GREArgument终极提纲.docx

GREArgument终极提纲.docx

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GREArgument终极提纲

GREArgument终极提纲

使用说明：

这里是Argument全部242题的完整提纲。

题号后面括号里的三项分别是：

题目讨论的题材/结论的性质/主干论证过程。

题目中带下划线的部分为题目背景信息；斜体部分为题目假设；无任何标记部分为一般论据；黑体部分为题目结论。

题目中括号里的数字表明这句话体现的是提纲中第几号缺陷。

题目后面的星星数量表示题目论证难度，星数越多题目越难。

题目后面的数字为论证结构与之类似的其他题目题号，可以参考准备。

提纲中具体缺陷后面括号里斜体缩写表示该缺陷所属的类型，缺陷后面的星号表示该缺陷在本题的严重程度，星数越多缺陷越严重。

题目顺序以新东方写作教程第一章题库顺序为准。

符号索引：

V.D:

vaguedata        I.I:

incompleteinformation     U.C:

unrelatedconcepts       C.S:

changingscopes  

F.A:

falseanalogy     I.C:

incompletecomparison    F.D:

falsedilemma          I.T:

incompletethought          

NCR:

noncausalrelationship         I.E:

insufficientevidence      U.A:

unwarrantedassumption

Adv:

disadv:

failingtoweightheadvantageanddisadvantagethoroughly

P→F/P→C/C→F/C→P:

inferringfuture（current/past）conditionfrompast（current）condition

1,（商业/决策/并列）ThefollowingappearedinamemorandumwrittenbythevicepresidentofNature'sWay,achainofstoressellinghealthfoodandotherhealth-relatedproducts.

"Previousexperiencehasshownthatourstoresaremostprofitableinareaswhereresidentsarehighlyconcernedwithleadinghealthylives（6）.WeshouldthereforebuildournextnewstoreinPlainsville（5）,whichhasmanysuchresidents（8）.Plainsvillemerchantsreportthatsalesofrunningshoesandexerciseclothingareatall-timehighs

（1）.Thelocalhealthclub,whichnearlyclosedfiveyearsagoduetolackofbusiness,hasmoremembersthanever,andtheweighttrainingandaerobicsclassesarealwaysfull（2,7）.Wecanevenanticipateanewgenerationofcustomers:

Plainsville'sschoolchildrenarerequiredtoparticipateina'fitnessforlife'program,whichemphasizesthebenefitsofregularexerciseatanearlyage（3,4）."★★14,40

1.StrongsalesofexerciseappareldonotnecessarilyindicatethatPlainesvilleresidentswouldbeinterestedinNW'sproducts,orthattheseresidentsareinterestedinexercising.（U.C）★★★

2.ThepopularityofthelocalhealthclubislittleindicationthattheresidentsinPlainsvillelivemuchhealthierlivesnow,andthatNWwillearnaprofitfromastoreinPlainesville.（NCR）

3.Thememocontainsnoevidencetosupporttheassumptionthatpeoplewhoexerciseregularlyarealsointerestedinbuyinghealthfoodandhealth-relatedproducts.（U.C）★★★

4.ThefactthatacertainfitnessprogramismandatoryforPlainesville'sschoolchildrenaccomplishesnothingtowardbolsteringtherecommendation.（NCR）★★★

5.Thearguerdoesnotprovideanyinformationregardingthecostofbuildingsuchanewstorethuswecannotbeconvincedthatthenewstorewillbeprofitable.（adv:

disadv）★★

6.Thearguerfailstoconsiderotherpossiblefactorsbesidesresidents’interestinhealthylivesthatmaycontributetothesuccessoftheirexistingstores.（confusingconcurrencewithcausality）★★

7.Therecommendationfailstosubstantiatethatthisinterestwillcontinueintheforeseeablefuture.（P→F）★★★★

8.ThearguerunfairlyassumesthatPlainesvilleresidentswillpreferNWoverothermerchantsthatsellsimilarproducts.（U.A/I.T）★★

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2,（社区，地产/提议/类比）ThefollowingappearedinalettersentbyacommitteeofhomeownersfromtheDeerhavenAcrestoallhomeownersinDeerhavenAcres.

"Sevenyearsago（3）,homeownersinnearbyBrookvillecommunityadoptedasetofrestrictionsonhowthecommunity'syardsshouldbelandscapedandwhatcolorstheexteriorsofhomesshouldbepainted.Sincethen,averagepropertyvalueshavetripledinBrookville

（1）.InordertoraisepropertyvaluesinDeerhavenAcres,weshouldadoptourownsetofrestrictionsonlandscapingandhousepainting（2,4,5）."

★25,237

1.ThecommitteefailstosubstantiatetheassumptionthatthiscourseofactionwasresponsiblefortheincreaseinBrookvillepropertyvalues.（posthoc,ergopropterhoc）★★★★★

2.ThecommitteefailstoconsiderpossibledifferencesbetweenBrookvilleandDeerhaventhatmighthelptobringaboutadifferentresultforDeerhaven.（F.A）★★★★★

3.Manyfactorsthatcouldinfluencepropertyvaluemaychangeduringtheseyears,andthecommitteefailstoruleoutthesefactors.（P→F）★★★

4.Theproposedactionmayresultinsomeundesiredconsequences.（adv:

disadv）★★

5.Theproposedactionmaybeopposedbysomehomeowners,ormaynotbeeffectivelyexecutedbyallthehomeownersinDeerhavenAcres.（feasibilityoftheconclusion）★★★★

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3,（就业/论断/对比+并列）ThefollowingappearedinanewspaperarticleaboutlawfirmsinthecityofMegalopolis.

"InMegalopolis,thenumberoflawschoolgraduateswhowenttoworkforlarge,corporatefirmsdeclinedby15percentoverthelastthreeyears

（1）,whereasanincreasingnumberofgraduatestookjobsatsmall,generalpracticefirms.Eventhoughlargefirmsusuallyoffermuchhighersalaries,lawschoolgraduatesarechoosingtoworkforthesmallerfirmsmostlikelybecausetheyexperiencegreaterjobsatisfactionatsmallerfirms.Inasurveyoffirst-yearstudentsataleadinglawschool,mostagreedwiththestatementthatearningahighsalarywaslessimportanttothemthanjobsatisfaction（2,3）.Thisfindingsuggeststhatthelarge,corporatefirmsofMegalopoliswillneedtooffergraduatesmorebenefitsandincentivesandreducethenumberofhourstheymustwork.（4,5）"★★★

1.The15%declinethattheauthorcitesisnotnecessarilyduetothevocationalpreferencesofnewlaw-schoolgraduates.PerhapsduringthelastthreeyearsMegalopolis'largefirmshavehadfewerandfewerjobopeningsforthesegraduates.（NCR）★★★

2.Thevocationalgoalsoffirst-yearlawstudentscitedinthesurveydonotnecessarilyreflectthoseofgraduatingstudents.（U.C）★★★

3.ThegoalsofstudentsatonelawschooldonotnecessarilyreflectthoseoftheoverallpoolofgraduatesthatmightseekemploymentwithMegalopolislawfirms.（C.S）★★★

4.Theauthorfalselyequatestheproposedtangibleincentiveswithjobsatisfaction.（U.C）★★★★

5.Smallfirmshavemanyotheradvantagesthatlargeonesdonothave,thusthelarge,corporatefirmsneedtoadoptotherpoliciestoattractmoregraduates.（sufficiencyofthesolution）★★★

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4,（商业，地产/建议/对比+并列）ThefollowingwaspostedonanInternetrealestatediscussionsite.

"Ofthetwoleadingrealestatefirmsinourtown—AdamsRealtyandFitchRealty—Adamsisclearlysuperior.Adamshas40realestateagents.Incontrast,Fitchhas25,manyofwhomworkonlypart-time（1,2,5）.Moreover,Adams'revenuelastyearwastwiceashighasthatofFitch,andincludedhomesalesthataveraged$168,000,comparedtoFitch's$144,000（3,4,6）.HomeslistedwithAdamssellfasteraswell:

tenyearsago,IlistedmyhomewithFitchandittookmorethanfourmonthstosell;lastyear,whenIsoldanotherhome,IlisteditwithAdams,andittookonlyonemonth（7）.Thus,ifyouwanttosellyourhomequicklyandatagoodprice,youshoulduseAdams."★★

1.Theauthorprovidesnoevidencethatthequalityofarealestatefirmisdirectlyproportionaltothenumberofitsagentsorthenumberofhoursperweekthatitsagentswork.（U.C）★★★

2.TheauthordoesnotprovideanyinformationabouthowmanyAdamsagentsworkpart-time.（exparteinformation）★★

3.Lastyear’ssalesresultmaynotberepresentative.（selectivesample）★★★

4.Thedisparityinsalesvolumecanreadilybeexplainedbyfactorsotherthanthecomparativequalityofthetwofirms,suchasservingareaandlocation.（NCR）★★★★

5.Forlackofdataconcerningtheaveragenumberofhomessoldperagent,wecannotevaluatetheactualperformanceofagentsinthetwofirms.（V.D）★★

6.ThefactthattheaveragesalespriceofahomesoldbyAdamsishigherthantheaveragepriceofahomesoldbyFitchdoesnotindicatethatAdamsismoreeffectiveinsellinghomesthanFitch.（NCR）★★★★

7.Thedisparityinthespeedofasaleisexplainablebyotherplausiblefactorsthatwouldchangethroughthetime,orsomeessentialdifferencesofthetwoproperties.（F.A/I.C/P→F）★★★★★

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5,（医药/论断，预言/递进）Thefollowingappearedinthebusinesssectionofanewspaper.

"Giventhatthenumberofpeopleinourcountrywithsomeformofarthritisisexpectedtorisefrom40millionto60millionoverthenexttwentyyears,pharmaceuticalcompaniesthatproducedrugsforthetreatmentofarthritisshouldbeveryprofitable

（1）.ManyanalystsbelievethatintenyearsBectonPharmaceuticals,whichmakesXenon,thebest-sellingdrugtreatmentforarthritis,willbethemostprofitablepharmaceuticalcompany.ButthepatentonXenonexpiresinthreeyears,andothercompanieswillthenbeabletoproduceacheaperversionofthedrug

（2）.Thus,itismorelikelythatintenyearsthemostprofitablepharmaceuticalcompanywillbePerkinsPharmaceuticals,makerofanewdrugcalledXylan,whichclinicalstudiesshowispreferredoverXenonbysevenoutoftenpatientssufferingfromthemostextremecasesofarthritis（3,4）."★★★★

1.Thearguerfalselyassumesthatariseinthenumberofarthritissufferersimpliesariseinprofitabilityforarthritisdrugmanufacturers,futurecompetitionmaydiminishtheprofitforeachindividualcompany.（I.E）★★★

2.TheexpirationofthepatentonXenondoesnotnecessarilyleadtothedeclineintheprofitofBecton,becauseBectonmayhavetheadvantageofmarketseniority.（I.E）★★★★

3.ThepreferenceofparticularpatientsdoesnotindicatethatXylanisamoreprofitabledrug,wedonotknowthemanufacturingcostandsalespriceofXylan.（adv:

disadv）★★★

4.Wedonotknowwhatfractionofpatientssufferfromthemostextremecasesofarthritis.（V.D）★★

5.Theremaybenewcompaniesandnewtechnologyemerginginthefuture.（P→F/F.D）★★★

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6,（文化娱乐/论断/并列）Thefollowingwasw