高考英语语法填空.docx
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高考英语语法填空.docx
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高考英语语法填空
高考英语法填空试题
一、试题分析
广东高考语法填空试题要求考生阅读一篇短文,然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10项语法填空。
做题要求:
一是在空格处填入一个适当的词;二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
语法填空需要考生填入空格内的只能是一个词,而要求考生对括号内的词语变形的可能不止填入一个词,或许是两个甚至三个。
从词性来看,填入的一个词是虚词,而变形的是实词。
从近两年广东高考试题来看,需要填入一个词的题目多于要求运用词语变形的题目。
语法填空试题考查考生在篇章层面上理解并运用语法知识的能力,要求考生必须具备较全面的语法知识和较好的阅读和语法分析能力。
语法填空试题需要考生分析:
(一)句子结构的构成,即句子成分的构成。
(二)句子成分之间的一致性,例如:
主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致等。
(三)篇章和句子意义。
近两年广东高考语法填空对动词形式的考查、复合句的考查、介词的考查、构词法的考查以及代词的考查等比较重视。
另外,语法填空的短文字数在180—200之间,2007年题材是记叙文,2008年则是夹叙夹议类。
短文的取材不偏不怪,贴近中学生生活。
二、解题必备能力
(一)语法专项过关
2008年高考英语广东卷语法填空题:
ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’dailylife.___31_ theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop___32___(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.
Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960-1279)wasveryanxioustohelp__33___ricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout___34__dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.
Oneday,hecameupwithanidea__35___hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.
Hewasverytired__36__doingthisforawholeday,__37__hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid"grow"__38__(high).
Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.
Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir__39__(nature)course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften__40__(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.
【标准答案】31-40Behind; tohelp; his; this; that;after;but; higher;natural;results
高考考试说明列出了24个语法项目,考生要分项逐一过关,不留盲点。
而动词的时态语态、非谓语动词以及复合句,是高考的必考点,因此要对相关语法知识熟练掌握。
例如:
动词时态的结构形式、不定式和分词的用法区别等。
2008年高考语法填空试题中的“pluckingupacrop 32 (help)itgrow”,因为不懂“tohelpitgrow”是“pluckingupacrop”的目的,许多考生不知道使用动词不定式。
而在“Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften 40 (result)inthecontrarytoourintention.”这个句子中,因为不知道“Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop”就是句子的主语,不少考生不知道使用“results”这一谓语形式。
再如对长句的结构分析,2007年高考试题中“Hewasverytired 36 doingthisforawholeday, 37 hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid‘grow’ 38 (high).”一个句子中有三个考点,其中两个考点分布在两个并列分句中,还有一个考点考查并列句的转折关系。
在2007年高考试题中“Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto 32 shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme 33 aguestintheirhouse.”“Whileshewasgettingme 34 (settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomyCartopullitto 35 smalltownsome20kilometresaway 36 therewasagarage.”这两个句子的结构非常复杂,难倒了不少考生。
第一句的主干是“Iwaswonderingwhere1wasgoingtospendthenight”,后接when引导的并列句(when意为“就在这时”),而这个并列句中又有一个由that引导的宾语从句,而宾语从句中又有一个由who引导的定语从句来修饰villagers。
这个宾语从句中还有复合介词asto(至于)后接的宾语从句。
第二句的主干是“theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorse”,前面是一个由while引导的时间状语从句,主句中还有一个定语从句“therewasagarage”需要用where来引导。
(二)熟悉词语的结构和搭配
1.动词和介词(副词)的搭配
2008年高考试题“Hewasverytired 36 doingthis”中,“betiredfrom”是“因为……劳累”的意思。
多数考生对“betiredof”(厌倦于……)熟悉,而填错介词。
2.动词和名词的搭配
2008年高考试题“thetroubleIhadcaused 40 ”中的cause,不少考生不熟悉“causesomebodysomething”这一搭配,也就是动词后接双宾语的结构,因而填不出“her”这一正确答案。
cause的这一用法又如:
Ihopethechildrenhaven’tcausedyoutoomuchtrouble.
三、应试策略
(一)通读全文
语法填空是在语言运用中考查语法知识,因此解题的前提是阅读理解能力要过关,要能读懂短文大意。
拿到试题后,先把握短文的大意,对事件发生的时间、地点、人物弄清楚后,然后再逐个解题。
(二)理清考点
语法填空的考点相对稳定,因此要理清短文的10个考点,知道哪些考点在哪些小题中得到体现。
比如,10个空格中还剩下几个难以确定,就要结合上下文,看哪些知识点已经考查,哪些还没有。
(三)复读检查
最后检查时,心中要有考点意识,即10个考点分别分布在哪些知识点之上。
如果10个空格中没有考到一个介词或者冠词,说明有的小题答案肯定不正确,还要通过对全文和句子的分析进一步敲定答案。
1
IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme33aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35smalltownsome20kilometresaway36therewasagarage.
Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess'scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.37villagersbroughtmegoat'scheeseandhone.Wedranktogetherandtalked38(merry)tillfarintothenight.
Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman39thetroubleIhadcaused40.2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)
2
Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfamilytoteachtheirchildrentoberesponsibleforhousework,_____31withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,youreallycangetyourchildrentohelpathome.
Ifyougiveyourchildrenthe32(impress)thattheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,thentheywillregard33asunfitorunablepersons.34childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.
MydaughterCarla’sfifthgradeteachermadeeverychildinherclass35(feel)special.Whenstudentsreceivedlessthanaperfecttestscore,shewouldpointout36theyhadmasteredanddeclaredfirmlytheycouldlearnwhattheyhadmissed.
Youcanseethesametechniquewhenyouevaluateyour37workathome.Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraise38.Talkaboutwhathehasdoneright,notaboutwhathehasn’tdone.Ifyourchildcompletesadifficulttask,rewardhim39aSundaytriporaballgamewithDad.Learningisaprocessoftryingandfailingandtryingand40.Ifyouteachyourchildrennottofearamistakeoffailure,theywilllearnfasterandachievesuccessatlast.
3.
A9-year-oldgirlwithapacemaker(起博器),31diedearlytoday,wassufferingshakesona citybuswhenadriverrefusedtotakehertoanearbyhospital,witnesses(目击者)said.
OfficialsoftheChicagoTransitAuthoritysaidtheywereinvestigating.Thechild,Nicole Hobson,32(take)byhermothertoChildren'sMemorialHospitalabout11p.m.,Wednesdayto checkher33(recent)inserted(插入)pacemaker.
Thechildwasstrickenaboutamileaway34thehospital.Hermother,MayHobson,40,said, "Itoldthebusdriverthatmybabyhadjusthadheartoperationandthatshewashaving35heartfailure.Hesaidhecouldn'tgothroughthetraffic."
WhenCarettson,29,apassenger,wastryingtobring36Nicole'slife,thedriverdid37tohelpandevenstoppedoncetopicktipmore38.
Whenthedriverreachedacomer39hewastomakeaturn,ablockfromthehospital,hetoldMrs.Hobsontogetoft;shesaid.
Atransitspokesmansaidthedrivershould40(make)radiocalltothecontrolcenterforhelp.
4.
Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfamilytoteachtheirchildrentoberesponsibleforhousework,31withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,youreallycangetyourchildrentohelpathome.
Ifyougiveyourchildrenthe32(impress)thattheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,thentheywillregard33asunfitorunablepersons.34childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.
MydaughterCarla’sfifthgradeteachergoteverychildinherclass35(feel)special.Whenstudentsreceivedlessthanaperfecttestscore,shewouldpointout36theyhadmasteredanddeclaredfirmlytheycouldlearnwhattheyhadmissed.
Youcanseethesametechniquewhenyouevaluateyour37workathome.Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraise38.Talkaboutwhathehasdoneright,notaboutwhathehasn’tdone.Ifyourchildcompletesadifficulttask,rewardhim39aSundaytriporaballgamewithDad.Learningisaprocessoftryingandfailingandtryingand40.Ifyouteachyourchildrennottofearamistakeoffailure,theywilllearnfasterandachievesuccessatlast.
5.
TheEnglishlanguagegrewoutofthelanguagesoftheAngles,Saxons,andJutes.TheywereNorthernEuropeanpeopleswhosettledinEngland31(start)inthe5thcenturyAD.Byaboutthe9thcenturyADtheearliestversionoftheEnglishlanguage,32asOldEnglish,orAnglo–Saxon,haddeveloped.Toamoderneye,OldEnglishlookslikeaforeignlanguage.However,themajorworksofOldEnglishliteraturehavebeentranslatedinto33English.
Mostscholarsagreethatthelongestsurvivingpoem34OldEnglishisBeowulf,ataleoflegendaryheroesandmonsters.ItisalsooneofthefirstEuropeanpoemswritteninalocallanguage35thanLatin.Theauthor’snameisnotknown.ThefirstOldEnglishpoetwhoisknownbynameisCaedmon.Caedmonwasacowherdwholivedbeforetheyear700.Hisverses(诗文)were36onBiblestoriesandhadtobewrittendownbyothers37Caedmonhimselfcouldnotreadorwrite.Cynewulf,wholivedinthe800s,was38authorofreligiouspoetry.
Lateinthe800s,thescholarlykingAlfredtheGreatandmanyhelperstranslatedimportantbooksfromLatin39English.ItwasunderAlfred40theAnglo–SaxonChronicle,animportantrecordoftheearlyhistoryofEngland,wasbegun.
6.
MoststudentsdoanIQtextearlyintheirschoolcareer.Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeelthattheirIQis31determineshowwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoing32thanthem,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshave33higherIQand34thereisnothingtheycandotochangefacts.However,newresearch35EQsuggeststhatsuccessisnotsimplyresultofahighIQ.
WhileyourIQtellsyouhow36(intelligence)youare,yourEQtellsyouhowwellyouuseyourintelligence.ProfessorSalovery,37inventedthetermEQ,givesthefollowingdescription
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