英语考研模拟题五与精析.docx
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英语考研模拟题五与精析.docx
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英语考研模拟题五与精析
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon
ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
SomecallittheSmartShooter,anewrifleforAmericaninfantrytroopsthatistwoweaponsinone,isaccurate
upto1,000yardsandin1fires2corners.Itsmessagetoenemiesisthattheycanrunbuttheycan'thide.
Stillinthedevelopmentphase,theriflefor2006hasjustbeen3offwithgreat4bythePentagontomembers
ofCongresswhowillbeaskedto5themoney.Themakers,AlliantTechsystems,saythattheweaponwillrevolutionize6combatmuchasthemachinegun.
Pentagonjargonhasgiventhenewguna(an)7title:
theObjectiveIndividualCombatWeapon.8onetrigger,
theriflecanfireastandard5-56mmNatobulletanda20mmhighexplosiveshellthatwillburstintheair.Itcan9shrapnelbehind,10orevenfromthesideofenemytroopswhohavetaken11behindabuilding.Theshellcanbe12toexplodeafterashortdelay.Theweapon's1,000yardaccuracyistwice13ofotherrifles,madepossiblebyalasersystembuiltintothesight.Thisrangefinderfixesthetarget,measuresthedistanceandpassesitalongtoacomputerchipintheshell.
Thegunsighthasaninfraredlensfornight14.Itcanalsohavevideocamerawithazoomlensthatislinkedtoavideodisplayattachedtothesoldier'shelmet,allowinghimtoaim15withoutexposinghimselftoenemyreturnfire.
Buttherearesnagsstillbe16out.Twomenwere17whenashellburstinabarrelduringfiringtests.Therifleweighsmorethan181b.Therearequestionswhetheritselectronicinnardswillberuggedenoughforrain,snowand
difficult18.
MichaelKlare,aprofessorofpeaceandworldsecurityissuesandaboardmemberoftheArmsControl
Association,saysthatthePentagonisseekingthiscombinationoffirepowerandautomationtocompensateforthe
uncertain
aimofGIs.Hesaid:
"Soldierswon't
havetoworry
aboutcarefulsteadyaim.They'lljustlook19the
viewfinderand20thetrigger."
1
reality
Baffect
Ceffect
Doperation
2
B
C
D
3
B
C
D
4
B
C
D
5
B
C
D
来源:
6
Bbrilliant
C
D
8
B
C
D
9
B
C
D
10
B
C
D
11
B
C
D
12
B
C
D
13
B
C
D
14
B
C
D
15
B
C
D
16
B
C
D
17
B
C
D
18
B
C
D
19
B
C
D
20
B
C
D
Section
ⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour
answersonANSWERSHEET1
Text1
Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersonthe
roadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehind
thewheel.Itisallvery
well,again,tohaveatiger
inthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Y
oumight
toleratetheoddroad-hog,
therudeandinconsideratedrive,butnowadaysthewellmen
nearedmotorististhe
exceptiontotherule.
Perhapsthesituationcalls
fora"BekindtoOtherDrivers"campaign,otherwiseit
mayget
completelyoutofhand.
Roadpolitenessis
notonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthe
mostcool-headedand
good-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptation
torevengewhensubjectedtouncivilized
behavior.Ontheother
hand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowards
relievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendly
nodorawaveof
acknowledgementin
responsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwill
andtoleranceso
necessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.
However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.
Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan'tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregiveandtakefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.
21
A
B
icjams.
C
D
22
A
B
l-headedandgood-temperedpersonality
C
D
23
A
atanytimetheywant.
B
C
motoristdrivingintotrafficstreamswithoutconsideringothers.
D
24
ingtotheexperts,facingthecar-ownershipexplosion,weshould.
A
B
C来源:
D
25thor'sattitudetowardsroadpolitenessseemstobe.
ABCD
Text2
Inthewarmenclosedwatersoffarmponds,conditionsareverylikelytobelethalforfishwheninsecticides
areappliedinthevicinity.Asmanyexamplesshow,thepoisoniscarriedinbyrainsandrunofffromsurrounding
lands.Sometimesthepondsreceivenotonlycontaminatedrunoffbutalsoadirectdoseasropdustingpilotsneglecttoshutoffthedusterinpassingoverapond.Evenwithoutsuchcomplications,normalagriculturalusesubjectsfishtofarheavierconcentrationsofchemicalsthanwouldberequiretokillthem.Inotherwordsamarkedreductionin
theenclosurenetsusedwouldhardlychangethelethalsituation,forapplicationsofover0.1poundperacretothe
ponditselfaregenerallyconsideredhazardous.Andthepoison,onceintroducedishardtogetridof.OnepondthathasbeentreatedwithDDT(杀虫剂)toremoveunwantedshinersremainedpoisonousthroughrepeateddrainingsandflushingsthatitkilled94percentofthesunfishwithwhichitwaslaterstocked.Apparentlythechemicalremainedinthemudofthepondbottom.
Conditionsareevidentlynobetternowthanwhenthemoderninsecticidesfirstcameintouse.TheOklahoma
WildlifeConservationDepartmentstatedin1961thatreportsoffishlossesinfarmpondsandsmalllakeshadbeencominginattherateofatleastoneaweek,andthatsuchreportswereincreasing.TheconditionsusuallyresponsiblefortheselossesinOklahomawerethosemadefamiliarbyrepetitionovertheyears:
theapplicationofinsecticidestocrops,heavyrain,andpoisonwashedintotheponds.
Insomepartsoftheworldthecultivationoffishinpondsprovidesanindispensablesourceoffood.Insuch
placestheuseofinsecticideswithoutregardfortheeffectsoffishcreatesimmediateproblems.InRhodesia,for
example,theyoungofanimportantAfricanfoodfisharekilledbyexposuretoonly0.04partspermillionofDDTinshallowpools.Evensmallerdosesofmanyotherinsecticideswouldbelethal.Theshallowwatersinwhichthesefishlivearefavorablemosquito-breedingplaces.TheproblemofcontrollingmosquitoesandatthesametimeconservingafishimportantintheCentralAfricandiethasobviouslynotbeensolvedsatisfactorily.
26.Theauthor'stoneinthispassagecanbebestdescribedas.
AB
CD
27.Accordingtothepassage,theonefactorthatisnotresponsibleforthepresenceofinsecticidesinpondsis.
A
weatherbringinginrains
B
-dusting
C
D
28.TheauthorusesthecaseoftheRhodesianfishinorderto.
29.Inthispassage,whattheauthordoesnotdois.
AB
CtionD
30.Thelastsentenceofthispassagemeansthat.
A
B
C
swillhavenofishtoeatifthisfishcan'tbeprotectedproperly
D
Text3
Theterm"jointinternationalbusinessventure",jointventureforshort,hascometomeanmanythingstomany
people.Itsometimesistakentomeananyjointrelationshipbetweenoneormoreforeignfirmsandoneormorelocal
firms.Suchabroaddefinitionisexcludedhere.Jointventurewillbetakentomeanjointownershipofanoperation
in
whichatleastoneofthepartnersisforeignbased.
Jointventurescantakemanyforms.Aforeignfirmmaytakeamajorityshare,aminorityshare,oranequal
shareinownership.Whileitisnotnecessarytohavefinancialcontrolortohaveoperatingcontrol,somefirmsrefuse
tousethejointventure
formifitisnotpossibletohaveamajoritypositioninownership.Therearefirmsthathave
fewqualmsaboutholdingminorityposition,however,solongastheycanhaveoperatingcontrol.Theyachievethis
throughtechnical-aid,management,orsupplycontracts.
Itshouldberecognizedthatmaintainingoperatingcontrolissometimesdifficultifonedoesnothavefinancial
control
too.Objectives
of
theparticipantsmay
diverge;
when
they
do,financial
control
becomesimportant.
Managementmaywish
to
reinvestearningswhilethemajority
of
the
boardmay
wishearningsdistributed
as
dividends.Unlesspolicyissuesofthiskindcanbesettledamicably,
lackoffinancialcontrolcanprovetobevery
unsatisfactory,ifnotfatal.
Manyjointventures
emergeasmattersof
necessity:
thatis,
nosinglefirmiswilling
toassumetherisks
entailed,whileaconsortiumoffirmsis.Large,c
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