseyoucan'trunamile,gettothetrackandpractice.Ifyouthinkyou'redullbecauseyoudon'twearthelatesttrends,buyafewnewclothes.Butremember,justbecauseyouthinkitdoesn'tmeanit'strue.
Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeselfimageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective,andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Changingthewayyouthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowardspromotingapositiveselfimage.Whenyoucanpat(拍)yourselfontheback,you'llknowyou'rewellonyourway.Goodluck!
【语篇解读】 本文作者主要阐述如何消除否定的自我形象和如何建立肯定的自我形象。
5.Youneedtobuildapositiveselfimagewhenyou________.
A.daretochallengeyourself
B.feelithardtochangeyourself
C.areunconfidentaboutyourself
D.haveahighopinionofyourself
【解析】 细节理解题。
本题题眼在第一段最后一句。
关键是理解“Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge”,“当你觉得自信是一种挑战时”,也就是“当你不够自信时”。
【答案】 C
6.Accordingtothepassage,ourselfimages________.
A.havepositiveeffects
B.areprobablyuntrue
C.areoftenchangeable
D.havedifferentfunctions
【解析】 细节理解题。
由第四段最后一句和第五段第一句可知。
【答案】 B
7.Howshouldyouchangeyourselfimageaccordingtothepassage?
A.Tokeepadifferentimageofothers.
B.Tomakeyourlifesuccessful.
C.Tounderstandyourownworld.
D.Tochangethewayyouthink.
【解析】 细节理解题。
由第二段最后一句“Thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourselfimageandyourwholeworld.”可知。
【答案】 D
8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Howtoprepareforyoursuccess.
B.Howtofacechallengesinyourlife.
C.Howtobuildapositiveselfimage.
D.Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.
【解析】 主旨大意题。
第一段最后一句中有“buildapositiveselfimage,”第三段首句的“Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveselfimageisto...,”最后一段的首句“Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeselfimageisto...”都是说明如何建立肯定的自我形象的。
【答案】 C
C
(2016·江西吉安一中高二下段考)TheNetherlandsonMondayintroduceditsfirsteverintelligentbicycle,fittedwithelectronicdevicestohelpbringdownthehighaccidentrateamongelderlycyclistsinthebicyclemadcountry.
DevelopedforthegovernmentbytheNetherlandsOrganizationforAppliedScientificResearch(TNO),theintelligentbicyclerunsonelectricity.Acommercialavailablebicycleisexpectedtobeonthemarketinthenexttwoyearsandshouldsellforbetween1,700to3,200eurosperbicycle.
Thedevicesonthebikearelinkedthroughanonboardcomputerwithavibrating(震动的)warningsystemfittedinthebicycle'ssaddleandhandlebarstowarncyclistsofthecomingdanger.
Thesaddlevibrateswhenothercyclistsapproachfrombehind,while,thehandlebarsdothesamewhenbarriersappearahead.
“Accidentsoftenhappenwhencyclistslookbehindthemorgetafrightwhentheyarepassedathighspeed,”saidMauriceKwakkernaat,oneofTNO'sresearchscientistsinvolvedintheproject.“Theonboardsystemtechnologyhasalreadybeenatworkinthecarindustry,”hesaid.
“Moreandmoreelderlypeopleareusingabicycle,notonlyforshortdistances,butalsoforlongerdistances,”DutchEnvironmentandInfrastructureMinisterMelanieSchultzvanHaegentoldAFP.“ThistypeofbicycleistrulyneededintheNetherlandsbecauseitwillhelpusbringdownthenumberofelderlypeoplewhoareinjuredeveryyearandallowthemtocontinuetoenjoycycling,”shesaid.
IntheNetherlands,bicyclesoutnumberthepopulationof17millionbyatleastonemillionandtherearesome25,000kmofbicyclepathinthecountry.Thosestatisticsaresettogrowasmoreandmorepeopletaketotwowheeledtransport,leadingtoanincreasedriskofinjury.
Lastyear,184cyclistsdiedinthecountry,ofwhich124,or67%,wereolderthan65,accordingtotheCentralStatisticsOffice.Theyearbefore,200cyclistsdied,themajorityofvictimsalsobeingelderly.
Thecurrentmodelweighs25kilogramsbutresearchersareworkingonmakingtheonboardsystemssmaller.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普文,主要介绍了一种新型的、灵巧的自行车。
9.Theintelligentbicycleisaimedto________.
A.protecttheenvironment
B.helpreducetrafficpressure
C.popularizetheuseofbicycles
D.improvesafetyforelderlycyclists
【解析】 细节理解题。
根据文章第一句“TheNetherlandsonMondayintroduceditsfirsteverintelligentbicycle,fittedwithelectronicdevicestohelpbringdownthehighaccidentrateamongelderlycyclistsinthebicyclemadcountry.”可知,这种自行车是为了提高年龄较大的骑行者骑车的安全性。
故选D项。
【答案】 D
10.Whichpartoftheintelligentbicyclewillvibratewhenothercyclistswassuddenlyfoundahead?
A.Thehandlebars.
B.Thewheels.
C.Thesaddle.
D.Theonboardcomputer.
【解析】 细节理解题。
根据文章第四段的“Thesaddlevibrateswhenothercyclistsapproachfrombehind...”可知选A项。
【答案】 A
11.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______
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