paradiselost失乐园赏析课件.docx
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paradiselost失乐园赏析课件.docx
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paradiselost失乐园赏析课件
paradise-lost失乐园赏析课件
ParadiseLost
TypeofWork
ParadiseLostisanepicpoemwhich—liketheepicpoemsofHomer,Dante,Vergil,andGoethe—tellsastoryaboutmomentouseventswhileincorporatinggrandthemesthataretimelessanduniversal.
DateCompleted
MiltoncompletedthefirstversionofParadiseLostin1667.Itconsistedof10books.In1668and1669,headdedanintroductorycommentabouttheverseformandaspecialsectionwithsummariesofeachbook.In1674,hepublishedthefinalversionoftheepic,inwhichhedividedBooks7and10intotwobookseach.Thecompletedworkthushad12booksinsteadof10.Healsoplacedeachsummaryatthebeginningofthebookitsummarized.
Sources
happinessinaspecialgardenwherespringistheonlyseasonandloveandgodlylivingprevail.Thoughtheyhaveallthattheywantandneed,cunningSatantellsthemtheycanhaveknowledgeandstatusbeyondtheirreachifonlytheyeatofthefruitoftheTreeofKnowledge.Evecanbecomeagoddess,hesays.Vanityovertakesher.Sheeats.Adamreluctantlydoesthesame.
Gabriel,Raphael,Michael,Uriel:
PowerfulandfearlessangelsonthesideofGod.
Beelzebub,Mammon,Belial,Moloch:
PowerfulleadersinSatan'sarmy.Inagreatcouncilinhell,eachofthemspeakshismindonwhatpolicydevil-kindshouldfollowafterlosingparadise.Shouldtheymakeanewwar?
Shouldtheymakepeace?
Ithuriel,Zephron:
AngelswhoexpelSatanfromtheGardenofEdenwiththehelpofasignfromGod.Satanreturnstothegardenlatertocompletehisdeviousenterprise.
Mulciber:
Fallenangelwhodesignshell'scapitalcityandseatofgovernment,Pandemonium.InancientRomanmythology,MulciberisanothernameforVulcan(Greek:
Hephaestus),godoffireandtheforge.Asablacksmith,hekeptshopinburningmountains(volcanoes).
Sin:
DaughterofSatan.ShewasbornfromhisheadinthemannerofAthena,Greekgoddessofwisdomandwar,whosprangfromtheforeheadofZeus,kingofthegods.
Death:
SonofSatanandSin
VariousOtherAngelsandDevils
Milton'sSolarSystem
Indescribingtheplanetsandothercelestialbodies,MiltonmodelsGod’screationonthePtolemaic天动说的design(alsocalledthegeocentricdesign)ratherthantheCopernicandesign(alsocalledtheheliocentric以太阳为中心的design).Theformerplacedearthatthecenterofthesolarsystem,withthesunandothercelestialbodiesorbitingit.Copernicusandotherscientistslaterprovedthattheearthorbitsthesun.MiltonwasawareoftheCopernicantheory,butheusedthePtolemaicdesign—eitherbecausehebelieveditwasthemorecredibletheoryorbecausehebelieveditwouldbetterservehisliterarypurpose.InParadiseLost,Adaminquiresaboutthemovementsofcelestialbodies—inparticular,whetherearthorbitsthesunorviceversa—inhisconversationwiththearchangel天使Raphael,butRaphaelgivesnodefiniteanswer.RaphaelmayhavebeenspeakingforMilton.
StyleandVerseFormat
MiltonwroteParadiseLostindignified,lofty,melodicEnglishfreeofanycolloquialismsandslangsthatwouldhavelimitedthework'stimelinessanduniversality.Theformat,Miltonsaysinanintroductorynote,is"Englishheroicversewithoutrhyme"—inotherwords,blankverse,thesameverseformusedbyShakespeareinhisplays.Milton'sstrongreligiousfaithinfusesthepoemwithsincerityandmoralpurpose,buthedoesnotallowhisenthusiasmforhissubjecttoovertakecontrolofhiswriting.ThoughMiltonfrequentlyusesobscureallusionstomythologyandhistory,aswellasoccasionaldifficultwordsandphrases,hislanguageisneverdeliberatelyaffectedorostentatious炫耀的.Whatismore,itdoesnotpreachanddoesnottakethereaderoncircumlocutory迂回的expeditions.Likeasymphonycomposer—mightyBeethoven,forexample—Miltonisalwaysincontrol,temperinghiscreativegeniuswithhistechnicaldiscipline.
Withagooddictionaryandanannotated有注解的text,afirst-timereaderofMiltoncaneasilyfollowandunderstandthestorywhiledevelopinganappreciationfortheexquisitewriting.
EpicConventions
InParadiseLost,Miltonusedtheclassicalepicconventions—literarypractices,rules,ordevicesestablishedbyHomerthatbecamecommonplaceinepicpoetry.Someofthesepracticeswerealsousedinothergenresofliterature.AmongtheclassicalconventionsMiltonusedarethefollowing:
(1)Theinvocation祈祷ofthemuse,inwhichawriterrequestsdivinehelpincomposinghiswork.
(2)Tellingastorywithwhichreadersorlistenersarealreadyfamiliar;theyknowthecharacters,theplot,andtheoutcome.Mostofthegreatwritersoftheancientworld—aswellasmanygreatwritersinlatertimes,includingShakespeare—frequentlytoldstoriesalreadyknowntothepublic.Thus,insuchstories,therewerenounexpectedplottwists,nosurpriseendings.Ifthissoundsstrangetoyou
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- paradiselost 乐园 赏析 课件
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