unit听力大案及原文.docx
- 文档编号:5600812
- 上传时间:2022-12-28
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:8
- 大小:22.35KB
unit听力大案及原文.docx
《unit听力大案及原文.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《unit听力大案及原文.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
unit听力大案及原文
Unit1
Listening
Businessesarestructuredindifferentwaystomeetdifferentneeds.
Thesimplestformofbusinessiscalledanindividualorsoleproprietorship.Theproprietor(经营者)ownsallofthepropertyofthebusinessandisresponsibleforeverything.
Forlegalpurposes,withthiskindofbusiness,theownerandthecompanyarethesame.Thismeansthattheproprietorgetstokeepalloftheprofitsofthebusiness,butalsomustpayanydebts.
Anotherkindofbusinessisthepartnership.Twoormorepeoplegointobusinesstogether.Anagreementisusuallyneededtodecidehowmuchofthepartnershipeachpersoncontrols.
Onekindofpartnershipiscalledalimitedliabilitypartnership.Thesehavefullpartnersandlimitedpartners.Limitedpartnersmaynotshareasmuchintheprofits,buttheyalsohavelessresponsibilitiesforthebusiness.
Doctors,lawyersandaccountantsoftenformpartnershipstosharetheirrisksandprofits.Ahusbandandwifecanformabusinesspartnershiptogether.
Partnershipsexistonlyforaslongastheownersremainalive.Thesameistrueofindividual
Aboardofdirectorscontrolcorporatepolicies.Thedirectorsappointtopcompanyofficers.Thedirectorsmightormightnotholdsharesinthecorporation.
Butnotallcorporationsaretraditionalbusinessesthatsellstock.Somenonprofitgroupsarealsoorganizedascorporations.
Unit2
Scriptforlisteningtask
Task1p40-41
Keys:
1.BACDA
2.particular;concrete;inthelightofthepast;outsidehisregard;asneartheearthasapolitician
Unit3
Listening
KeystoAfter-classtasks
Task2
FTFF
Scriptforlistening:
Peopledifferinmanyways.Onedifferenceisinhowattractivetheyare.TheactorBradPitt,forinstance,isahandsomeman.Inpartforthisreason,hismoviesattractlargeaudiences.Notsurprisingly,thelargeaudiencesmeanalargeincomeforMr.Pitt.
HowprevalentaretheeconomicbenefitsofbeautyLaboreconomistsDanielHamermeshandJeffBiddletriedtoanswerthisquestioninastudypublishedintheDecember1994issueofTheAmericanEconomicReview.HamermeshandBiddleexamineddatafromsurveysofindividualsintheUnitedStatesandCanada.Theinterviewerswhoconductedthesurveywereaskedtorateeachrespondent’sphysicalappearance.HamermeshandBiddlethenexaminedhowmuchthewagesoftherespondentsdependedonthestandarddeterminants---education,experience,andsoon---andhowmuchtheydependedonphysicalappearance.
HamermeshandBiddlefoundthatbeautypays.Peoplewhoaredeemedtobemoreattractivethanaverageearnfivepercentmorethanpeopleofaveragelooks.Peopleofaveragelooksearnfiveto10percentmorethanpeopleconsideredlessattractivethanaverage.Similarresultswerefoundformenandwomen.
WhatexplainsthesedifferencesinwagesThereareseveralwaystointerpretthe“beautypremium”.
Oneinterpretationisthatgoodlooksarethemselvesatypeofinnateabilitydeterminingproductivityandwages.Somepeoplearebornwiththeattributesofamoviestar;otherpeoplearenot.Goodlooksareusefulinanyjobinwhichworkerspresentthemselvestothepublic---suchasacting,sales,andwaitingontables.Inthiscase,anattractiveworkerismorevaluabletothefirmthananunattractiveworker.Thefirm’swillingnesstopaymoretoattractiveworkersreflectsitscustomers’preferences.
Asecondinterpretationisthatreportedbeautyisanindirectmeasureofothertypesofability.Howattractiveapersonappearsdependsonmorethanjustheredity.Italsodependsondress,hairstyle,personaldemeanor,andotherattributesthatapersoncancontrol.Perhapsapersonwhosuccessfullyprojectsanattractiveimageinasurveyinterviewismorelikelytobeanintelligentpersonwhosucceedsatothertasksaswell.
Athirdinterpretationisthatthebeautypremiumisatypeofdiscrimination,atopictowhichwereturnlater.
Unit4
Listening
Keystotextbooktasks
1.demography;thescientificstudyofpopulation
2.standardmeasures;births;deaths;thenumberofthosemovinginandout;generalstatistics;identifytrends
1.thenumberofbirthsper1000peopleinagivenyear
2.thenumberofdeathsper1000peopleinagivenyear
3.thenumberoflivebirthsper1000womenoftheworld
4.18
Listeningscript:
Thescientificstudyofpopulationisknownasdemography.ThewordcomesfromtheGreekfor“measuringpeople”.Butcountingheadsisonlyasmallpartofwhatdemographersdo.Theyalsoattempttocalculatethegrowthrateofapopulationandtoassesstheimpactofsuchthingsasthemarriagerateandlifeexpectancy,thesexratio,theagestructureonhumanbehaviorandthestructureofsociety.Theyareinterestedinthedistributionofpopulationandinmovementsofpeople.Putanotherway,demographersstudytheeffectsofsuchnumbersonsocialtrends.
Demographersuseanumberofstandardmeasuresintranslatingalocality’srawtotals---births,deaths,thenumberofthosemovinginandout---intogeneralstatisticsthatallowthemtoidentifytrends.Thebirthrateisthenumberofbirthsper1000peopleinagivenyears.Supposetherewere900birthsinacityof50000inaspecificyear.Demographerscalculatethebirthrateforthecitybydividingthenumberofbirths(900)bythepopulation(50000)andmultiplyingtheresultby1000toget18.Thebirthrateindevelopedcountriesis;inlessdevelopedcountriesitis.Thedeathrateisthenumberofdeathsper1000peopleinagivenyear.Thefertilityrateisthenumberoflivebirthsper1000womenoftheworld.Asmentionedearlier,populationandpopulationgrowthratesarehighestindevelopingnationsandlowerinWesternnations.Theseratesarealsocomplicatedbymassmovementsofrefugeestoandfromcertaincountries.By1994thepopulationofrefugeeswasover23million,upfromabout10millionrefugeesworldwidein1983.MassmovementsofpeopleintoandoutofAfghanistan,SomaliaandMozambiquehavecontributedtothissharpincrease.Famineandpoliticalupheavalareusuallybehindthesemassexoduses.
Unit5
Listening
Task1
1)cultureidentity2)ethnicidentity
3)culturalgroup4)ethnicgroup
2.
1)Cultureidentityembodiesstandardsofbehaviorandthewaysinwhichbeliefs,values,andattitudesaretransmittedtotheyoungergeneration.Italsoentailsthewaysinwhichkinshiprelationshipsandmaritalandsexualrelationshipsarestructured.
2)Ethnicidentityreferstothegeographicoriginofaminoritygroupwithinacountryorculture.
3)Culturalgroupreferstoasetofpeoplewhoembracecorebeliefs,behaviors,values,andnormsandtransmitthemfromgenerationtogeneration.
4)Ethnicgroupisasetofpeoplewhoareembeddedwithinalargerculturalgrouporsocietyandwhosharebeliefs,behaviors,values,andnormsthatarealsotransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.
Dictation
One’sculturalidentityisanimportantaspectofbeinghuman.Culturalidentityevolvesfromthesharedbeliefs,values,andattitudesofagroupofpeople.Itembodiesstandardsofbehaviorandthewaysinwhichbeliefs,values,andattitudesaretransmittedtotheyoungergeneration.Culturalidentityalsoentailsthewaysinwhichkinshiprelationshipsandmaritalandsexualrelationshipsarestructured.ExamplesofthevastarrayofculturalidentitiesintheUnitedStatesincludeAngloAmerican,ItalianAmerican,AfricanAmerican,andAsianAmerican–tonamejustafew
Script:
One’sculturalidentityisanimportantaspectofbeinghuman.Culturalidentityevolvesfromthesharedbeliefs,values,andattitudesofagroupofpeople.Itembodiesstandardsofbehaviorandthewaysinwhichbeliefs,values,andattitudesaretransmittedtotheyoungergeneration.Culturalidentityalsoentailsthewaysinwhichkinshiprelationshipsandmaritalandsexualrelationshipsarestructured.ExamplesofthevastarrayofculturalidentitiesintheUnitedStatesincludeAngloAmerican,ItalianAmerican,AfricanAmerican,andAsianAmerican–tonamejustafew.
Culturalidentitytranscendsethnicidentity,orethnicity,whichreferstothegeographicoriginofaminoritygroupwithinacountryorculture.Whereasmanypeoplelearnabouttheirspecificethnicidentitiesfromtheirparents,manymorechildrenarebornwithparentsfromseveralethnicgroups.AsthisincreasesintheUnitedStates,moreyoungpeopleareunclearabouttheirethnicidentityandaresimplycallingthemselvesAmerican.
Aculturalgroupisasetofpeoplewhoembracecorebeliefs,behaviors,values,andnormsandtransmitthemfromgenerationtogeneration.Mostculturescontainsubgroupscalledco-cultures,distinctculturalofsocialgroupslivingwithinthelesbians.AnEthnicgroupisasetofpeoplewhoareembeddedwithinalargerculturalgrouporsocietyandwhosharebeliefs,behaviors,values,andnormsthatarealsotransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.Ethnicityplaysamajorroleindeterminingwhatweeatandhowwework,relate,celebrateholidaysandrituals,andfeelaboutlifeanddeathanillness.
Unit6
Listening
Keystotextbooktasks
Task1
1.
1)blogger:
someone’sonlinerecordofthewebsitesheorshevisits.
2)Weblogger:
one-personInternetblabbermouthswhopopofftoanyonewhowilllisten
2.
1).TVhascopedwellwithtechnologicalchange
2).almost37hoursaweekwatchingtelevision
3).peopleareconstantlymessagingandtweetingaboutthem,anddiscussingthemonFacebook.
4).morethantwomillioninAmericalastyear
5).morethan600today
6).payingforgreatertelevisionchoice
Script:
Task1
Internetjournalismhasbeengreatlyinfluencedbytheso-called“bloggers”.Inthestrictsense,abloggerissomeone’sonline
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- unit 听力 大案 原文