1954 CIA and Assassinations.docx
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1954 CIA and Assassinations.docx
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1954CIAandAssassinations
CIAandAssassinations:
TheGuatemala1954Documents
byKateDoyleandPeterKornbluh
http:
//www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB4/index.html
(lastaccessed19Feb09)
ASTUDYOFASSASSINATION
DEFINITION
Assassinationisatermthoughttobederivedfrom"Hashish",adrugsimilartomarijuana,saidtohavebeenusedbyHasan-Dan-Sabahtoinducemotivationinhisfollowers,whowereassignedtocarryoutpoliticalandothermurders,usuallyatthecostoftheirlives.
Itishereusedtodescribetheplannedkillingofapersonwhoisnotunderthelegaljurisdictionofthekiller,whoisnotphysicallyinthehandsofthekiller,whohasbeenselectedbyaresistanceorganizationfordeath,andwhohasbeenselectedbyaresistanceorganizationfordeath,andwhosedeathprovidespositiveadvantagestothatorganization.
EMPLOYMENT
Assassinationisanextrememeasurenotnormallyusedinclandestineoperations.ItshouldbeassumedthatitwillneverbeorderedorauthorizedbyanyU.S.Headquarters,thoughthelattermayinrareinstancesagreetoitsexecutionbymembersofanassociatedforeignservice.Thisreticenceispartlyduetothenecessityforcommittingcommunicationstopaper.Noassassinationinstructionsshouldeverbewrittenorrecorded.Consequently,thedecisiontoemploythistechniquemustnearlyalwaysbereachedinthefield,attheareawheretheactwilltakeplace.Decisionandinstructionsshouldbeconfinedtoanabsoluteminimumofpersons.Ideally,onlyonepersonwillbeinvolved.Noreportmaybemade,butusuallytheactwillbeproperlycoveredbynormalnewsservices,whoseoutputisavailabletoallconcerned.
JUSTIFICATION
Murderisnotmorallyjustifiable.Self-defensemaybearguedifthevictimhasknowledgewhichmaydestroytheresistanceorganizationifdivulged.Assassinationofpersonsresponsibleforatrocitiesorreprisalsmayberegardedasjustpunishment.Killingapoliticalleaderwhoseburgeoningcareerisaclearandpresentdangertothecauseoffreedommaybeheldnecessary.
Butassassinationcanseldombeemployedwithaclearconscience.Personswhoaremorallysqueamishshouldnotattemptit.
CLASSIFICATIONS
Thetechniquesemployedwillvaryaccordingtowhetherthesubjectisunawareofhisdanger,awarebutunguarded,orguarded.Theywillalsobeaffectedbywhetherornottheassassinistobekilledwiththesubjecthereafter,assassinationsinwhichthesubjectisunawarewillbetermed"simple";thosewherethesubjectisawarebutunguardedwillbetermed"chase";thosewherethevictimisguardedwillbetermed"guarded."
Iftheassassinistodiewiththesubject,theactwillbecalled"lost."Iftheassassinistoescape,theadjectivewillbe"safe."Itshouldbenotedthatnocompromisesshouldexisthere.Theassassinmustnotfallaliveintoenemyhands.
Afurthertypedivisioniscausedbytheneedtoconcealthefactthatthesubjectwasactuallythevictimofassassination,ratherthananaccidentornaturalcauses.Ifsuchconcealmentisdesirabletheoperationwillbecalled"secret";;ifconcealmentisimmaterial,theactwillbecalled"open";whileiftheassassinationrequirespublicitytobeeffectiveitwillbetermed"terroristic."
Followingthesedefinitions,theassassinationofJuliusCaesarwassafe,simple,andterroristic,whilethatofHueyLongwaslost,guardedandopen.Obviously,successfulsecretassassinationsarenotrecordedasassassinationatall.[Illeg]ofThailandandAugustusCaesarmayhavebeenthevictimsofsafe,guardedandsecretassassination.Chaseassassinationsusuallyinvolveclandestineagentsormembersofcriminalorganizations.
THEASSASSIN
Insafeassassinations,theassassinneedstheusualqualitiesofaclandestineagent.Heshouldbedetermined,courageous,intelligent,resourceful,andphysicallyactive.Ifspecialequipmentistobeused,suchasfirearmsordrugs,itisclearthathemusthaveoutstandingskillwithsuchequipment.
Exceptinterroristicassassinations,itisdesirablethattheassassinbetransientinthearea.Heshouldhaveanabsoluteminimumofcontactwiththerestoftheorganizationandhisinstructionsshouldbegivenorallybyonepersononly.Hissafeevacuationaftertheactisabsolutelyessential,buthereagaincontactshouldbeaslimitedaspossible.Itispreferablethatthepersonissuinginstructionsalsoconductanywithdrawalorcoveringactionwhichmaybenecessary.
Inlostassassination,theassassinmustbeafanaticofsomesort.Politics,religion,andrevengeareabouttheonlyfeasiblemotives.Sinceafanaticisunstablepsychologically,hemustbehandledwithextremecare.Hemustnotknowtheidentitiesoftheothermembersoftheorganization,foralthoughitisintendedthathedieintheact,somethingmaygowrong.WhiletheAssassinofTrotskyhasneverrevealedanysignificantinformation,itwasunsoundtodependonthiswhentheactwasplanned.
PLANNING
Whenthedecisiontoassassinatehasbeenreached,thetacticsoftheoperationmustbeplanned,baseduponanestimateofthesituationsimilartothatusedinmilitaryoperations.Thepreliminaryestimatewillrevealgapsininformationandpossiblyindicateaneedforspecialequipmentwhichmustbeprocuredorconstructed.Whenallnecessarydatahasbeencollected,aneffectivetacticalplancanbeprepared.Allplanningmustbemental;nopapersshouldevercontainevidenceoftheoperation.
Inresistancesituations,assassinationmaybeusedasacounter-reprisal.Sincethisrequiresadvertisingtobeeffective,theresistanceorganizationmustbeinapositiontowarnhighofficialspubliclythattheirliveswillbethepriceofreprisalactionagainstinnocentpeople.Suchathreatisofnovalueunlessitcanbecarriedout,soitmaybenecessarytoplantheassassinationofvariousresponsibleofficersoftheoppressiveregimeandholdsuchplansinreadinesstobeusedonlyifprovokedbyexcessivebrutality.Suchplansmustbemodifiedfrequentlytomeetchangesinthetacticalsituation.
TECHNIQUES
Theessentialpointofassassinationisthedeathofthesubject.Ahumanbeingmaybekilledinmanywaysbutsurenessisoftenoverlookedbythosewhomaybeemotionallyunstrungbytheseriousnessofthisacttheyintendtocommit.Thespecifictechniqueemployedwilldependuponalargenumberofvariables,butshouldbeconstantinonepoint:
Deathmustbeabsolutelycertain.TheattemptonHitler'slifefailedbecausetheconspiracydidnotgivethismatterproperattention.
Techniquesmaybeconsideredasfollows:
1.Manual.
Itispossibletokillamanwiththebarehands,butveryfewareskillfulenoughtodoitwell.EvenahighlytrainedJudoexpertwillhesitatetoriskkillingbyhandunlesshehasabsolutelynoalternative.However,thesimplestlocaltoolsareoftenmuchthemostefficientmeansofassassination.Ahammer,axe,wrench,screwdriver,firepoker,kitchenknife,lampstand,oranythinghard,heavyandhandywillsuffice.Alengthofropeorwireorabeltwilldoiftheassassinisstrongandagile.Allsuchimprovisedweaponshavetheimportantadvantageofavailabilityandapparentinnocence.TheobviouslylethalmachinegunfailedtokillTrotskywhereanitemofsportinggoodssucceeded.
Inallsafecaseswheretheassassinmaybesubjecttosearch,eitherbeforeoraftertheact,specializedweaponsshouldnotbeused.Eveninthelostcase,theassassinmayaccidentallybesearchedbeforetheactandshouldnotcarryanincriminatingdeviceifanysortoflethalweaponcanbeimprovisedatornearthesite.Iftheassassinnormallycarriesweaponsbecauseofthenatureofhisjob,itmaystillbedesirabletoimproviseandimplementatthescenetoavoiddisclosureofhisidentity.
2.Accidents.
Forsecretassassination,eithersimpleorchase,thecontrivedaccidentisthemosteffectivetechnique.Whensuccessfullyexecuted,itcauseslittleexcitementandisonlycasuallyinvestigated.
Themostefficientaccident,insimpleassassination,isafallof75feetormoreontoahardsurface.Elevatorshafts,stairwells,unscreenedwindowsandbridgeswillserve.Bridgefallsintowaterarenotreliable.Insimplecasesaprivatemeetingwiththesubjectmaybearrangedataproperly-casedlocation.Theactmaybeexecutedbysudden,vigorous[excised]oftheankles,tippingthesubjectovertheedge.Iftheassassinimmediatelysetsupanoutcry,playingthe"horrifiedwitness",noalibiorsurreptitiouswithdrawalisnecessary.Inchasecasesitwillusuallybenecessarytostunordrugthesubjectbeforedroppinghim.Careisrequiredtoinsurethatnowoundorconditionnotattributabletothefallisdiscernibleafterdeath.
Fallsintotheseaorswiftlyflowingriversmaysufficeifthesubjectcannotswim.Itwillbemorereliableiftheassassincanarrangetoattemptrescue,ashecanthusbesureofthesubject'sdeathandatthesametimeestablishaworkablealibi.
Ifthesubject'spersonalhabitsmakeitfeasible,alcoholmaybeused[2wordsexcised]topreparehimforacontrivedaccidentofanykind.
Fallsbeforetrainsorsubwaycarsareusuallyeffective,butrequireexacttimingandcanseldombefreefromunexpectedobservation.
Automobileaccidentsarealesssatisfactorymeansofassassination.Ifthesubjectisdeliberatelyrundown,veryexacttimingisnecessaryandinvestigationislikelytobethorough.Ifthesubject'scaristamperedwith,reliabilityisverylow.Thesubjectmaybestunnedordruggedandthenplacedinthecar,butthisisonlyreliablewhenthecarcanberunoffahighclifforintodeepwaterwithoutobservation.
Arsoncancauseaccidentaldeathifthesubjectisdrugged
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