句子结构高三.docx
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句子结构高三.docx
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句子结构高三
句子结构
一、英语中的句子种类
(一)按句子的用途可分四种:
1.陈述句(肯定、否定):
Heissixyearsold.
Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.
2.疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):
Dotheylikeskating?
Howoldishe?
Ishesixorsevenyearsold?
Marycanswim,can’tshe?
3.祈使句:
Becareful,boys.
Don’ttalkinclass
4.感叹句:
Howclevertheboyis!
Whatfineweather(itistoday)!
(2)按句子的结构可分三种:
1.简单句:
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.
TomandMikeareAmericanboys.
Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.
2.并列句:
由并列连词(and/but/or等)或分号(;)或破折号(---)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.
Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
I’veneverseenanyonerunsofast---justwatchDavidgo.
3.复合句:
含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
包含:
1)名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、*同位语从句)
2)定语从句(限制性定从、非限制性定从)
3)状语从句(方式、地点、时间、条件、让步、原因、结果、目的、比较)
Idon'tknowwhyhedidn'tcome.
Thathewaslateagainmadetheteacherangry.
Thereasonforhisbeinglatewasthathewascaughtinthetrafficjam.
There'snodoubtthatheisareliableperson.
Thisisthefactorywherehisfatherworks.
HewasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity,whichmadeusamazed.
Thoughitwasraining,thegirlstillwentout.
TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.
MyfatherpromisedmethatifIpassedtheexamhewouldbuymeanIpad2.
Ahthoughwhathehaddonemadetheteacherangry,hestillwouldn’tchangehismind.
二、简单句的五种结构
1)S+Vi(+状语)Theyfailed(atlast)./Itisrainingheavily./He lives in London.
2)S+V(系)+PTheboywasinhisroomdrawing./The rose smells sweet./
Hermotherseemedtohaveknownthetruth.
3)S+Vt+O(+状语)Our team beat all the others./Wevisitedthefarmlastweek.
(Vi+介=Vt)Thesoldiersarrivedatthevillageintheevening./Ican'tagreewithyou.
4)S+Vt+O1+O2Mr. Li told us an interesting story. /Sheboughtawalletforherhusband.
Theteachershowedussomeoldmaps./Helenthisbiketome.
5)S+Vt+O+OcWeoftenhearhimsingintheroom.
(感官动词)Thegirlsawtheoldladyknockeddownbyacar.
(使役动词)Hewillhavehisbikerepairedthisafternoon.
Youshouldn'tleavethewaterrunningallthetime.
(建议命令类动词)Theywantedtheirdaughtertolearnthepiano.
(观点类动词)WefinditinterestingtolearnEnglish.
三、并列句标志及考点
1.定义:
由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。
2.标志:
并列连词;标点符号(分号;破折号)
3.分句之间的关系:
并列、递进、选择、转折、因果、其它。
4.并列连词:
and;but;or;otherwise;so;for(表推断性原因);
*when(=andatthis/thattime这/那时)*while(表对比“而,却”)
both…and…;neither…nor…;either…or…;not…but…;
notonly…butalso…;notonly…but…aswell;
5.考点:
1)倒装:
否定词位于句首时,
notonly…butalso…连接的两个分句,前倒后不倒;
neither…nor…连接的两个分句,均要倒装。
2)与非谓语动词作状语的区分:
(观察连词或标点)
_______(walk)alongthestreet,andyouwillfindthetheatre.
_______(walk)alongthestreet,youwillfindthetheatre.
3)与非限定从的区分:
(观察连词或标点或句子是否完整,确定选择关系词或者普通代词/副词)
关系代词/副词普通代词/副词
whohe/she/they
whomhim/her/them
whichit/that/this
whoseits/his/her/their
whenthen
wherethere/here
(1)Shehastwosons,bothof______aredoctors.
Shehastwosons,andbothof______aredoctors.
Shehastwosons;bothof______aredoctors.
(2)Inthemeetingroom,therearetables,_____youcansittherereading.
Inthemeetingroom,therearetables,_____youcansitreading.
(3)Shelivedinthehouse_______windowswerebroken.
and______windowswerebroken.
thewindows________werebroken.
(4)Hehasgonetocollege,______madeussurprised.
Hehasgonetocollegeand_____madeussurprised.
(5)Hismotherwasill;in_____casehehadtoaskforaleave.
Hismotherwasill,in_____casehehadtoaskforaleave.
(6)Icalledhimbythewrongname;for_____mistakeIapologized.
Icalledhimbythewrongname,for_____mistakeIapologized.
(7)Thebookwaswrittenin1946;since______theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.
Thebookwaswrittenin1946,since______theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.
(8)Hestoodbythewindow;from________hecouldseewhatwashappeningoutside.
Hestoodbythewindow,from________hecouldseewhatwashappeningoutside.
4)注意身兼并列连词与从属连词功能并且多义的when与while。
四、复合句通观
1.从句有引导词引导;(连接词/关系词/从属连词)
2.句与句之间为主句和从句关系:
从句+主句;主句+从句;从句镶嵌主句之中
3.从句分为三大类:
形容词性从句(即:
定语从句)、
名词性从句(即:
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)、
副词性从句(即:
状语从句)。
2.所有从句都用陈述语序。
练习:
划出下列从句并判断其类别:
1.WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting.
2.ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.
3.Whowillgoisnotimportant.
4.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.
5.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.
6.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.
7.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.
8.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.
9.Childasheis,heknowsalot.
10.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.
11.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.
12.I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.
13.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.
14.As(So)longasyouworkhard,youcancatchupwiththeotherclassmates
15.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
5.复合句考点:
1.)引导词的选择:
通读全句(看空前),判断从句类型
A.定语从句或名词性从句:
再判断从句缺什么成分(看空后)。
1)Weshoulddo______wecantoprotectwildlife.
Weshoulddoall______wecantoprotectwildlife.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.it
2)Whiledrivingthroughthecity,sheshowedmethebuilding____sheonceworked.
A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.where
3)Thedoctoradvisedmymothertolive_______theairisfresher.
A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where
4)Remembertoputthebook______itbelongs.
Remembertoputthebookat_____itbelongsto.
Remembertoreturnthebookto______itbelongsto.
A.inwhichB.whichC.whatD.whereE.Whom
B.状语从句:
根据语境判断主从句之间的逻辑关系。
(注意一些多义的从属连词如when/while/before/as)
Myfatherlikescomparingthesameproductsindifferentshops,_______hecouldbuybetterandcheaperproducts.A.EventhoughB.notuntilC.sothatD.asif
Scientistssaysitmaybefiveorsixyears_____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.
A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.When
_______Ireallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.
A.AsB.SinceC.IfD.While
2.)主从句时态呼应
1.I________(tell)herthegoodnewswhenshe________(come)back.
2.Ifit________(notrain),he_________(arrive)hereontime.
3.Heaskedwhenthey_________(go)tothepartythenextday.
4.MissGreensaidshe_________(be)toBeijingbefore.
5.Doyouknowwhenwe__________(have)afootballmatchthisterm?
6.Youknowhe___________(go)toShanghaialready.
7.Theteachertoldusthatlight__________(travel)fasterthansound.
8.WhenIwasastudent,myteacheroftentoldusthattimeandtide________(wait)fornoman.
9.He___________(work)atthefactorysincehe_________(come)here.
10.It_____(be)alongtimesincewe________(meet)last.
11.Whenhe______(get)there,thetrain__________(leave)
12.He_______(say)he__________(visit)theschoolbefore.
13.She_________(tell)meherfather_______(die)in1960.
14.Hesawtheboywhosemother______(be)ourteacher.
15.It______(be)notsohotyesterdayasit_____(be)today.
16.Hardly______we______(go)outwhenit________(begin)torain.
17.Nosooner______he______(get)onthebusthansomeone______(call)outhisname.
18.It/Thisisthefirsttimethattheboy__________(win)thefirstprizeinthespeechcontest.
19.It/Thatwasthebestfilm(that)I__________(see)before.
3.)主从句的语序:
A.从句均要用陈述语序:
HeaskedmewhatIwasthinkingabout.
He asked me what was the matter with me.
Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikewithoutmusic?
(*Whatwilllifebelikewithoutmusic?
)
Shelookssad.Couldyoupleasetellme____thatpreventsherfrombeingashappyasbefore?
A.whatitisB.whatisitC.whatitwasD.howwasit
B.含有特定条件状语从句的主句需倒装。
Onlywhenhearriveddidthemeetingbegan.
Hardlyhadwegoneoutwhenthetelephonerang.
Notuntilhermothercamebackdidthegirlgotobed.
Nosoonerhadtheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsthanthefilmbegan.
4.)主谓一致(主从、连接/关系代词作主语)
A.关系代词作主语时,定语从句谓语动词在人称和数方面与先行词保持一致;若非限定从指代整个主句内容时,从句谓语动词用单数形式。
①I,who_____(be)yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyou.
②Toownacomputerinfamilies,whichwethought_____(be)impossibletwentyyearsago,nowbecomestrue.
③Atruefriendwillsaysomewordsthat_____(be)niceandwarm.
④TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthat______(draw)lotsofvisitors.
⑤TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththat___(be)seenfromthemoon.
⑥LiDongisn’ttheonlyoneoftheboyswho______(be)fromthecountrysideinourclass.
⑦Britainisoneoftheonly3membersofEuropeanUnionthat_____(have)chosennottoreplacetheirowncurrencieswiththeeuro.
⑧HehasbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity,which_____(make)hisparentsquitehappy.
⑨Istillremembertheteachersandtheschoolthat_____(be)talkedofyesterdayevening.
B.主语从句做主语相当于单三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词仍用单数;由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用复数;而what引导的主语从句,谓语动词要视表语而定。
表语是单数名词时,谓语动词用单数;反之则用复数。
①When the meeting will begin _____(have) not been decided yet.
②Whenandwheretheywillholdtheconference_____(have)notbeendecided.
③When they will start and where they go ____(have) not been decided yet.
④WhatIamafraidof_____(be)theirtakinghimtoJapan.
⑤Whattheywanttoget_____(be)anumberofgoodbooks.
C.It引导的强调句结构中,无论所强调的是单数还是复数,都应用Itis/was。
如强调的是主语,that/who后的谓语要与主语一致。
①It’sthosestudentsthat/who_____(have)madesomanymistakes.
②Itisthecarelessdriverwho_____(be)toblame.
5.)从句的省略
1)名词性从句:
疑问词+不定式
Onemustlearnhowtolearnallbyoneself.=howhecanlearn...
Thequestioniswheretogetsuchacomputer.=wherewecan
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