全国职称英语考试真题及答案理工类A级.docx
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全国职称英语考试真题及答案理工类A级.docx
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全国职称英语考试真题及答案理工类A级
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个惫义最为接近的选项。
1Withimmenserelief,stoppedrunning.
Aenormous
Bsome
Clittle
Dextensive
2Thescientistsbegantoaccumulatedata.a
Ahandle
Bcollect
Canalyze
Dinvestigate
3Jackeventuallyovertookthelasttruck
Apassed
Bhit
Creached
Dled
4Sometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance.
Apossible
Bprofitable
Cwise
Deasy
5Thereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzle
Amystery
Bfact
Cstatement
Dgame
6Thatguyisreallywitty
Augly
Bsmart
Chonorable
Dpopular
7Theworldchampionsufferedasensationaldefeat.
Adramatic
Breasonable
Chumiliating
Dhorrifying
8ItseemsthatonlyMaryiseligibleforthejob.
Aprepared
Btrained
Cguided
Dqualified
9ThispoemdepictsthebeautifulsceneryofatownintheSouth
Apraises
Bwrites
Cdescribes
Dimitates
10Themeaningisstillobscure.
Atransparent
Bvague
Calien
Dsignificant
11Dumpedwastemightcontaminatewatersupplies.
Adestroy
Bdecrease
Cpollute
Ddelay
12OnetheorypostulatesthattheancientFilipinoscamefromIndiaandPersia
Aexpects
Bassumes
Cpredicts
Dconsiders
13Itisverydifficultforachildtoadheretorules.
Afollow
Bremember
Cunderstand
Dlearn
14IhopethatIdidn‘tdoanythingabsurdlastnight.
Aawkward
Bstrange
Cawful
D
15Thereshouldbelawsthatprohibitsmokingaroundchildren.
Aadvocate
Bforbid
Cinherit
Dwithdraw
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C.
GreenRoofResearch
Theconceptofgreenroofsisbasicallyaboutgrowingplantsonroofs,thushelpingtoreplacethegreenfootprintthathadbeendestroyedduetotheconstructionofthebuilding.Greenroofsarethemostprevalent(流行)inGermany,whichiswidelyregardedastheleaderingreenroofresearch.
Thegreenroofsthatareusedthesedayscanbeclassifiedas"extensive"and“intensive”systems.Extensivegreenroofsusemosses,grassesandherbs,whicharetoleranttodroughts.Theseplantsdonotneedmuchmaintenance,canbegrowninalayerofsubstrate(土层)thatcanbeasshallowas1.5inches,andgenerallyareinaccessibletothepublic.Incontrast.awiderangeofspeciesofplantsaregrownonintensivegreenroofs,suchasshrubs(灌木)andeventrees,whichrequiredeepersubstratelayers,andareusuallygrownonflatroofs.Theyneedintensivemaintenance,andareusuallyareasthatresembleparkswhichareaccessibletopeople.
Thereareseveralbenefitsofadoptinggreenrooftechnologies.Apartfromtheobviouspsychologicalandaesthetic(暮学的)benefitsofgarden—likeenvironmentssurroundingyou,someofthecommon‘economicandecologicalbenefitsare:
areductionintheconsumptionofenergy;airandwaterpurification;recoveringgreenspaces;andthemitigation(缓解)oftheheatislandeffectinurbanareas.
Thegreenroofresearchthatiscurrentlyongoingisfocusedonevaluatingthespeciesofplantsthataresuitabletobegrownonroofs,themethodsofpropagation(繁殖)aswellasestablishment,nutrient(养料)andwaterrequirement,substrates,andthequantityandqualityofwaterrunoff.Theevaluationcriteriaofplantspeciesare:
atwhatratetheycanbeestablished:
theircapacitytowithstandinvasiveweeds;toleranceofcoldandheat;toleranceofdroughtconditions;capacityofpersistenceandsurvival.Anumberofexperimentsarebeingconductedonroofplatformsimulationsatvariousresearchcenters.Thesesitesaregenerallyoutfittedwithequipment,whichareusedtomeasuretemperaturesatdifferentdepthsofthegrowingsubstrates,andtherateandvolumeoftherunoffofstormwatersfromeachoftheplatforms.
Greenrooftechnologyisrepresentativeofacompletelynewmarketforlandscapecontractors,andallroofsthatcurrentlyexistandthefutureonestobeconstructedarethepotentialmarket—amarketthatistoohugetobeoverlooked.
16.Itisestimatedthataround10percentoftheflatroofsinGermanyaregreen
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
17.Germanpeoplepreferextensivegreenroofsystemstointensiveones
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
18.Smallplantslikegrassesandherbsaregrownwidelyonintensivegreenroofs.
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
19.Greenroofisanecologicallysoundstrategyofspreadinggreeninurbanareas
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
20.Oneofthebenefitsofgreenroofsisthereductionoftheheatislandeffectincities
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
21.Onefocusinthegreenroofresearchistheevaluationofsuitableplantspecies
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
22.Althoughgreenrooftechnologycancreateagarden—likeenvironment,itspotentialmarketisrathersmall.
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
TheSupercomputerNetwork
1Recently.Tenlaboratoriesrunbygovernmentsindifferentpartsoftheworldhavebecomelinked.Theircomputershavebeenconnectedsotheycan“talk”toeachother.Thismaynotseemverydramaticnews,butitisthebeginningofadevelopmentthatwillincreasethepoweroftheInternettremendously.
2TheInternetisaninterconnected(互联)systemofnetworksthatconnectscomputersroundtheworldandfacilitatesthetransmissionandexchangeofinformation.ThewaythatyouusetheInternetisbyaccessingthisnetwork.Thisdependsonthepowerthatyoursystemallowsyoutouse.Thepowerofyourcomputerisresponsibleforhowfastyoucandownload(下载)files,howmuchdatayoucanstore,etc.Ifyourcomputerisoldandslow.accessingtheinformationcanbeverydifficult.
3Thenewdevelopmentininformationtechnologyhasbeencalled“thegrid”(网格技术),anditwillbeanetworkofcomputersthatarelinkedtogether.The“grid”willworkinadifferentwayfromtheInternet,enablingyoutogetthepowerofthebiggestcomputersintheworldonyourcomputer.Accessingtheinformationwillnolongerdependonthepowerofyourcomputer.Theideaisthatwhileyouaccessinformation,youwillalsohaveaccesstothepowerofthebiggercomputerstations.
4Oneadvantageofthisrevolutionaryideaisthatgeographicallocationwillbecomeirrelevant.The“grid”willdecidewhicharethebestpartsofaworldwidenetworktodothejobyouwant.ThismeansthatyoumaybeaccessingacomputerInJapantosolveaprobleminAlaska.
5The“grid”canbecomparedtohavinganefficientpersonalassistant.Youcangiveyourassistantataskand“he”willdoitforyou.Theassistantwilldothepreliminaryresearch,collectthedata,comparethemanddecideonthebestcourseofactionbyaccessinganyofthecomputercentresinthe“grid”thathappentohavetherelevantinformation.Allyouhavetodoisassignthetask,sitbackandwait.
6Atpresent,possibleapplicationsofthe“grid”inscientificresearcharebeingexplored.WhileithastakenaboutfifteenyearsforInternetusetobecomewidespread,expertsbelievethatthe“grid”couldbeupandrunningforprivateindividualsfarmorequickly.Scientistsworkingon“grid”projectsareconvincedthatitwillbeaswidelyusedasthewebinthenexttenyears.
23Paragraph2_________
24Paragraph3_________
25Paragraph4_________
26Paragraph5_________
27Traditionallythepowerofyourcomputerdetermineshowfastyoucanaccess__________.
28The“grid‘’willenableyoutogetonyourcomputerthepowerof_________intheworld.
29The“grid”wouldbelike__________,whocanperformyourtasksefficiently.
30Itisbelievedthatthewidespreaduseofthe“grid‘’willbecomepossibleinthenext________.
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCities
ThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytraditionpeoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakefor‘anexciting,metropolitanatmosphere.
Squares,plazas(广场)andarcades(拱廊)formtheheartofEurope‘scities
VeniceinItalyhasthePiazzaSanMarco—abeautifulsquaresurroundedbysn0Ps,churches,restaurantsandcafes.InBarcelona,Spain,LaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London‘sCoventGardenISfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusicians,acrobats(杂技演员)andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive?
InLondon,theserveasabeautifulbackdrop(背景)tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.
Thesevibrant(有活力的)heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolution,socialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.“ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon‘tseeallthemistakes,”saidGarreau“lhosehaveallbeenremoved.”MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecar,sobars,restaurantsandcaf6swereneartopeoplehomesTodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans,lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.TheyliveinthesuburbsandOutskirts.drivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconvention,therearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalways,lingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeople,togetherwithtourists,providethecitycenterswiththeirreasonforexistence.CoffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishingthisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.this’sskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos(浓咖啡)andcigarettes.
Religionalsoplaysarol
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