计算机专业英语课后答案清华大学出版社第二版.docx
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计算机专业英语课后答案清华大学出版社第二版.docx
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计算机专业英语课后答案清华大学出版社第二版
第1章Computersystemoverview(操作系统概述)
I.Pre-readingQuestions
1.Whatisadigitalcomputer?
Thedigitalcomputerisadigitalsystemthatperformsvariouscomputationaltasks.Theword“digital”impliesthattheinformationinthecomputerisrepresentedbyvariablesthattakealimitednumberofdiscretevalues.Thesevaluesareprocessedinternallybycomponentsthatcanmaintainalimitednumberofdiscretestates.Digitalcomputerisalsocalledelectroniccomputerorcomputer.
2.Arethereanydifferencesbetweenthebinarynumbersystemandthecommondecimalnumbersystem?
Thedecimaldigitshastendigits:
0,1,2,…,and9.Thebinarynumbersystemhastwodigits:
0and1.Thebinarynumbersuseabase2.Thedecimaldigitsuseabase10.
3.Howmanytypesofcomputersdoyouknow?
Nameatleastfourofthem.
Computersareusuallyclassifiedintofourbroadcategories:
microcomputers,minicomputers,mainframecomputersandsupercomputers.
IIFillinthefollowingblanks.
1.Applicationsoftwareisdesignedtoaccomplishreal-worldtasksinfields.
2.An8-bitsignedintegercanhaveanyvaluebetween-128and127
3.Systemsoftwarecontrolsthecomputerandenablesittorunthehardwareandapplicationssoftware.
4.Acomputersystemconsistsofhardwaresystemandsoftwaresystem.
5.Listfourtypesofcomputers:
microcomputers,minicomputers,mainframecomputers,andsupercomputers.
IIITrueorFalse.
1.Thesoftwaresystemisthephysicalequipmentthatyoucanseeandtouch.1.F
2.Typically,adatavalueissettozerotorepresentFALSEand1valueforTRUE.2.F
3.Intheearliestgeneral-purposecomputer,mostinputandoutputmediaweremagneticdisks.3.F
4.Supercomputersarelargest,fastest,andmostexpensivecomputeravailable.4.T
5.Acomputersystemconsistsofhardwaresystemandsoftwaresystem.5.TIVMatchingterms.
1、(b)CPUTheprocessingunitisattheheartofacomputer.
2、(c)bitAunitofinformationconveyedbyasinglebinarydigit.
3、(a)integratedcircuit(IC)Acompleteelectroniccircuitthatpackagestransistorsandotherelectroniccomponentsonasmallsiliconchip.
4、(d)ASCIIAsystemforencodingcharactersasbinarydigits.
VTranslatingTerms.
(1)codingtechniques编码技术
(2)applicationsoftware应用软件
(3)floatingpointdata浮点数据
(4)timesharing分时,分时技术
(5)storagecapacities存储容量
VIChoosethebestoneofthefouranswersgiventofillineachblank.
Thischapterintroducesdigitalcomputer,datatypes,theevolutionofcomputers,andtypesofcomputers.1isknowntoall,it’shardtofindafieldin2computersarenotbeingused.Digitalcomputer,alsocalledelectroniccomputerorcomputer,isadigitalsystemthat3variouscomputationaltasks.Digitalcomputersusethe4numbersystem,whichhastwodigits:
0and1.Byusingvariouscoding5,groupsofbitscanbemadetorepresentnotonlybinarynumbers6otherdiscretesymbols,suchasdecimaldigitsorlettersofthealphabet.Acomputersystemconsistsofhardwaresystemandsoftwaresystem.Programstellthehardwarewhattodo.7softwareisdesignedtoaccomplishreal-worldtasksinfieldssuchasaccounting,entertainment,andengineering.Computersareusually8intofourbroadcategories:
microcomputers,minicomputers,mainframecomputers,andsupercomputers.It’shardtogivea9definitiontoeachtypebecausecomputerspeedsandstorage10changerapidly.
1.A.AsB.ItC.AsitD.That
2.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when
3.A.performsB.carriesC.makesD.integrates
4.A.decimalB.binaryC.ArabianD.American
5.A.techniqueB.TechnologyC.techniquesD.technologies
6.A.insteadofB.ratherthanC.butalsoD.aswell
7.A.ApplicationB.SystemC.WordD.Excel
8.A.putB.madeC.conductedD.classified
9.A.preciousB.progressC.proceedingD.precise
10.A.capacitiesB.capableC.capabilitiesD.capacity
1.A2.B3.A4.B5.C
6.C7.A8.D9.D10.C
VII.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
1.Byusingvariouscodingtechniques,groupsofbitscanbemadetorepresentnotonlybinarynumbersbutalsootherdiscretesymbols.
通过应用各种编码技术。
一组二进制不但可以表示二进制数据,而且还可以表示其他离散符号,如十进制数字或字母表中的字母。
2.Systemsoftwareincludesnotonlythecomplexprogramsusedbytechnicianstocreateapplicationsoftwareinthefirstplacebutalsotheorganizationalprogramsneededtostartupthecomputerandgovernitsuseofotherprograms.另一方面,系统软件控制计算机系统,它不仅包括专业人员用于创建应用软件的复杂程序,而且还包括用于启动计算机和提供给其它程序使用的管理程序。
3.Dataarenumbersandotherbinary-codeinformationthatareoperatedontoachieverequiredcomputationalresults.数据是数字和其他二进制代码信息,这些二进制代码信息是可操作并能满足要求的计算机结果。
4.4.Ratherthanarithmeticallyorlogicallymanipulatingcharacters,acomputermayconcatenatestringsofcharacters,replacesomecharacterswithothers,orotherwisemanipulatecharacterstrings.计算机能将若干字符连成串,而不是用算术方法或逻辑方法处理字符,用串代替其它字符或另行处理字符串。
5.Softwareapplicationslikewordprocessing,electronicspreadsheets,databasemanagementprograms,paintinganddrawingprograms,desktoppublishing,andsoforthbecamecommerciallyavailable,givingmorepeoplereasonstouseacomputer.软件应用像文字处理、电子表格、数据库管理程序、画图程序及桌面印刷等等起到一定的商业效力,使更多的人去使用计算机。
第2章ComputerSystemOrganization
I.Pre-readingQuestions
1.Whatisacomputersystem?
Acomputersystemconsistsofhardwaresystemandsoftwaresystem.Thehardwareofthecomputerisusuallydividedintothreemajorpartsorthreeprimarysubsystems:
theCPU,thememorysubsystem,andtheI/Osubsystem.Thesoftwaresystemcanbedividedintotwobroadcategories:
applicationsoftwareandsystemsoftware..
2.Howmanylevelsofmemoryhierarchydoyouknow?
Nameatleastthreeofthem.
Thememoryhierarchysystemconsistsofthreelevels.Theyareacache,themainmemoryandtheauxiliarymemory.
3.Identifythetypesofdatatransfermodes.
Datatransferhasthreemodes:
programmedI/O,interrupts,anddirectmemoryaccess(DMA).
IIFillinthefollowingblanks.
1.ThecomputerhardwareconsistsofthreemajorpartswhicharetheCPU,thememorysubsystem,andtheI/Osubsystem.
2.Therearetwomajortypesofmemory:
RandomAccessMemory(RAM)andReadOnlyMemory(ROM).
3.ThecachememoryinpersonalcomputersisconstructedfromSRAM
4.input-outputinterface(I/Ointerface)providesamethodfortransferringinformationbetweeninternalstorageandexternalI/Odevices.
5.DatatransferbetweenthecentralcomputerandI/Odevicesmaybehandledinavarietyofmodes.ThesemodesareprogrammedI/O,interrupts,anddirectmemoryaccess(DMA).
III TrueorFalse.
1.F ThedatabusalwaysreceivesdatafromtheCPU,andtheCPUneverreadsthedatabus.
2.T MainmemoryholdswhateverprogramsanddataareavailableforimmediateusebytheCPU.
3.F DynamicRAMdoesnothavetoberefreshed.
4.F Dot-matrixprinterworkbysquirtingtinydropletsofliquidinkatthepaper.
5.F Theauxiliarymemoryisverysmall,relativelyexpensive,andhasveryhighaccessspeed.
IVMatchingterms.
1、E2PROManelectricallyerasablePROM
2、DMAAtransfermodethatcanbeimprovedisthetransferofdatabetweenmemoryandI/Odevices.
3、ALUTheunitwhichperformsmostarithmeticandlogicaloperations
4、RAMMemorythatiserasedwhenthecomputeristurnedoff.
V.TranslatingTerms.
1.systembuses系统总线
2.virtualmemory虚拟存储器
3.computerarchitecture计算机体系结构
4.instructionset指令集
5.directmemoryaccess直接存储器存取
VI.Choosethebestoneofthefouranswersgiventofillineachblank.
Acomputersystem1ofhardwaresystemandsoftwaresystem.Thehardwareofthecomputerisusuallydividedintothreemajorpartsorthree2subsystems:
theCPU,thememorysubsystem,andtheI/O3.TheCPUismadeupofthreemajorparts,RegisterSet,the4logicunit,orALU,andControlUnit.Itperformsmanyoperationsandcontrolscomputer.Memoryisalsoknownas5memoryormainmemory,whichiscatalogedintotwomajortypesofmemory:
RandomAccessMemory(RAM)andReadOnlyMemory(ROM).Itreferstothe6inthecomputerthatholdwhateverprogramsanddataareavailable7immediateusebytheCPU,alongwiththeprogram’sdata.Computersystemsincludespecialhardware8betweentheCPUandperipheralstosuperviseandsynchronizeallinputandoutputtransfers.Thesecomponentsarecalled9unitsbecausetheyinterfacebetweentheprocessorbusandtheperipheraldevice.TheI/OsubsystemallowstheCPUto10withinputandoutputdevices.
1.A.ConsistsB.makesupC.ConstitutesD.comprise
2.A.premierB.PrimaryC.preliminaryD.elementary
3.A.systemB.machineC.subsystemD.device
4.A.mathematicB.authorativeC.ArithmeticD.authoritative
5.A.externalB.exteriorC.InteriorD.internal
6.A.circuitsB.wiresC.linesD.hardware
7.A.byB.forC.withD.in
8.A.softwareB.settingC.listingD.components
9.A.singularB.dualC.interfaceD.compact
10.A.handleB.interactC.respondD.link
1.A2.B3.C4.C5.D
6.A7.B8.D9.C10.B
VIITranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
1.Byassertingtheseinternalandexternalcontrolsignalsinthepropersequence,thecontrolunitcausestheCPUandtherestofthecomputertoperformtheoperationneededtocorrectlyprocessinstructions.
为了保证内部和外部控制信号的序列正确,控制单元保证CPU和计算机的其他部件提供需要正确执行的指令操作。
2.Inacomputerwithvirtualmemory,less-usedpartsofprogramsareshiftedfromRAMtoaharddiskandaremovedbackonlywhenneeded.
在使用了虚拟存储器的计算机中,很少使用的程序从RAM被移到硬盘中,仅当需要时才被移回来。
3.Atechniqueusedtocompensateforthemismatchinoperatingspeedsistoemployanextremelyfast,smallcachebetweentheCPUandmainmemorywhoseaccesstimeisclosetoprocessorlogicclockcycletime.
为了弥补操作速度的不匹配,在CPU和主存之间采用非常快的小缓存,它的存取时间接近于处理器的逻辑时钟周期。
4.Thedatatransf
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