英文名词解释.docx
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英文名词解释.docx
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英文名词解释
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ABNORMALFAILURE:
Anartificiallyinducedfailureofacomponent,usuallyasaresultof“abnormals”testingforregulatoryagencysafetycompliance.
AMBIENTTEMPERATURE:
Thetemperatureoftheenvironment,usuallythestillairintheimmediateproximityofthepowersupply.
APPARENTPOWER:
AvalueofpowerforACcircuitsthatiscalculatedastheproductofRMScurrenttimesRMSvoltage,withouttakingthepowerfactorintoaccount.
BANDWIDTH:
Arangeoffrequenciesoverwhichacertainphenomenonistobeconsidered.
BIPOLARTRANSISTOR:
AtransistoroperatesbytheactionofminoritycarriesacrossaP/Njunction,andisacurrentcontrolleddeviceasopposedtoavoltagecontrolleddevice.
BLEEDERRESISTOR:
Aresistoraddedtoacircuitforthepurposeofprovidingasmallcurrentdrain,usuallytoprovidealoadforimprovingoutputvoltagestability,ortoassuredischargeofcapacitors.
BOBBIN:
Adeviceuponwhichthewindingsofatransformerorinductorarewoundwhichprovidesaformforthecoilandinsulatesthewindingsfromthecore.
BODEPLOT:
Agraphicplotofgainversusfrequencyforacontrolloop,typicallyusedtoverifycontrolloopstability,includingphasemargin.
BREAKDOWNVOLTAGE:
Avoltagelevelatwhichdielectricinsulationfailsbyexcessiveleakagecurrentorarcing.InreferencetopowersuppliesthebreakdownvoltageisthemaximumACorDCvoltagethatcanbesuppliedfrominputtooutputand/orchassis.
BRIDGECONVERTER:
ADCtoDCconvertertopology(configuration)employingfouractiveswitchingcomponentsinabridgeconfigurationacrossapowertransformer.
BRIDGERECTIFIER:
Afullwaverectifiercircuitemployingfourrectifiersinabridgeconfiguration.
BROWNOUT:
AreductionoftheACmains’distributionvoltage,usuallycauseddeliberatelybytheutilitycompanytoreducepowerconsumptionwhendemandexceedsgenerationordistributioncapacity.
BROWNOUTPROTECTION:
Theabilityofapowersupplytocontinueoperatingwithinspecificationthroughthedurationofabrownout.
BURN-IN:
Operatinganewlymanufacturedpowersupply,usuallyatratedload,foraperiodoftimeinordertoforcecomponentinfantmortalityfailuresorotherlatentdefectsbeforetheunitisdeliveredtoacustomer.
CAPACITIVECOUPLING:
Couplingofasignalbetweentwocircuits,duetodiscreteorparasiticcapacitancebetweenthecircuits.
CERTERTAP:
Anelectricalconnectionmadeatthecenterofatransformerorinductorwinding,usuallysoastoresultinanequalnumberofturnsoneithersideofthetap.
CENTERING:
Theactofsettingtheoutputvoltageofapowersupplyunderspecifiedloadconditions,usuallyanauxiliaryoutputofamultipleoutputpowersupplywithalloutputsathalfload.
COMMONMODENOISE:
Noisepresentequallyontwoconductorswithrespecttosomereferencepoint;oftenusedspecificallytorefertonoisepresentonboththehotandneutralAClineswithrespecttoground.
CONSTANTCURRENTPOWERSUPPLY:
Apowersupplydesignedtoregulatetheoutputcenterforchangesinline,load,ambienttemperature,anddriftresultingfromtime.
CONSTANTVOLTAGEPOWERSUPPLY:
Apowersupplydesignedtoregulatetheoutputvoltageforchangesinline,load,ambienttemperature,anddriftresultingfromtime.
CONTROLCIRCUIT:
Acircuitinaclosed-loopsystem,typicallycontaininganerroramplifier,whichcontrolstheoperationofthesystemtoachieveregulation.
CONVECTION:
Thetransferofthermalenergyinagasorliquidbycurrentsresultingfromunequaltemperatures.
CONVERTER:
AnelectricalcircuitacceptsaDCinputandgeneratesaDCoutputofadifferentvoltage,usuallyachievedbyhighfrequencyswitchingactionemployinginductiveandcapacitivefilterelements.
COOLING:
Removalofheatinapowersupply,isgeneratedbytransformation,rectification,regulation,andfiltering.Itcanbeaccomplishedusingradiation,convection,forcedair,orliquidmeans.
CRESTFACTOR:
InanACcircuit,CrestFactoristhemathematicalratioofthepeaktoRMSvaluesofawaveform.CrestfactorissometimesusedfordescribingthecurrentstressinACmainssupplywires,sinceforagivenamountofpowertransferred,theRMSvalue,andhencethelosses,becomegreaterwithincreasingpeakvalues.CrestFactorgivesessentiallythesameinformationasPowerFactor,andisbeingreplacedbyPowerFactorinpowersupplytechnology.
CROSSREGULATION:
Theeffectofaloadchangeononeoutputtotheregulationofanotheroutput.Itusuallyonlyappliestonon-post-regulated(quasi)outputs.
CROWBAR:
Anover-voltageprotectionmethodshortsthepowersupplyoutputtogroundinordertoprotecttheloadwhenanover-voltagefaultisdetected.
.
CURRENTLIMITING:
Anoverloadprotectioncircuitthatlimitsthemaximumoutput;currentofapowersupplyinordertoprotecttheloadand/orthepowersupply.
CURRENTMODE:
Acontrolmethodforswitch-modeconverterswheretheconverteradjustsitsregulatingpulsewidthinresponsetomeasuredoutputcurrentandoutputvoltage,usingadualloopcontrolcircuit.Sinceoutputcurrentismeasured,currentmodecontrolallowsaccuratesharingbetweenpowersupplies.
CURRENTMONITOR:
Ananalogpowersupplysignalwhichislinearlyproportionaltooutputcurrentflow.Usuallyonlyfeasibleforsingleoutputpowersupplies.
DERATING:
Areductionisanoperatingspecificationtoimprovereliability.Forpowersupplies,itisusuallyaspecifiedreductioninoutputpowertofacilitateoperationathighertemperatures.
DESIGNLIFE:
Theexpectedlifetimeofapowersupplyduringwhichitwilloperatetoitspublishedspecifications.
DEFFERENTIALMODENOISE:
Noisethatismeasuredbetweentwolineswithrespecttoacommonreferencepointexcludingcommon-modenoise.Theresultantmeasurementisthedifferenceofthenoisecomponentsofthetwolines.ThenoisebetweentheDCoutputandDCreturnisusuallymeasuredinpowersupplies.
DRIFT:
Thechangeinanoutputvoltage,afterawarm-upperiod,asafunctionoftimewhenallothervariablessuchaline,loadandoperatingtemperatureareheldconstant.
DROPOUT:
ThelowerlimitoftheACinputvoltagewherethepowersupplyjustbeginstoexperienceinsufficientinputtomaintainregulation.Thedropoutvoltageforlinearsisquiteloaddependent.Formostswitchersitislargelydesigndependent,andtoasmallerdegreeloaddependent.
EFFICIENCY:
Theratiooftotaloutputpowertoinputpowerexpressedasapercentage.Normallyspecifiedatfullloadandnominalinputvoltage.
ELECTRONICLOAD:
Anelectronicdevicedesignedtoprovidealoadtotheoutputsofapowersupply,usuallycapableofdynamicloading,andfrequentlyprogrammableorcomputercontrolled.
EMI:
AbbreviationforElectromagneticinterference,whichisthegenerationofunwantednoiseduringtheoperationofapowersupplyorotherelectricalorelectronicequipment.
ESR:
EquivalentSeriesResistance.Thevalueofresistanceinserieswithanidealcapacitorwhichduplicatestheperformancecharacteristicsofarealcapacitor.
FAULTMODEINPUTCURRENT:
Theinputcurrenttoapowersupplywithashortcircuitontheoutput.
FERRORESONANTPOWERSUPPLY:
Powersupplyusedathigherpowerlevelsinfixedapplications,sincetheyareveryheavy.CanonlybeusedeffectivelywhenthelinefrequencyisverystableastheyaresensitivetovariationsofinputACfrequencies.
FET:
FieldEffectTransistor,amajoritycarriervoltagecontrolledtransistor.
FILTER:
Afrequency-sensitivenetworkthatattenuatesunwantednoiseandripplecomponentsofarectifiedoutput.
FLOATINGOUTPUT:
Anoutputofapowersupplythatisnotconnectedorreferencedtoanyotheroutput,usuallydenotesfullgalvanicisolation.Theygenerallycabeusedaseitherpositiveornegativeoutputs.Non-floatingoutputsshareacommonreturnline,andarehenceDCreferencedtooneanother.
FLYBACKCONVERTER:
Theflybackconverteristhesimplesttypeofswitcher.Inmostcases,itusesoneswitchandonlyneedsonemagneticelement-thetransformer.Flybacksarelimitedtooutputsofgenerallylowerthan200Watts.
FOLDBACKCURRENTLIMITING:
Atypeofprotectioncircuitwheretheoutputcurrentdecreasesastheoverloadincreases.Theoutputcurrentreachesaminimumastheloadapproachesashort-circuitcondition.
FORWARDCONVERTER:
Similartoflybackconverterbuttheforwardconverterstoresenergyintheinductorinsteadofthetransformer.
FULLBRIDGEFORWARDCONVERTER:
Thefullbridgeismorecomplexthanotherswitchertopologies.Ithasthecapabilityforveryhighperformance.Itcanproducthighpowerwithfourswitchersandrequiresonlytwomagneticelements.
GROUND:
Anelectricalconnectiontoearthorsomeotherconductorthatisconnectedtoearth.Sometimestheterm“ground”isusedinplaceof“common”,butsuchusageisnotcorrectunlesstheconnectionisalsoconnectedtoearth.
GROUNDLOOP:
Anunintentionallyinducedfeedbackloopcausedbytwoormorecircuitssharingacommonelectricalground.
HAVERSINE:
Awaveformthatissinusoidalinnature,butconsistsofaportionofasinewavesuperimposedonanotherwaveform.Theinputcurrentwaveformtoatypicaloff-linepowersupplyhastheformofahaversine.
HEADROOM:
Usedinconjunctionwithseriespassregulators,andisthedifferencebetweentheinputandoutputvoltage.
HEATSINK:
Deviceusedtoconductawayanddispersetheheatgeneratedbyelectroniccomponents.
HIPOT:
AbbreviationforHighPotential,andgenerallyreferstothehighvoltagesusedtotestdielectricwithstandcapabilityforregulatoryagencyelectricalsafetyrequirements.
HOLD-UPTIME:
ThelengthoftimeapowersupplycanoperateinregulationafterfailureoftheACinput.Linearshaveveryshorthold-u
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