最新成人学位英语阅读理解训练题及答案 9.docx
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最新成人学位英语阅读理解训练题及答案 9.docx
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最新成人学位英语阅读理解训练题及答案9
学位英语阅读理解专项提升练习合集
一、阅读理解
Passageone
Thefutureofspaceexplorationmaydependonanartformfromthepast:
origami(折纸艺术),theancientartofpaperfolding.
ResearchersfromWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU),US,haveusedorigamitopossiblysolvetheproblemofstoringandmovingfueltorocketengines,akeychallengeinspacetravel,accordingtoNewswise.They’vedevelopedafoldableplasticfuel“bladder(囊状物)”resistanttosupercoldtemperatures,whichcouldbeusedtostoreandpumpfuelinspacecraftsofthefuture.TheirfindingshaverecentlybeenpublishedinthejournalCryogenics.
“Folkshavebeentryingtomakebagsforrocketfuelforalongtime,”saidJakeLeachman,oneoftheleadresearchers.“Wecurrentlydon’tdolarge,long-durationtripsbecausewecan’tstorefuellongenoughinspace.”
Meanwhile,NASAisalsolookingtopaperfoldingtohelpobservedistantplanets.TheagencyiscurrentlydevelopingStarshade,afoldable,sunflower-shapedpieceofhardwarethatwouldhelpblockstarlightandenabletelescopestoviewdistantobjectsmoreclearlyinspace.
“Ahugepartofmyjobislookingatsomethingonpaperandasking,‘Canweflythis?
’”MananArya,atechnologistinCalifornia,said.“OnceIrealizedthisishowyoufoldspacecraftstructures,Ibecameinterestedinorigami.IrealizedIwasgoodatitandenjoyedit.Now,Ifoldconstantly.”
Usingorigamiforspacepurposesisn’tnew,however.Solararrays(太阳能阵列),experimentalwingsforspaceshuttleprogramsandaninflatable(可充气的)satellitewerealsoinspiredbyorigamiinbothpastandpresentspaceprojects.
“Withmostorigami,themagiccomesfromthefolding,”RobertSalazar,whohelpeddesigntheStarshadeandnowworksontheTransformersproject,saidinastatement.“Therearesomanypatternstostillbeexplored.”
1.Howcouldthe“bladder”helpinfuturemissions?
A.Toprotectspacecraftsfromextremeweather.
B.Tobeusedtostoreandsupplyfuelinspacecrafts.
C.Tohelprocketenginescutenergyconsumption.
D.Tobeusedtoimproveenergyefficiency.
答案:
B
2.WhatcanweknowaboutNASA’sStarshade?
A.Itcanbeusedtogettelescopesclosertostars.
B.Itcanenlargetheviewoftelescopesinspace.
C.Itcanabsorbastar’slightbeforeitenterstelescopes.
D.Itcanhelptelescopesgetclearerpicturesofobjectsinspace.
答案:
D
3.Whatisthistext?
A.Atraveljournal.B.Adigest.
C.Asciencereport.D.Anadvertisement.
答案:
C
4.Whichcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?
A.Foldingintospace.B.Theartofpaperfolding.
C.Spaceexploration.D.Theorigami-inspiredprojects.
答案:
A
【答案解析】
这一篇说明文。
文章主要讲述折纸这种古老的艺术形式对太空探索的影响。
【详解】
细节理解题。
根据第二段“They’vedevelopedafoldableplasticfuel“bladder(囊状物)”resistanttosupercoldtemperatures,whichcouldbeusedtostoreandpumpfuelinspacecraftsofthefuture.(他们已经开发出了一种可折叠的塑料燃料“囊”,可以抵抗超低温,可以用来在未来的航天器中存储和泵送燃料。
)”可知,“thebladder(囊状物)”可以用来在宇宙飞船中储存和供应燃料。
故选B项。
【详解】
细节理解题。
根据第四段“TheagencyiscurrentlydevelopingStarshade,afoldable,sunflower-shapedpieceofhardwarethatwouldhelpblockstarlightandenabletelescopestoviewdistantobjectsmoreclearlyinspace.(美国宇航局目前正在开发一种可折叠的、向日葵形状的硬件“星罩”(Starshade),它将有助于阻挡星光,使望远镜能够更清楚地观察太空中的遥远物体。
)”可知,美国宇航局目前正在开发的“星罩”可以阻挡星光,它可以帮助望远镜获得更清晰的太空物体图像。
故选D项。
【详解】
推理判断题。
根据第一段“Thefutureofspaceexplorationmaydependonanartformfromthepast:
origami(折纸艺术),theancientartofpaperfolding.(未来的太空探索可能依赖于一种来自过去的艺术形式:
折纸,一种古老的折纸艺术。
)”和全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了一项科学研究:
未来的太空探索可能依赖于一种来自过去的艺术形式:
折纸。
所以可以推断,文章应是一篇科学报告。
A.Atraveljournal旅行日记;B.Adigest摘要;C.Asciencereport科学报告;D.Anadvertisement广告。
故选C项。
【详解】
主旨大意题。
根据倒数第二段“Usingorigamiforspacepurposesisn’tnew,however.Solararrays(太阳能阵列),experimentalwingsforspaceshuttleprogramsandaninflatable(可充气的)satellitewerealsoinspiredbyorigamiinbothpastandpresentspaceprojects.(然而,在太空中使用折纸并不是什么新鲜事。
在过去和现在的太空项目中,太阳能阵列、航天飞机项目的实验机翼和充气卫星也受到了折纸的启发。
)”和全文内容可知,文章主要讲述折纸这种古老的艺术形式对太空探索的影响。
所以A项“Foldingintospace(折叠到太空)”概括了文章主旨,适合作为文章标题。
故选A项。
Passagetwo
Anyonewhocommutes(通勤)bycarknowsthattrafficjamsareanunavoidablepartoflife.Buthumansarenotaloneinfacingpotentialbackups.
Antsalsocommute--betweentheirnestandsourcesoffood.Thesurvivaloftheircoloniesdependsondoingthisefficiently.
Whenhumanscommute,there'sapointatwhichcarsbecomedense(稠密)enoughtoslowdowntheflowoftraffic,causingjam.Motsch,amathematicianinArizonaStateUniversity,andhiscolleagueswantedtoknowifantsonthemovecouldalsogetstuck.SotheyregulatedtrafficdensitybyconstructingbridgesofvariouswidthsbetweenacolonyofArgentineantsandasourceoffood.Thentheywaitedandwatched.“Thegoalwastotrytofindoutatwhatpointtheyaregoingtohaveatrafficjam.”saidSebastienMotsch.
Butitappearsthatthatneverhappened.Theyalwaysmanagedtoavoidtrafficjam.Theflowantsdidincreaseatthebeginningasantsstartedtofillthebridgeandthenleveledoffathighdensities.Butitneversloweddownorstopped,evenwhenthebridgewasnearlyfilledwithants.
Theresearchersthentookacloserlookathowthebehaviourofindividualantsimpactedtrafficasawhole.andtheyfoundthatwhenantssenseovercrowdingtheyadjusttheirspeedsandavoidenteringhigh-densityareas,whichpreventsjams.Thesebehavioursmaybepromotedbypheromones,chemicalsthattellotherantswhereatrailis.Theantsalsomanagetoavoidcolliding(碰撞)witheachotherathighdensities,whichcouldreallyslowthemdown.ThestudyisinthejournaleLife.
Canantshelpussolveourowntrafficproblems?
Notlikely,saysMotsch.That'sbecausewhenitcomestogettingfrompointatopointbasfastaspossible,humandriversputtheirowngoalsfirstIndividualantshavetobemorecooperativeinordertofeedthecolony.Buttheresearchcouldbeusefulinimprovingtrafficflowforself-drivingcars,whichcanbedesignedtobelesslikeselfishhumans-andmorelikeants.
1.Howdidtheresearcherscontrolthetrafficdensityofthecommutingants?
A.ByfindingoutthedensepointsB.Throughcloserobservation
C.Bycontrollingthewidthsoftheirpath.D.Byregulatingtheirnumbers
答案:
C
2.Accordingtotheresearch,antscanavoidtrafficjamsmainlybecause________.
A.theyfollowaspecialroute
B.theyleveloffathighdensities
C.theyneverstoporslowdownontheway
D.theydependontheirnaturalchemicalstoadjusttheirspeeds
答案:
D
3.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.TrafficjamsB.Unavoidable?
Notforants
C.Survivalofanantcolony.D.Differencebetweenhumanandants
答案:
B
【答案解析】
本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了通过研究,人们发现蚂蚁可以避免交通堵塞。
【详解】
细节理解题。
根据第三段“SotheyregulatedtrafficdensitybyconstructingbridgesofvariouswidthsbetweenacolonyofArgentineantsandasourceoffood.(因此,它们通过在阿根廷蚁群和食物来源之间建造不同宽度的桥梁来调节交通密度。
)”可知,研究人员通过控制路径的宽度控制通勤蚂蚁的交通密度。
故选C。
【详解】
细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段“andtheyfoundthatwhenantssenseovercrowdingtheyadjusttheirspeedsandavoidenteringhigh-densityareas,whichpreventsjams.Thesebehavioursmaybepromotedbypheromones,chemicalsthattellotherantswhereatrailis.(他们发现,当蚂蚁感觉到拥挤时,它们会调整速度,避免进入高密度区域,从而避免拥堵。
这些行为可能是由信息素促进的,信息素是一种能告诉其他蚂蚁踪迹的化学物质。
)”根据这项研究,蚂蚁能够避免交通堵塞,主要是因为它们依靠天然化学物质来调节速度。
故选D。
【详解】
主旨大意题。
根据第四段“Butitappearsthatthatneverhappened.Theyalwaysmanagedtoavoidtrafficjam.(但这似乎从未发生过。
它们总是设法避开交通堵塞。
)”以及第一段“Anyonewhocommutes(通勤)bycarknowsthattrafficjamsareanunavoidablepartoflife.Buthumansarenotaloneinfacingpotentialbackups.(开车上下班的人都知道,交通堵塞是生活中不可避免的一部分。
但人类并不是唯一面临潜在备份的物种。
)”及全文可知,整篇文章介绍的是交通堵塞在蚂蚁种群中可以避免。
“不可避免的?
蚂蚁不是”最适合作文章标题。
故选B。
Passagethree
Fastfashionhaschangedthewaywedress.Webuymoreclothes,moreoften,butwearthemless.Theaveragelifespanofapieceofclothingisjusttwoyears,and87percentofunwantedclothingendsupinlandfillorincinerators(焚化炉).
AlinaBassi,founder,ofKleiderly,wantstogiveourclothingwasteanotherchanceofausefullife.The30-year-oldchemicalengineerhasalwayscaredaboutthethreatofclimatechange—inherteensshemadeafilmhighlightingtheenvironmentalimpactofHeathrowAirport—butsheactuallystartedhercareerintheoilindustry.“Ilearnedsomuchthere,butknewitwasn’tquiterightforme,”Bassisays.Asajuniorengineer,itwasdifficulttoaffectchangeinlargecorporationsandshewantedtomakeanimpact.“Ireallywantedtoworkinsustainability.(可持续性).”
Afterafewmoreyearsintheenergyindustry,shelandedajobwithbio-bean,acompanythatturnedwastecoffeegroundsfrommajorUKcafechainsintoproductsthatcouldbeburnedforheatandfuel.AfterayearinBerlinaschiefoperatingofficerofKaffeeform,anothercoffeerecyclingcompany,Bassiwaseagertostepintoadifferentfield—usedcoffeegroundsarenotthebiggestthreatfacedbytheplanet.Instead,Bassipouredhereffortsintotacklingamuchbiggerpolluter.
Kleiderlyhopestochangethelandscapeofclothingwaste.Usingtheprinciplesofacircular(循环的)economy,Bassihasdevelopedalow-energy,multi-stageprocesstoturnclothingfibersintoanalternativetooil-basedplastic.Sheisreluctanttorevealanyfurtherdetailsastheprocessisstillbeingpatented.Thisplasticcanthenbefedtomanufacturersthatcanuseitintheirexistingmachines,sothatyouroldT-shirtsandjeansarereusedasbrandnewproducts.“Iwantedtotakethefibersandturnthemintosomethingthatwouldbeusedformanyyearstocome.”Bassisays.
1.WhatdowelearnaboutBassi’sworkintheoilindustry?
A.Itgavehermuchjoy.
B.Itinspiredhertomakeafilm.
C.Itwentagainstherpersonalgoals.
D.Itmadeherworryabouttheoilindustry.
答案:
D
2.WhatdidBassirealizeafterayearofmanagingKaffeeform?
A.Sheshouldentertheenergyindus
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