同等学力申硕英语模拟题精选12.docx

同等学力申硕英语模拟题精选12.docx

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同等学力申硕英语模拟题精选12

PassageTwo

　　Accordingtoastudy,intellectualactivitiesmakepeopleeatmorethanwhenjustresting.Thishasshednewlightonbrainfood.Thisfindingmightalsohelpexplaintheobesityepidemicofasocietyinwhichpeopleoftensit.

　　Researcherssplit14universitystudentvolunteersintothreegroupsfora45-minutesessionofeitherrelaxinginasittingposition,readingandsummarizingatext,orcompletingaseriesofmemory,attention,andalerttestsonthecomputer.Afterthesessions,theparticipantswereinvitedtoeatasmuchastheypleased.

　　Thoughthestudyinvolvedaverysmallnumberofparticipants,theresultswerestark.Thestudentswhohaddonethecomputertestsdowned253morecaloriesor29.4percentmorethanthecouchpotatoes.Thosewhohadsummarizedatextconsumed203morecaloriesthantherestinggroup.

　　Bloodsamplestakenbefore,during,andafterrevealedthatintellectualworkcausemuchbiggerfluctuationsinglucose（葡萄糖）levelsthanrestperiods,perhapsowingtothestressofthinking.

　　Theresearchersfigurethebodyreactstothesefluctuationsbydemandingfoodtorestoreglucose-thebrain’sfuel.Glucoseisconvertedbythebodyfromcarbohydrates（碳水化合物）andissuppliedtothebrainviathebloodstream.Thebraincannotmakeglucoseandsoneedsaconstantsupply.Braincellsneedtwiceasmuchenergyasothercellsinthebody.

　　Withoutexercisetobalancetheaddedintake,however,such“brainfood”isprobablynotsmart.Variousstudiesinanimalshaveshownthatconsumingfewercaloriesoverallleadstosharperbrainsandlongerlife,andmostresearchersagreethatthefindingsapply,ingeneral,tohumans.

　　And,ofcourse,eatingmorecanmakeyoufat.

　　“Caloricovercompensationfollowingintellectualwork,combinedwiththefactthatwearelessphysicallyactivewhendoingintellectualtasks,couldcontributetotheobesityepidemiccurrentlyobservedinindustrializedcountries,”saidleadresearcherJean-PhilippeChaputatLavalUniversityinQuebecCity,Canada.“Thisisafactorthatshouldnotbeignored,consideringthatmoreandmorepeopleholdjobsofanintellectualnature,”theresearcherconcluded.

　　37.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat.

　　A.consumingfewercaloriescanleadtosharperbrains

　　B.thinkingconsumedmorecaloriesthanresting

　　C.restingmorecanmakepeoplefat

　　D.braincellsneedmoreenergythanothercellsinthebody

　　38.Itisimpliedthattoavoidobesity,peoplewhohavetositlongshould.

　　A.thinkmoreandeatlessB.increasetheintakeofvitamins

　　C.skipsomemealsD.eatlesspotatoes

　　39.Theword“stark”inthe3rdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“”

　　A.negativeB.obscureC.absoluteD.ambiguous

　　40.Accordingtotheresearch,whichofthefollowingactivitiesconsumedthemostcalories?

　　A.Relaxinginasittingposition

　　B.Readingprofessionalbooks

　　C.Summarizingatext

　　D.Completingtestsonthecomputer

　　41.Accordingtothepassage,eatinglessmaymakepeople.

　　A.smarterB.lessintelligent

　　C.moreemotionalD.liveashorterlife

　　42.Oneofthereasonsfortheobesityepidemiccurrentlyobservedinindustrializedcountriesisthatinthesecountries.

　　A.peopletakedifferentexercises

　　B.fewerpeoplewatchtheirweight

　　C.fewerpeopleholdphysicaljobs

　　D.foodsaremuchcheaper

　　Passagethree

　　Oneofthesimplepleasuresofalazysummerdayistobeabletoenjoyarefreshingsliceofwatermeloneitheratthebeach,atapicnic,orfreshfromthefarmer’smarket.Deliciousandnutritious,watermelonisoneofthoseguilt-freefoodswecanallenjoy:

onecupofwatermelonpacksonlyabout50calories!

Watermelonsarenotonlycoolingtreatsforwhenthemercurystartstorise;theyarealsoloadedwithhealthynutrientssuchasvitaminA,vitaminC,lycopene（番茄红素），andetc.VitaminsAandCandlycopeneareantioxidants,whicharesubstancesthatworktohelpgetridoftheharmfuleffectsofsubstances.

　　Researchhassuggestedthatadiethighinfruitsandvegetablesthathaveplentyofantioxidantscanreducetheriskofheartdisease,somecancers,andsomeotherdangerousdiseases.Acupofwatermelonprovides25﹪oftherecommendeddailyvalueofvitaminCand6﹪oftherecommendeddailyvalueofvitaminA.Additionally,researchershavefoundthatlycopene,anutrientmosttraditionallyassociatedwithtomatoes,isfoundinequalorgreaterquantitiesinwatermelon.

　　WatermelonsalsoprovidesignificantamountsofvitaminB6andvitaminB1,bothofwhicharenecessaryforenergyproduction.Incombinationwiththemineralsandvitaminsalreadydescribed,theseBvitaminsaddtothehighnutrientrichnessofwatermelon.Duetoitshighwatercontent（watermelonis92﹪waterbyweight）andlowcaloriecount,watermelonisagoodchoicetosatisfyyourhungerwhileyoutrytoeatahealthydiet.Thinkofthemasnature’sanswertotheheavilymarketed“vitaminwater”craze.

　　Besidethetextured,wateryfleshofthefruit,watermelonseedsarealsowidelyeatenasasnack.Theyarerichinironandproteinandareoftenpressedforoilorroastedandseasoned.

　　Soifyouareplanningondiningoutdoorthissummer,orsimplylookingforaquickandconvenientrefreshmenttoservetounexpectedorrecklesschildren,reachforwatermelon.Thekidswillenjoyitscrisptasteandmessyjuices,theadultswillenjoyitsrefreshingflavors,andeveryonewillbenefitfromitsnutritiousvalue.

　　43.Wedon’tfeelguiltevenifweeatmorewatermelonbecause.

　　A.itisdeliciousB.itisnutritious

　　C.itcontainslowcaloriesD.itcontainsantioxidants

　　44.Thephrase“whenthemercurystartstorise”（Para.1）probablymeans“”.

　　A.insummereveningsB.onsunnydays

　　C.whenpeoplearethirstyD.whenitisgettinghot

　　45.HowmanycupsofwatermeloncansatisfythedailyneedforvitaminC?

　　A.1B.2C.3D.4

　　46.Bysaying“Thinkofthemasnature’sanswertotheheavilymarketed”vitaminwater“craze”,theauthormeans.

　　A.watermeloncantaketheplaceofvitamins

　　B.withwatermelon,peopledon’thavetobuyvitaminwater

　　C.naturalfoodsaremuchbetterthanthemanufacturedones

　　D.thevitaminwaterhasbeenover-advertised

　　47.Watermelonseedsareoften.

　　A.friedinoilB.storedforseasons

　　C.preparedwithspiceD.pressedbeforebeingcooked

　　48.Thebesttitleofthepassageis.

　　A.Watermelon-theMostEnjoyableRefreshment

　　B.TheWondersofWatermelon

　　C.TheNutrientsinWatermelon

　　D.Watermelon-theBestSummerFoodforChildren

　　PassageFour

　　Initialvoyagesintospaceintroducedquestionsscientistshadneverbeforeconsidered.Couldanastronautswallowfoodinzerogravity?

Tokeepthingssimple,astronautsontheProjectMercuryatefoodssqueezedoutoftubes.Itwaslikeservingthembabyfoodinatoothpastecontainer.

　　Buttheseearlytubemealswereflavorless,andastronautsdroppedtoomanypounds.“WeknowthatastronautshavelostweightineveryAmericanandRussianmannedflight,”wroteNASAscientistsMalcolmSmithin1969.“Wedon’tknowwhy.”Feedingpeopleinspacewasnotaseasyasitlooked.

　　Floatingaroundinspaceisn’tasrelaxingasitmightsound.Astronautsexpendalotofenergyandendureextremestressesontheirbodies.Theirdietaryrequirementsarethereforedifferentfromthoseoftheirgravity-boundcounterpartsonEarth.Forexample,theyneedextracalciumtocompensateforboneloss.“Alow-saltdiethelpsslowtheprocess,buttherearenorefrigeratorsinspace,andsaltisoftenusedtohelppreservefoods,”saysVickieKloerisofNASA.“Wehavetobeverycarefulofthat.”

　　BytheApollomissions,NASAhaddevelopedanutritionallybalancedmenuwithawidevarietyofoptions.Ofcourse,alltheitemswerefreeze-driedorheat-treatedtokillbacteria,andtheydidn’tlooklikeregularfood.

　　Today,themostelaborateouter-spacemealsareconsumedintheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）,whereastronautsenjoyeverythingfromsteaktochocolatecake.TheISSisajointventurebetweentheU.S.andRussia,anddiplomaticguidelinesdictatethepercentageoffoodanastronautmusteatfromeachcountry.NASA’sfoodlaboratoryhas185differentmenuitems,Russiaoffersaround100,andwhenJapansentupitsfirstcrewmemberin2008,about30dishescamewithhim.Duetodietaryrestrictionsandstorageissues,astronautsstillcan’teatwithwhatevertheywantwhenevertheyfeellikeit.

　　In2008,NASAastronautandISScrewmemberSandraMagnusbecamethefirstpersontotrytocookamealinspace.Ittookheroveranhourtocookonionsandgarlicinthespacestation’sfoodwarmer,butshemanagedtocreateatrulydeliciousdish:

grilledtuna（金枪鱼）inalemon-garlicsauce-eatenfromabag,ofcourse.

　　49.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheearlyspacemeals?

　　A.Theyhadtobeeatenfromabag.

　　B.Theytastedbetterthantheylooked.

　　C.Theycouldnotmakeeatingaseasyaspossible.

　　D.Theywerenotnutritiousenoughforastronauts.

　　50.Itseemsthatastronauts’weightloss.

　　A.wasanunusualproblemamongastronauts

　　B.waswhatpuzzledtheearlyscientists

　　C.causednewproblemsinspaceflights

　　D.drewtheattentionofthegeneralpublic

　　51.AccordingtoVickieKloeris,servingalow-saltdietinspace.

　　A.iseasiersaidthandoneB.isnotabsolutelynecessary

　　C.hasworkedasexpectedD.willbethefuturetrend

　　52.IntheInternationalSpaceStation,.

　　A.thereisenoughspacetostoreenoughfoodsforastronauts

　　B.thereisaselectionofflavoredfoodsfromadozencountries

　　C.astronautsingeneralpreferfoodsfromtheirowncountries

　　D.astronauts’needtoeattheirfavoritefoodscan’t