高三复习语法系列定语从句考点总结.docx
- 文档编号:5747093
- 上传时间:2022-12-31
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:6
- 大小:20.18KB
高三复习语法系列定语从句考点总结.docx
《高三复习语法系列定语从句考点总结.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高三复习语法系列定语从句考点总结.docx(6页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高三复习语法系列定语从句考点总结
定语从句的详细讲解
一、定语从句的定义
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句主要关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的
关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词怎样使用
1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:
Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.(that作主语)
Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:
Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.(作主语)
Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)
3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。
例如:
ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.(作主语)
Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?
(作宾语)
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
例如:
Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.
PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。
例如:
Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.
(3)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。
例如:
Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.
b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?
c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?
f.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:
a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:
What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
Thisistheroominwhichhelives.
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:
Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。
例如:
Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。
例如:
Thisistheplacewhereheworks.
(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。
例如:
Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.
六.限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。
一般地说,限制性定语从句用来限制先行词的意义,与先行词关系密切,是整个句子不可缺少的一部分,否则会造成全句意义不明确。
而非限制性定语从句带有补充说明的性质,与先行词之间存在一种松散的修饰关系,去掉后一般不会影响句子的主要意义。
概括起来,两者有如下区别:
1)形式不同:
限制性定语从句常紧跟其先行词,中间不用逗号隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。
AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.(NMET1996)
2)意义不同
请比较下面两个句子:
Mybrotherwhois18yearsoldisacollegestudent.
我18岁的那个弟弟是大学生。
Mybrother,whois18yearsold,isacollegestudent.
我弟弟是大学生,今年18岁。
第一句中,限制性定语从句限制了先行词的意义,明确是18岁的那个弟弟(而不是其他的,即有可能还有几个弟弟)。
第二句使用了非限制性定语从句,表明可能只有一个弟弟,18岁,起补充说明作用。
另外,如果先行词是专有名词或独一无二的人或物,通常用非限制性定语从句。
Hismother,wholovedhimverymuch,diedin1818.最爱他的母亲于1818年去世了。
IliketochatwithJack,whoisacleverboy.我喜欢和杰克聊天,他是个聪明人。
Whenhewas17,hewenttoatechnicalschoolinZurich,Switzerland,wherehestudiedmathsandphysics.
17岁那年,他到瑞士的苏黎士一家技校上学,在那儿他学习了数学和物理。
3)先行词不同:
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词除名词或代词外,还可以是整个主句(此时,常用which或as引导从句)。
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyI
doubtedverymuch.
Ashasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextweek.
句中as是关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,指代后面整个主句的内容。
4)引导词不同:
限制性定语从句的引导词可用关系代词that,which,
who(whom,whose),as和关系副词when,where,why;
除that和why外,其它的关系代词、关系副词均可引导非限制性
定语从句。
Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho/thathasbeenawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.
Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.(句中which不可用that代替)
Thefamousbasketballstar,whotriedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.(句中who不可用that代替)
5)引导词省略情况不同:
众所周知,在限制性定语从句中,关系代词如果充当从句的宾语可以省略;而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词是不能省略的。
Isthisthebook(that/which)youarelookingfor?
(关系代词that/which充当从句的宾语,可以省略)
Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadn'texpected.(关系代词which在从句中充当expect的宾语,但因为引导的是非限制性定语从句,所以不能省略)
6)译法不同:
把句子翻译成汉语时,限制性定语从句中,通常先译从句后译先行词;而非限制性定语从句中则往往相反。
Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneoncomputer.
我们生活在一个许多工作都由电脑来完成的时代。
Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:
school,museumsandsomeotherplaces,whereothervisitorsseldomgo.
我们将被带领着参观这个城市的学校,博物馆和其他地方,这些地方其他的游客很少去的。
定语从句加强练习
1.Mary lives in the room, the door _____ opens east。
A. of it B. of which C. of that D. whose
2.The engineer _____ my father is talking has just come from abroad.
A. with whom B. with who C. with which D. that
3. He lives in a hotel, _____ is only five minutes’ walk from here.
A. that B. which C. in which D. where
4.Is there anything _____ I can do for you?
A. which B. who C. as D. that
5.The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _____are known to us.
A. which B. that C. as D. who
6.This is the reason _____ they are all against the plan.
A. which B. that C. why D. what
7.It was not until late in the evening _____ the traveler found a hotel.
A. which B. that C. as D. where
8.I didn’t like the way _____ she spoke to me.
A. which B. that C. how D. as
9.This is _____ I can do for you right now.
A. which B. that C. what D. as
10.It was at our college library _____ I borrowed the novel.
A. which B. in which C. that D. where
11.I have seen trees, _____ open at sunrise and close at sunset.
A. which the leavesB. of which the leaves C. whose leaves D. its leaves
12.All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
13.The foreign guests, _____ were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A. most of whom B. most of them C. most of which D. most of those
14.I can still remember the sitting-room ____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
15.On the train I saw a student _____ I thought was your sister.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
16.Is the river _____ through the town very long?
A. flows B. that flows C. which flow D. the one flows
17.Is this college _____ they went to last year?
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
18.Is this the university _____ you visited last time?
A. that one B. which C. the one D. the one what
19.It is the factory _____ his father worked a few years ago.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
20.It is the factory _____ his father wanted to go to.
A. that B. the one C. where D. what
21.Egypt is a country _____ is famous for its pyramids.
A. where B. which C. in which D. at which
22.China is the country _____ he spent the best part of his life.
A. where B. which C. in that D. at which
23.A small car arrived, _____ came a man, a woman and five children of different ages.
A. out of that B. out of it C. out of which D. whose car
24.Can you suggest a time _____ it will be convenient to meet?
A. that B. which C. when D. in which
25.I’d like to tell you _____ I saw in the exhibition.
A. which B. that C. what D. /
26.Have you got anything _____ belongs to me?
A. which B. that C. of which D. what
27.I hope that the little _____ I have been able to do has been of some use.
A. which B. that C. what D. for which
28. Who _______ has common sense will do such a thing?
A. which B. that C .whose D. whom
29 The bike and its rider _____ had knocked down the boy were taken to the police.
A. who B .that C. which D. whom
30. My uncle had three sons, two of _____ died during the last earthquake.
A. them B .which C. whom D. that
31. Put the letter ______ he can find it easily.
A. in which B. at which C. where D. which
32. There is little time _____ we can spare.
A. which B. that C. as D. what
33. Everything ______ he said was of great importance.
A. which B. that C. as D. what
34..This is one of the presents ______ he gave me.
A. which B. that C. as D. what
35. This is the very letter _____ I am looking for .
A. which B. that C. as D. what
36. Tom didn’t attend the meeting, ________ we expected.
A. where B. that C. as D. what
37. I will give you such information _______ will help you.
A. which B. that C. as D. what
38. She wears the same kind of clothes ______ her sister does.
A. which B. what C. that D. as
39. I have never seen such a clever boy ______ you.
A. which B. that C. as D. what
40. Do you know the reason ______ he was late?
A. that B. which C. what D. for which
41 ._____ the teacher has announced, school will be opened tomorrow.
A. Once B. Because C. As D. Since
42. The size of the audience, _____we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.
A. as B. which C. what D. because
43. This is the best hotel in the city ____ I know.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
44. The only problem ______ troubled him has not been solved.
A. which B. that C. as D. what
45. You can take
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 复习 语法 系列 定语 从句 考点 总结