高考英语 文章阅读类 暑假练习题17.docx
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高考英语 文章阅读类 暑假练习题17.docx
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高考英语文章阅读类暑假练习题17
2014高考英语文章阅读类:
2013暑假练习题(17)及答案解析
第二部分:
阅读理解(第一节20小题,第二节5小题;每小题2分,满分50分)
第一节:
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
(A)
(文章选自ChinaDaily,题目)
XI'AN-China'sconservationworkfortheendangeredcrestedibis(朱鹮)isfacingnewchallenges,includinganincreasingdeathrateduetoinbreeding(同系繁殖),andtheconflictbetweentheneedtoexpandnaturalhabitatsandlocalcommunities'economicinterests,birdexpertshavewarned.
Thecrestedibis,oncewidespreadinJapan,China,RussiaandtheKoreanPeninsula,almostbecameextinctinthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury.
Before1981,whensevencrestedibiswereaccidentallyfoundinYangxiancounty,inNorthwestChina'sShaanxiprovince,academicsthoughtthespecieshadbeenextinctinChinaforalmost17years.
Duetothehugeeffortputintospeciesprotectionsince1981,thenumberofcrestedibisinChinahasrisentoanestimated1,617,including997inthewild,theStateForestryAdministrationsaidatameetingoncrestedibisprotectioninXi'anonMonday.
However,althoughtheibispopulationexceeds1,000,thebirdsarestillnotfreefromthethreatofextinction,saidFangShengguo,directoroftheStateConservationCenterforGeneResourcesofEndangeredWildlifeatZhejiangUniversity.
Ornithologistsusedinbreedingintheearlystagesofprotectionsothatnumbersofthepreciousbirdscouldincreasequickly,butthatmethodhadconsequences,Fangsaid.
"Studieshaveprovedthatasaresultofinbreeding,crestedibishavethelowestgeneticdiversityofallendangeredbirds,"Fangsaid.
"Itmeansahighdeathrateandmorephysicaldefectsforhatchedchicks."
Thegovernmentshouldcollectgeneticinformationfromallcrestedibisandestablishageneticdatabaseassoonaspossible,thendesignascientificmatingplanforthespecies,Fangsaid.
Sofar,about90percentofcrestedibisliveinShaanxiprovince,andfewerthan140ibisliveinthreezoosinotherpartsofthecountry,includingBeijingZoo,accordingtoLiuDongping,anassistantresearcherattheNationalBirdBandingCenterofChina,whichisaffiliatedtotheChineseAcademyofForestry.
Thebirdhaslosttheabilitytomigrate,hesaid,addingthatifanunexpectednaturaldisasteroccurredinShaanxiprovinceoraninfectiousdiseasespreadthroughthearea,theibispopulationcouldbegreatlyreduced.
Expertsalsowarnedthattheincreasedpopulationofibis,whetherinthewildorincaptivity,requiresalargerandmorevariednaturalhabitat.
Rampanthunting,themassivelossofhabitatcausedbydeforestationandtheoveruseofpesticides,whichkilledaquatic(水生的)insectsonwhichtheibisfeed,arebelievedtobethemainreasonsforthesharpreductionintheibispopulationbefore1981.
So,in1983,aState-levelnaturalreservewassetupinShaanxiprovincetoprotectthebird.Butthestruggleforlivingspacebetweenhumanandanimalhasneverstopped,saidLuBaozhong,deputydirectoroftheShaanxiCrestedIbisConservationStation.
"Forexample,ibisoftenlookforloachesinfarmers'ricefields.Sometimestheirclawstramplethericeseedlings.Inanothercase,villagersdiscoveredsomelandwithabundantmineralresourceswhichhappenedtobeahabitatforibis,"saidLu,whohasdevoted30yearstoibisprotection.
Along-termwin-winsolutionforibisandlocalcommunitiesneedstobedeveloped,onethatwouldprovideecologicalcompensationforlocalresidents,Lusaid.
49.
What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TheRareBirdinChina
B.NewProblemsfortheCrestedIbis
C.TheWaytoSavetheCrestedIbis
D.TheReasonfortheCrestedIbis’sExtinction
50.
WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?
A.ThecrestedibisisanativeofChina.
B.Before1981,thecrestedibiswasextinctinChina.
C.Thecrestedibisisnowfreefromthethreatofextinction.
D.MostofthecrestedibisareinShaanxiprovince.
51.
Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“Ornithologists”?
A.thepersonswhostudythebirds
B.thepersonsintheStateForestryAdministration
C.thepersonswhokeepthebirds
D.thepersonswhokillthebirds
52.
Whydidtheexpertsadoptthewayofinbreedingtoprotectthecrestedibis?
A.Toincreasethedeathrate.
B.Toincreasethenumberofthecrestedibis.
C.Togetmorephysicaldefectsforhatchedchicks
D.Tohavethelowestdiversityoftheendangeredbird.
53.
Whatmaybethereasonforthereductioninthepopulationofthecrestedibisbefore1981?
A.inbreeding
B.economicdevelopment
C.overhunting
D.sandstorm
54.
Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Duetoourgreatefforts,thecrestedibislivesinthewildwell.
B.Scientistswillchooseabetterhabitatforthecrestedibis.
C.Theproblemsofthecrestedibishavenotbeensolvednow.
D.Thegovernmenthasestablishedageneticdatabaseofthecrestedibis.
(B)
(文章选自ChinaDaily,略有删减,题目)
Awinnerofthe2011L'Oreal-UNESCOForWomeninScienceAwards,ProfessorVivianWing-wahYamsaysshecouldnothavedoneitwithoutthebackingofherfamily.
TheroadtoscientificdiscoveryistougherforwomenthanformenandProfessorVivianWing-wahYamsaysshecouldn'thavesucceededwithoutsuchasupportivefamily.The47-year-oldfromHongKongUniversitywasoneoffivewomenscientists,fromeachcontinent,toreceivethe2011L'Oreal-UNESCOForWomeninScienceAwardsataceremonyonMarch3,atUNESCOHeadquartersinParis.Itisthe13theditionoftheawardsince1998.
Yam'slongandfruitfulresearchonsolvingtheenergyproblemwonhertheprizeforAsiaandthePacific.Thereareseveralrenewableandsustainable(可持续的)energysolutions,likesolarpower,whichcouldprovideanunlimitedsourceofenergy.Someproblemsmustberesolved,however,suchasthelowefficiencyofsolarcellsandtheirhighsupplycosts.Yamandhercolleagueshopetoovercometheseproblemsbydevelopingandtestingnewphotoactive(光敏的)materials.
ShebecamethethirdChinesewomenscientisthonoredwiththeso-called"woman'sNobelPrize"award,afterProfessorLiFanghuafromtheChineseAcademyofSciencesin2003,andProfessorYeRuyufromHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyin2004.
"Peoplethinkchemistsarebadguys,butwearethegoodguys,"YamsaidinahumorousasidebeforeexplainingherresearchprojectonphotoactivematerialsinanearlierspeechatL'InstitutdeFrance.ForYam,chemistryisscience,butalsoanart.Amazedbytheuniverse,natureandcolorinherchildhood,Yamdecidedonacareerinchemistry."Oneofthebeautiesofchemistryistheabilitytocreatenewmoleculesandchemicalspecies.Ihavealwaysassociatedchemistswithartists,creatingnewthingswithinnovative(革新的)ideas,"Yamsaid.
Asamotheroftwodaughters,12and14,Yamsaidsheisluckytohavebeensupportedbyherfamily.Shewasinspiredasachildbyherfather,aprofessorintheCivilEngineeringFacultyatHongKongUniversity.Yamaddedherhusband,MakShingtat,aPhDinchemistry,whoaccompaniedYamtotheawardsceremony,wasalsofullysupportiveofherwork."Ican'timaginehowmycareercouldmoveonwithouthisunderstandingandsupport,"shesaid."Ioftenstaylateatnightinthelaboratory.Healwayswaitsformeoutside."
YamreceivedherbachelorandPhDdegreesfromtheUniversityofHongKong(HKU).ShetaughtatCityPolytechnicofHongKongbeforejoiningHKUasafacultymember,andheadedthechemistrydepartmentfortwotermsfrom2000to2005.At38,shewastheyoungestmemberelectedtotheChineseAcademyofSciences.SheisalsoaFellowofTWAS,theAcademyofSciencesfortheDevelopingWorld,andwasawardedtheStateNaturalScienceAwardandtheRoyalSocietyofChemistry(RSC)CentenaryMedal.2011isthe100thanniversaryofMarieCurie'ssecondNobelPrize,coinciding(一致的)withtheInternationalYearofChemistry.Today,Curieisstillarolemodelforwomeninscience.
Althoughtheparticipationofwomeninscience,ispromotedbyUNESCO,notablythroughL'Oreal-UNESCO,therearestilltoofewwomendoinghigh-levelscience,saysUNESCODirector-GeneralIrinaBokova.ThelatestUNESCOreportshowslessthan40percentofcountriesprovidegirlsandboysequalaccesstoeducation.
Eachyear,theL'Oreal-UNESCOForWomeninScienceAwardrecognizes15youngwomenfromallovertheworld,especiallydevelopingcountries,toencourageandfinancetheirstudies.Morethan200youngwomenscientistsarecurrentlysupported."Idonotthinkthereisadifferencebetweenmenandwomenintermsoftheirintellectualabilitiesandresearchcapabilities(能力),"Yamsaid."Aslongasonehasthepassion,dedicationanddeterminationtopursueresearchwholeheartedly,onecanexcelregardlessofone'sgenderorbackground."
Yamsaidsomeyoungwomen,whorequirestabilityandsecurity,oftenhavetogiveuptheirresearchbecauseoffamilypressures."Theonlywayforwomentosucceedinscienceistogetthementalandmaterialsupportfromfamilyandsociety.Thereisaday-carecenteratmyuniversity,andmyhusbandandmother-in-lawhelpalotwiththehousework,soIamabletospendmytimeonresearch,"shesaid."Ihavetwoyoungdaughters,anditistooearlytotellwhetherornottheywanttopursuecareersinscience.But,Iwillencouragethemtoalwaysdefendtheirideas.Toremaindetermined,andtoneverbeafraidoffailure-thisistheadvicethattheywillneedtosucceedinrealizingtheirdreams."
Yamalsoacknowledgedhercolleague'ssupport,attheawardsceremony."This(award)notonlyrecognizesme,butmycolleaguesandstudentsandmycountry,China."
55.L'Oreal-UNESCOForWomeninScienceAwardsis.
A.anawardforthedevelopingworldB.equaltoWomen’
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