非谓语动词讲解超全超实用之欧阳生创编.docx
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非谓语动词讲解超全超实用之欧阳生创编.docx
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非谓语动词讲解超全超实用之欧阳生创编
非谓语动词讲解
时间:
2021.02.08
创作人:
欧阳生
非谓语动词:
a.动词不定式b.v-ingc.过去分词
概述:
1.谓语动词:
在句子中担任谓语的动词
2.非谓语动词:
是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分
非谓语动词使用条件
一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。
Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.
Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.
动词不定式
一.动词不定式的时态和被动形式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。
不定式的形式有五种:
1.一般式todoIliketoreadEnglish.
2.进行式tobedoingHeseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.
3.完成式tohavedoneHeseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.
4.被动式tobedoneTheworkistobedonesoon.
5.完成被动式tohavebeendone
Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.
疑问词+动词不定式
What,who,which,where,when,how,why等疑问词构成不定式短语,这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。
二.动词不定式的用法
I.作主语
(1)不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
Toseeistobelieve.
Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.
(2)注:
常用it做形式主语,将todo位于之后,使句子保持平衡。
句型1:
It+谓语+(+sb.)+时间/金钱+todo
Ittakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.
Itcostsyouonly$100amonthtocookathome.
Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.
句型2:
It’s+n.(+forsb)+todo
It’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.
Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthecountryside..
Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.
句型3:
Itis+adj(+forsb)todosth(是形容事物的性质的)
Itis+adj(+ofsb)todosth(是形容人的品质的)
Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.
Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.
It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.
疑问词+不定式作主语
Whentostartremainsundecided.
1.Itiseasytogettherebybusortaxi.
2.Ittakesabout3hourstoseeallthebirds.
3.Itisalsoimpolitetospeakwithyourmouthfullwhenyouareeating.
4.It’sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.
5.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?
6.Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.
7.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.
8.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.
9.It’snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.
10.Itisusefulforourhealthtodomorningexercises.
II.作宾语
接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.
Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere
(1)常见动词有:
like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,fail,manage,learn,seem,forget,want,prepare,pretend,plan,wish等
Theywanttoget_(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?
Hesaidhewished__tobe(be)aprofessor.
(2)it作形式宾语
Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting.
Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim.
Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.
1.We thought _it__ better __to_ start early.
2.Do you consider _it__ better not _to_ go?
3. I feel _it_ my duty _to_ change all that.
4.Wethinkit__important_to_obeythelaw.
5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.
(3)疑问词+不定式作宾语
常常放在这些动词的后面作宾语:
tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…
Hetaughtushowtousethetool.
Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.
Thedictionarydidn’ttelltheFrenchmanhowtopronouncetheword.
(4)作介词but,except,besides的宾语。
Can’tchoosebutdo
Can’thelpbutdo/havenochoicetodo
Donothingbutdo
Practice:
1.WouldyouliketogotoThailand?
(wouldliketodosth.)
2.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.
3.Ithinkitourdutytoobeythelaws.
4.Doyouknowhowtoplayfootball?
5.Ifounditdifficulttoseehimhere.
6.Herearesomeideasabouthowtofindcheap,funthingstodowithyourfamilyonweekends.
7.Manypeopleliketogotoarestaurant.
8.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.
9.Everyonewantstohaveahappyweekend.
10.ShehopeI’lladviseherwhichtochoose.
III.作宾语补足语
1.I’ll get someone _to__ repair the recorder for you.
2.What caused him _to__ change his mind?
v.+sb.+todo
advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish ,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo
注意:
(1)在动词feel(一感),hear,listento(二听),have,let,make(三使),notice,see,watch,observe,lookat(五看)(即:
吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。
v.+sb.+do
Let’sgotoThailandrightnow.(letsb.dosth.)
Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.(seesb.dosth.)
Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.
Heisoftenheardtosing(sing)thesong.
Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmatecry(cry).Todayhewasmadetocry(cry)byhisdeskmate.(makesb.dosth.)
(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
Ioftenhelphim(to)cleantheroom.[helpsb.(to)dosth.]
Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.
比较:
Theprofessortoldthestudentshowtodotheexperiment.
Theprofessortoldthestudentstodotheexperiment.
Practice:
1.Nooneletsyousitintheoffice.
2.Iwantyoutoknowsomerules.
3.Iheardhersingtoday.Shesangwonderful.
4.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.
5.Doyoufeelthehouseshake?
6.Thebossmadetheworkersworkfor12hoursaday.
7.Weweremadetomaketensentenceswiththesewords.
8.I’mwaitingforTomtogivetheanswer.
9.Wouldyoulikehersingasongforus?
10.Didanyonenoticeastrangemancomeintothebank?
IV.作定语
Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)
1.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语
Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.
Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.
Sheisalwaysthefirsttoanswerquestions.
2.不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容
Ihavenochancetogothere.
Hemadeapromisetobeagoodboy.
Thereisnoneedtobuildadamonthesmallriver.
3.不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系
Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?
OneofthemostinterestingplacestovisitinSingaporeisBirdPark.
不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时,须加介词
Heboughtacuptodrinkwaterwith.
Ihavenothingtocomplainabout.
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
Practice:
1.Eachmembercanchooseafilmfortheeveningtowatchtogether.
2.Hesatdownatatableandwaitedforsomeonetotakehisorder.
3.Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?
4.Pleasegivemesomethingtodrink.
5.Shehasachildtotakecareof.
6.Heisnotthekindofmantodosuchthings.
7.Itisalreadytimetobeginourclass.
8.Thankyouforgivingmethechancetomakethespeech.
9.Sheboughtabookshelftoputherbookson.
10.Youaretheonlypersontobelate.
V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。
Icameheretoseeyou.(目的)
Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)
Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.(结果)
(1)作目的状语表示谓语动作的目的,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用
inorderto+V.(原形)
soasto+V.(原形)
但soasto不用于句首。
Thestudentsavedmuchmoneytobuyanewmobilephone.
Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.
=Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.
Peoplehavelearnttheimportanceofkeepingabalanceddiettosatisfy(satisfy)theirnutritionalneeds.
(2)作结果状语
不定式作结果状语时,多表示出乎意料的结果,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式,为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only.
Irushedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadygone.
Wecamehometofindourgardenneatandtidy.
不定式作结果状语时,常用于so…asto…,such…asto…,enoughto…,too…to…,onlyto…等结构中。
如:
Shewassolatetomisshalfofthelecture.
Sheissuchagoodteacherastoberepectedbyallherstudents.
Thehouseislargeenoughtoholdtwohundredpeople.
Thehatistoolargetowear.
Hewalkstooslowlytogetthereontime.
(3)作原因状语。
不定式与情感类形容词连用时,大多表示原因,用来作原因状语。
这类形容词主要有:
happy,kind,surprised,frightened,shocked,glad,delighted,dissapointed等。
Theyweresurprisedtobeinformedofthenews.
Shewasveryhappytohearthathersonhadbeenpromoted.
Practice:
1.I’mgladtoshowyouaroundthezooonsuchabeautifulday.
2.Whenpeoplearetootiredtocookafterwork,theyoftengeta“takeaway”.
3.Tartapplesareusedtomakeapplesauce.
4.Onedayhewenttoacafeteriatohavelunch.
5.Iamtootiredtothinkofanythingnow.
6.Iworkhardtopasstheexam.
7.Youcouldn’tdothattosaveyourlife.
8.Theteaistoohottodrink.
9.Englishistoodifficultformetolearn.
10.Thisquestionistoohardformetoanswer.
Ⅵ.作表语
动词不定式往往放在连系动词be的后面作表语。
(1)常说明主语的内容、性质、特征
Mywishistobecomeateacher.
Yourjobtodayistocleantheplayground.
Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltoyourself.
Mysuggestionistoputoffthemeeting.
(2)动词不定式作表语,表示将来
Theyaretomarrynextweek.
Youaretodelivertheseflowersbefore10
疑问词+不定式作表语
Thequestioniswheretogetthemedicine.
Thedifficultyishowtodothemostofworkwiththeleastofmoney.
Practice
1.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.
2.ThenextstepistoturnontheTV.
3.Thepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.
4.Nowmytaskistofinishthecomposition.
5.Thequestionwashowtodothejobwell.
不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.
Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.
Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.
Theboxisnoteasytocarry.
动词不定式综合练习
1.IwanttogiveupthisjobbutIhavetosupportmyfamily.
2.ItwillbedifficulttolivelikethisaftertheytakebackthehousenextJuly.
3.Ittookme3daystolearntheEnglishsong.
4.Thepassagetellsyouwhattodointhefirstfewminutes.
5.Everyoneshouldknowhowtocallforhelpintheirarea.
6.Theteachersalsohelpthemtodothesethings.
7.Tobeawinner,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.
8.Whichofthemwouldyoumostliketovisit?
9.Ifeelitmydutytohelpothers.
10.Theearthisbetterplacetoliveon,butscientistsaretryingtomakethebestuseofthemoon.
11.Thebirthdaychildwearsnewclothestomarkthespecialtime.
12.Aflagisflownoutsideawindowtoshowthatsomeonewholivesinthathouseishavingabirthday.
13.ThebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.
14.Somethingisstilltofindout.
16.Howtomakerequestspolitelyisimportant.
17.Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyouaretosucceed.
18.Itwasnecessaryforher
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