职称英语等级考试试题及答案解析理工类B级.docx

职称英语等级考试试题及答案解析理工类B级.docx

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职称英语等级考试试题及答案解析理工类B级

2009年职称英语等级考试试题及答案解析理工类（B级）

第1部分：

词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为

接近的选项。

1Wouldyoupleasecallmyhusbandassoonaspossible?

AphoneBvisit

CconsultDinvite

2Wehadalongconversationaboutherparents

AspeechBquestion

CdebateDtaIk

3Thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting

AstatedBannounced

CsuggestedDdemanded

4Obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.

AdependedonBlivedon

CbelievedinDjoinedin

5ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathlete—breaksarecord

AmaintainsBbeats

CmatchesDtries

6Allthepupilsseemtobeverycheerful.

AhealthyBhappy

CnaughtyDbusy

7Thetraditionalpaintingsareexhibitedonthesecondfloor

AdisplayedBlaid

CkeptDstored

8Shestoodthere，shakingwithfury.

AmiseryBlaughter

CcryDanger

9MaryevidentlyisthemostdiligentstudentamongUS

AintelligentBbeautiful

ChardworkingDtalkative

10PersistentattemptstointerviewGarbowerefruitless．

AForcefulBReasonable

CFjmlDContinuous

11Whycan’tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?

AlongBeverlasting

CtemporaryDboring

12Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheeadhquake

AdanlagedBshaken

cfallenDjumped

13Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

AfaithfulBroyal

CsincereDgenuine

14Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics

Asimp]icityBattraction

CpowerDrigor

15Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle

AmistBfog

CsecretDmystery

第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句于，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提

供的是正确信息，请选择A：

如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B：

如果该句的信息文中

没有提及，请选择C。

RadiocarbonDating

Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalled

radiocarbon（放射性碳），orcarbon-14；datingOnekeytounderstandinghowandwhysomething

happenedistodiscoverwhenithappenedRadiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sby

physicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicagoAnatomofordinarycarbon，calledcarbon-12，has

sixprotons（质子）andsixneutrons（中子）initsnucleus.Carbon-14，orC-14．isaradioacliveunstable

formofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons（原子核）itreturnstoamorestablefromofcarbonthrougha

processcalleddecay（衰减）Thisprocessinvolvesthelossoftheextraneutronsandenergyfromthe

nucleus

InLibby’sradiocarbondatingtechnique，theweakradioactiveemissions（放射）fromthisdecay

processerecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounterthedecayrateisusedto

determinetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.

Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth’satmospherewhennitrog氮en）（-14,orN-14,interactswithcosmic

rays（宇宙射线）.ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformedtheamountofnitrogenintheatmosphere

hasremainedconstant.ConsequentlyC-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.Nowtheratio

ofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisradioisuseful

fordatingitemsbacktoatleast50.000years.

AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules（分子）thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromthe

atmosphere.SoaIllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheir

tissues（组织）.Onceanorganism（有机体）diesitstopstakingincarboninanyform，andtheC-14already

presentbeginstodecay．OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreases，andtheratioofC-14

toothercarbonatomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating，thefewerC-14atomsinasamplethe

olderthatsampleis

16Nowadaysmanyscientistsdepend013radiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon

ARightBWrongcNotmentioned

20Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50．000years

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21TheC-14inanorganismbeginstodecaywhenitdies

ARight日WrongCNotmentioned

22Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25．000years

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

Chimpanzees

1Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）.Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息

地）destructioncontinues，thenwithin20years，therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewildButthisis

morethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲剧）Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofound

implications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives—humanbeings

2lnl975thebiologistMade-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzee

genomes（基因组）matchbyover98％Comparethistothemouse．usedasmodelforhumandiseasein

labtests，whichsharesonly60％ofitsDNAwithusinfactchimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumans

thantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkeyAswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighly

intelligentandabletousetootsThesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsan

urgentpriority（优先）.Butthereisanother，moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp

3Thechimpanzees’trumpcard王（牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesareso

similartohumansthatvetednarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.

Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular,chimpsaremuchmore

resistanttoanumberofmajordiseasesItisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

4Forexample，chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV,theviresthat

causesAIDS.Indeed，theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyare

soresistant.

5Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNA

sequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegenetic

codegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This，theyhope，willallowthemto

developnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatments

couldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.

Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwell

withinourreach.

23Paragraphl________

24Paragraph2________

25Paragraph3________

26Paragraph4________

AGeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumans

BReasonsforHIVresistance

CImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

DEffectiveAIDStreatment

EGeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

FChimps’resistancetoHIV

27Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect________

28Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2％betweenthechimpand________

29Scientistssuspectthatgenesplayasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting________

30Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto________

Ahealthierlifestyle

Bsomehumandiseasetreatments

Csomediseases

Dhumansurvival

Ehumangenomes

Fkeyareas

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文．每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项

第一篇Water

Thesecondmostimportantconstituent（构成成份）ofthebiosphere（生物圈）isliquidwaterThiscan

onlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures，sincewaterfreezesat100Candboilsat100CLifeaswe

knowitwouldonlybepossibleonthesurfaceofaplanetwhichhadtemperaturessomewherewithinthis

narrowrange.

Theearth’ssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsfairlyconstantinquantity．Thetotalquantityofwateris

notknownveryaccurately,butitisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepthofabouttwo

andthree-quarterkilometersMostofitisintheformofthesaltwateroftheoceans—about97percent.

Therestisfresh．Butthree-quartersofthisisinthefomoficeatthePolesandonmountainsandcannot

beusedbylivingsystemsuntilmelted.Oftheremainingfraction，whichissomewhatlessthanone

percentofthewhole．thereis10—20timesasmuchstoredundergroundwaterasthereisactuallyonthe

surfaceThereisalsoatiny,butextremelyimportantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswater

vapourintheatmosphere

Watervapourintheatmosphereisthechannelthroughwhichthewholewatercirculation（循环）ofthe

biospherehastopassWaterevaporated（蒸发）fromthesurfaceoftheoceans，fromlakesandriversand

frommoist（潮湿的）earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainorsnow，fallingoneither

theseaortheland.Thereis，asmightbeexpecte,amoreintensiveevaporationperunitareaoverthe

seaandoceansthanovertheIand，butthereIsmorerainfallovertheIandthanovertheoceansandthe

balanceisrestoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformofrivers

31Liquidwateronlyexists

Ainthecenteroftheearth

Bonthesurfaceofourplanet

Cinthecoastalareasoftheearth

Dinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures

32ThetotalquantityofwateronEarth

Ahasgreatlyincreasedinrecentyears

Bremainsalmostunchanged

Cisdecreasingconstantly

Disaffectedbyglobalwarming

33MostofthefreshwateronEarth

AisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains

Bisstoredunderground

Cisfoundinriversandlakes

Dcomesfromtherain

34Theword―fraction‖inthesecondparagraphmeans

Aalargearea

Baverysmallamount

Canimportantsystem

Damajorsourceofinformatien

35Thereismoreofrainfall

Aoverthemountainsthanoverthedyers

Bovertheriversthanoverthemountains

Coverthelandthanovertheoceans

Dover