托福入学测试模拟卷.docx
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托福入学测试模拟卷.docx
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托福入学测试模拟卷
LONGRETOEFLAdmissionTest-GeneralModule
一.同义词
1.Thoughclumsyandbulkyithasavirtuedeartoarchaeologists:
itisdurable.Fire,forexample,whichisdeathtopapyruspaperorotherwritingmaterialssuchasleatherandwood,simplybakesithard,therebymakingitevenmoredurable.
Theword“virtue”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.price
B.design
C.desirablequality
D.physicalcharacteristic
2.Wealthcouldbetaxed,andthroughtaxation,kingscouldcreatestrongandcentralizedstates.Intheyearstocome,allianceswiththemiddleclassesweretoenablekingstoweakenaristocraticinterestsandbuildthestatesthatcametobecalledmodern.
Theword"alliances"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.transactions
B.communications
C.partnerships
D.conflicts
3.First,iftherearemorespeciesinanecosystem,thenitsfoodwebwillbemorecomplex,withgreaterredundancyamongspeciesintermsoftheirnutritionalroles.Theword“redundancy”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.duplication
B.variety
C.requirements
D.flexibility
4.However,themassiveincreaseinpopulationthatinEuropewasatfirstattributedtoindustrializationstartingintheeighteenthcenturyoccurredalsoandatthesameperiodinChina,eventhoughtherewasnocomparableindustrialization.
Theword“attributed”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.accustomed
B.credited
C.exposed
D.transformed
5.Confrontedwithamultitudeofunreliablefigures,economistshavecomparedthepopulationrecordswiththeaggregatedataforcultivatedlandareaandgrainproductioninthesixcenturiessince1368.
Theword“aggregate”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.available
B.reliable
C.combined
D.recorded
6.Therewasalsoagaininfarmtools,draftanimals,andfertilizer,tosaynothingofthepopulationgrowthitself,whichincreasedhalfagainasfastascultivatedlandareaandsoincreasedtheratioofhumanhandsavailableperunitofland.
Theword“ratio”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.proportion
B.availability
C.importance
D.cost
7.Townsandcitieswereestablishednotonlyasgarrisons(militaryposts)butascentersforthediffusionofGreeklanguage,literature,andthought,particularlythroughlibraries,asatAntioch(inmodernTurkey)andthemostfamousofall,atAlexandriainEgypt,whichwouldbethefinestintheworldforthenextthousandyears.
Theword"diffusion"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.adoption
B.spread
C.teaching
D.learning
8.Intheocean,microscopicphytoplankton(tinyfloatingplants)andbacteria(simple,single-celledorganisms)aretheprincipalsourcesoforganicmatterthatistrappedandburiedinsediment.
Theword"trapped"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.hidden
B.destroyed
C.caught
D.found
9.Whenthecurrentapproachestheequator,thewestward-flowingtradewindscausenutrient-richcoldwateralongthecoasttorisefromdeeperdepthstomoreshallowones.
Theword"approaches"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.nears
B.crosses
C.travelsalong
D.leaves
10.Infact,thelinkbetweenthetwoissogreatthattheyareoftenreferredtojointlyasENSO(ElNino-SouthernOscillation).
Theword"jointly"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.together
B.therefore
C.rightfully
D.simply
二.语法改错
11.Vitamin D,which the body needs in order to absorb calcium,is produced when skinis exposed to ultraviolet rays.
(A) calcium,is produced
(B) calcium,and is
(C) calcium,producing it
(D) calciumand produces
(E) calciumand produces it
12.ThesubtitleofMaryShelley'sgothicmasterpieceFrankenstein;or,TheModernPrometheusreferstoamythicalGreekcharacter,hestolefirefromthegods.
(A)character,hestole
(B)characterwhostole
(C)character,whohavingstolen
(D)character,whosestealing
(E)charactertohavestolen
13.Whentheweatherwasnice,Lisawasmorelikelytowalkthantakingthebusbecausetheroutetoherschooltookherthroughabeautifulpark.
(A)wasmorelikelytowalkthantaking
(B)wasmorelikelytowalkthantotake
(C)beingmorelikelytowalkinsteadoftaking
(D)ismorelikelywalkingthantaking
(E)ismorelikelytowalkastake
14.Inatypicalrestaurantkitchen,thechefranksabovethesous-chef,whichisusuallyresponsibleforsupervisingthelinecooks,whodotheactualcooking.
(A)whichisusuallyresponsibleforsupervising
(B)whichisusuallyresponsibletosupervise
(C)whoseusualresponsibilityistheysupervise
(D)whoisusuallyresponsibletosupervise
(E)whoisusuallyresponsibleforsupervising
15.Musicseemstobeuniversal,whichexistsinsomeforminallhumancultures.
(A)whichexists
(B)whereitexists
(C)itexists
(D)exists
(E)existing
三.阅读理解
Siam,1851–1910
【Paragraph1】Inthelatenineteenthcentury,politicalandsocialchangeswereoccurringrapidlyinSiam(nowThailand).Theoldrulingfamilieswerebeingdisplacedbyanevolvingcentralizedgovernment.Thesefamilieswerepensionedoff(givenasumofmoneytoliveon)orsimplyhadtheirrevenuestakenawayorrestricted;theirsonswereenticedawaytoschoolsfordistrictofficers,latertobepostedinsomefarawayprovince;andtheoldpatron-clientrelationsthathadboundtogetherlocalsocietiessimplydisintegrated.Localrulerscouldnolongerprotecttheirrelativesandattendantsinlegalcases,andwiththeendingin1905ofthepracticeofforcingpeasantfarmerstoworkpart-timeforlocalrulers,therulersnolongerhadaregularbaseforrelationswithruralpopulations.Theoldlocalrulingfamilies,then,wereseveredfromtheirtraditionalsocialcontext.
16.Accordingtoparagraph1,thesituationforSiam’soldrulingfamilieschangedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT:
○Theirincomeswerereduced.
○Theirsonswerepostedasdistrictofficersindistantprovinces.
○Theycouldselllandsthathadtraditionallybelongedtothem.
○Theyhadlesscontrolovertheruralpopulations.
【Paragraph2】Thesamesituationviewedfromtheperspectiveoftheruralpopulationisevenmorecomplex.Accordingtothegovernment’sfirstcensusoftheruralpopulation,takenin1905,therewereaboutthirtythousandvillagesinSiam.Thiswasprobablyalargeincreaseoverthefigureeventwoorthreedecadesearlier,duringthelate1800s.Itisdifficulttoimagineitnow,butSiam’sCentralPlaininthelate1800swasnowherenearasdenselysettledasitistoday.TherewerestillforestscloselysurroundingBangkokintothelastofthenineteenthcentury,andevenatcentury’sendtherewerewildelephantsandtigersroamingthecountrysideonlytwentyorthirtymilesaway.
17.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingwastrueofSiamin1905?
○Itsurbanpopulationbegantomigrateoutofthecitiesandintothecountry.
○ItsCentralPlainwasalmostasdenselypopulatedasitistoday.
○ItwassoruralthatwildelephantsandtigerssometimesroamedBangkok.
○Ithadmanymorevillagesthanitdidinthelate1800s.
【Paragraph3】Muchpopulationmovementinvolvedtheopeningupofnewlandsforricecultivation.Twothingsmadethispossibleandencouragedittohappen.First,theopeningofthekingdomtothefullforceofinternationaltradebytheBoringTreaty(1855)rapidlyencouragedeconomicspecializationinthegrowingofrice,mainlytofeedtherice-deficientportionsofAsia(Indiaandchinainparticular).TheaverageannualvolumeofriceexportedfromSiamgrewfromunder60millionkilogramsperyearinthelate1850stomorethan660millionkilogramsperyearattheturnofthecentury;andoverthesameperiodtheaveragepriceperkilogramdoubled.Duringthesameperiod,theareaplantedinriceincreasedfromabout230,000acrestomorethan350,000acres.Thisgrowthwasachievedastheresultofthecollectivedecisionsofthousandsofpeasantsfamiliestoexpandtheamountoflandtheycultivated,clearandplantnewland,oradoptmoreintensivemethodsofagriculture.
18.Paragraph3mentionsallofthefollowingassignsofeconomicgrowthinSiamEXCEPT
○anincreaseinthepriceorrice
○anincreaseintheamountofriceleavingSiam
○anincreaseinthenutritionalqualityofthericegrown
○anincreaseintheamountoflandusedforriceproduction
19.Accordingtoparagraph3,farmingfamiliesincreasedtheamountofricetheygrewinpartby
○growingvarietiesofricethatproducedgreateryields
○formingcollectivefarmsbyjoiningtogetherwithotherfarmfamilies
○plantingriceinareasthathadpreviouslyremainedunplanted
○hiringlaborerstohelpthemtendtheirfields
【Paragraph4】Theywereabletodosobecauseofoursecondconsideration.Theywererelativelyfreerthantheyhadbeenhalfacenturyearlier.OverthecourseoftheFifthReign(1868-1910),thetiesthatboundruralpeopletothearistocracyandlocalrulingelitesweregreatlyreduced.Peasantsnowpaidataxonindividualsinsteadofbeingrequiredtorenderlaborservicetothegovernment.Undertheseconditions,itmadegoodsensetothousandsofpeasantfamiliestoineffectworkfull-timeatwhattheyhadbeenabletodoonlypart-timepreviouslybecauseoftherequirementtoworkforthegovernment:
growriceforthemarketplace.
20.Accordingtoparagraph4,whathappenedafterthegovernmentendedthepracticeofrequiringruralpeopletoperformlaborforit?
○Ruralpeoplebecamemorecloselyconnectedtothearistocracy.
○ralpeoplespentmoretimegrowingriceforprofit.
○Thegovernmentbegantopaythelaborerswhogrewriceforit.
○Thegovernmentintro
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