高中英语阅读理解试题及答案.docx
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高中英语阅读理解试题及答案.docx
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高中英语阅读理解试题及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.(2019•全国Ⅱ)阅读理解
“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykidslacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”
I'msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.
Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:
Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.
Inthatsense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI'dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?
(1)Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?
A. Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.
B. Sheisn'tgoodatsports.
C. Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.
D. She'sunabletomeetherschedule.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?
A. Encourageteamwork.
B. Appealtofeeling.
C. Promotegooddeeds.
D. Provideadvice.
(3)Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?
A. Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.
B. Sheisproudofherkids.
C. She'llworkforanotherseason.
D. Shebecomesagoodhelper.
(4)Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?
A. Itgivesherasenseofduty.
B. Itmakesherveryhappy.
C. Itenableshertoworkhard.
D. Itbringshermaterialrewards.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章,讲述作者邀请并说服一位不愿意当志愿者的家长帮忙,在孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部为孩子们提供志愿服务,从而从志愿活动中得到快乐。
(1)推理判断题。
句意“你可以把我当作最后的手段,如果没有其他人自愿的话,我会去做的。
”在第二段中的demandingworkschedule和anunknownsport均是作者猜测的,所以ABD不对。
根据第二段最后的the unwilling parent 可以看出这位家长也许不想当自愿者。
故答案为C。
(2)词义猜测题。
A、鼓励团队协作;B、诉诸情感;C、促进良好行为;D、提供建议。
前一句提到Shemayjust needalittlepersuading(她也许只是需要一点儿劝说),所以“我又尝试了并……”,后一句作者“提到一个带着4个孩子的单亲妈妈”,“谈到自己的孩子不在球队里的父亲当教练”等都是从情感上打动这位家长,故答案为B。
(3)细节理解题。
根据第三段中的描述organizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,“那位不情愿的家长安排用餐时间,发邮件,并为季末礼物筹款,并最终成为了团队中一个成员”,可知这位家长成为一个得力的助手,让其他的家长有时间去准备下一个赛季的事情。
故答案为D。
(4)细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段最后的providesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood可知因为志愿工作带来快乐,故答案为B。
【点评】考查对文章的理解和词义的猜测。
在通读短文的基础上紧扣问题,利用关键词在文中定位,认真分析。
2.阅读理解
Whenyouliveintotalmessiness—cookiesinyourpantsdraws,andsomeoldNewYorkersorappleseedsinyourbed—it'shardtoknowwheretolookforwhenyouloseyourkeys.Theotherday,aftertwoweeksofsearching,Ifoundmykeysintherefrigerator.Ican'tsayIwassurprised.ButIwassurprisedwhenIwasdiagnosedwithADHD(多动症),whenIwasajunioratYale.
Accordingtoanewstudy,11%ofschool-agechildrenhavereceivedanADHDdiagnosis,a16%increasesince2007.Andrisingdiagnosesmeanrisingtreatments—drugslikeAdderallaremoreaccessiblethanever.However,theconsequencesofmisuseandabuseofthesedrugsaredangerous.
YetalsoharmfularetheconsequencesofADHDundiagnosed,anall-too-commonstoryforwomenlikeme,whohavesymptoms,likedisorganizationandforgetfulness,whichlookdifferentfromthosetypicallyexpressedinmales.
Dr.Ellen,authorofUnderstandingGirlswithADHD,hasfoundaround4millionfemaleswithADHDarenotdiagnosed."Themainreasonisthatthediagnosticcriteriaweredevelopedbasedonthosehyperactive(过度活跃)youngboystakentoclinics,makingitdifficultforgirlstobediagnosedunlesstheybehavelikehyperactiveboys."Ellensays.
Besides,theideathatyoungwomenactuallyhaveADHDoftencausesskepticism.Asatopstudent,Ididn'tbelievemydiagnosisatfirst.Myfriendswerealsoconfused,andrathercertainmydoctorwasmisguided.
"Often,ifgirlsaresmartorinsupportivehomes,symptomsaremasked,"Dr.Ellensays."Girlswillhidetheirinabilitytomeetsocialexpectations.Theyseetheirtroubleorganizing,andconcentratingascharacterflaws(缺陷)."
Theseyears,Iambothembarrassedandexhaustedbymystrugglestokeeptrackofobjects,butdrughashelpeditandmadeitmorebearable.
(1)Thewriterpresentsthefirstparagraphto .
A. airherviewwithanexample
B. bringupthetopicofthepassage
C. showyoungpeople'smessiness D. proveYalealsohasADHDstudents
(2)ManyfemalewithADHDarenotdiagnosedmainlybecause .
A.thediagnosticcriteriaaremadeaccordingtomaleADHD
B.theyaresmartenoughtomasktheirADHDsymptoms
C.theydon'tviewtheirtroubleassymptomsofADHD
D.womenADHDaremorehyperactivethanyoungboys
(3)Whatdoestheword"skepticism"inParagraph5probablymean?
A.panic.
B.stubbornness.
C.debate.
D.doubt.
(4)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A.WhyfemaleADHDpatientsdevelopthedisease.
B.WhymanyfemaleADHDpatientsareundiagnosed.
C.HowyoungADHDpatientsarecuredofthedisease.
D.HowmuchhelpADHDpatientscangetfrommedication.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】文章借由作者的亲身经历讲述女性多动症不容易被诊断出来的原因。
(1)推理判断题。
根据文章第一段的结构和ButIwassurprisedwhenIwasdiagnosedwithADHD(多动症),whenIwasajunioratYale.以及下文关于多动症的内容可知,作者讲述第一段的目的是为了引出下文关于多动症的话题,故选B项。
(2)细节理解题。
根据文章第四段的Themainreasonisthatthediagnosticcriteriaweredevelopedbasedonthosehyperactive(过度活跃)youngboystakentoclinics,makingitdifficultforgirlstobediagnosedunlesstheybehavelikehyperactiveboys.可知诊断多动症的标准是基于过度活跃的年轻男孩来制定的,所以很难诊断出女孩,除非她们的行为像过度活跃的男孩,故选A项。
(3)词义猜测题。
根据画线部分后面的Asatopstudent,Ididn'tbelievemydiagnosisatfirst.Myfriendswerealsoconfused,andrathercertainmydoctorwasmisguided.可知作者一开始不相信多动症的诊断结果,她的朋友也很困惑,认为是医生诊断错误,即她们都怀疑医生的诊断,故推测画线部分的意思是"怀疑",故选D项。
(4)主旨大意题。
文章第三段主要讲述女性多动症的症状和男性不同;第四段主要讲述女孩很难被诊断出多动症,因为诊断标准是按男性制定的;第五段主要讲述女性自己会怀疑诊断结果;第六段主要讲述女性会把多动症症状隐藏起来。
综上所述,本文主要讲述女性不容易被诊断出多动症的原因,故选B项。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题,细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案;推理判断题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息;词义猜测题要结合划线词所在语境,推测词义;主旨大意题需要通读全文,了解大意之后找出中心思想
3.阅读理解
Microsoftannouncedthisweekthatitsfacial-recognitionsystemisnowmoreaccurateinidentifyingpeopleofcolor,touting(吹嘘)itsprogressattacklingoneofthetechnology'sbiggestbiases(偏见).
Butcritics,citingMicrosoft'sworkwithImmigrationandCustomsEnforcement,quicklyseizedonhowthatimprovedtechnologymightbeused.TheagencycontractswithMicrosoftforcloud-computingtoolsthatthetechgiantsaysislargelylimitedtoofficeworkbutcanalsoincludefacerecognition.
ColumbiaUniversityprofessorAlondraNelsontweeted,"Wemuststopconfusing'inclusion'inmore'diverse'surveillance(监管)systemswithjusticeandequality."
Facial-recognitionsystemsmoreoftenmisidentifypeopleofcolorbecauseofalong-runningdataproblem:
Themassivesetsoffacialimagestheytrainonskewheavilytowardwhitemen.AMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologystudythisyearoftheface-recognitionsystemsdesignedbyMicrosoft,IBMandtheChina-basedFace++foundthatfacial-recognitionsystemsconsistentlygivingthewronggenderforfamouswomenofcolorincludingOprahWinfrey,SerenaWilliams,MichelleObamaandShirleyChisholm,thefirstblackfemalememberofCongress.
Thecompanieshaverespondedinrecentmonthsbypouringmanymorephotosintothemix,hopingtotrainthesystemstobettertellthedifferencesamongmorethanjustwhitefaces.IBMsaidWednesdayitused1millionfacialimages,takenfromthephoto-sharingsiteFlickr,tobuildthe"world'slargestfacialdata-set"whichitwillreleasepubliclyforothercompaniestouse.
IBMandMicrosoftsaythatalloweditssystemstorecognizegenderandskintonewithmuchmoreprecision.Microsoftsaiditsimprovedsystemreducedtheerrorratesfordarker-skinnedmenandwomenby"upto20times,"andreducederrorratesforallwomenbyninetimes.
Thoseimprovementswereheralded(宣布)bysomefortakingaimattheprejudicesinarapidlyspreadingtechnology,includingpotentiallyreducingthekindsoffalsepositivesthatcouldleadpoliceofficersmisidentifyacriminalsuspect.
Butotherssuggestedthatthetechnology'sincreasingaccuracycouldalsomakeitmoremarketable.Thesystemshouldbeaccurate,"butthat'sjustthebeginning,nottheend,oftheirethicalobligation,"saidDavidRobinson,managingdirectorofthethinktankUpturn.
AtthecenterofthatdebateisMicrosoft,whosemultimillion-dollarcontractswithICEcameunderfireamidtheagency'sseparationofmigrantparentsandchildrenattheMexicanborder.
InanopenlettertoMicrosoftchiefexecutiveSatyaNadellaurgingtheco
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