英语单词各种词缀一览表.docx

英语单词各种词缀一览表.docx

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英语单词各种词缀一览表

英语单词

各种词性

一览表

词性尾缀其实很多，大家主要记住最常用的

1.名词后缀

1）-or/er/ess/crat/cis:

做某件事情或职业的人或物：

worker,debtor

2）-acy,表示"性质，状态，境遇"democracy,accuracy,diplomacy

3）-ance,-ence表示"性质，情况，行为，过程，总量，程度”importance,diligence,difference,obedience

4）-ancy,-ency,表示"性质，状态，行为，过程"frequency,urgency,efficiency,

5）-bility,表示"动作，性质，状态"possibility,flexibility,feasibility,

6）-dom,表示"等级，领域，状态"freedom,kingdom,wisdom

7）-hood,表示"资格，身份,年纪，状态"childhood,manhood,falsehood

8）-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示"行为的过程，

结果，状况"action,solution,conclusion,destruction,

expression,correction

9）-ism,表示"制度，主义，学说，信奉，行为"socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism

10）-ity,表示"性质，状态，程度”purity,reality,ability,calamity

11）-ment,表示"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument

12）-ness,表示"性质，状态，程度"goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness

13）-ship,表示"情况，性质，技巧，技术及身份，职业”hardship,membership,friendship

14）-th,表示"动作，性质，过程，状态"depth,wealth,truth,length,growth

15）-tude,表示"性质，状态，程度"latitude,altitude（海拔）

16）-ure,表示"行为，结果"exposure,pressure,failure,

procedure（手续），

17-grapy,表示"学，写法”biography,calligraphy,geography

18）-ic,ics,表示"学法"logic,mechanics,

electronics,linguistics

19）-ology,表示"学论”biology,zoology,

technology（工艺学）

20）-nomy,表示"学术"astronomy,economy,

bionomy（生态学）

2.形容词后缀

（1）带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义

1）-able,-ible,visible,flexible

2）名词-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish（注意accomplish,

vanish）

3）-ive,active,sensitive,productive

4）-like,manlike,childlike

5）名词-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly

6）-some,troublesome,handsome

7）-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful

8）-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various

9）-ent,violent

10）-most,foremost,topmost

11）less,表示否定，countless,stainless,wireless

3.动词后缀

1）-ize,ise,表示"做成，变成，化“modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize

2）-en,表示"使成为，引起，使有”quicken,weaken,soften,harden

3）-fy,表示"使化,使成”beautify,purify,intensify,

signify,simplify

4）-ish,表示"使，令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish

5）-ate,表示“成为，办理，作用”separate,operate,indicate

4.副词后缀

（形容词）-ly：

bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully

小心地

词缀含义例词

-wise（OE）：

clock→

clockwise（

a./adv.）顺

时针方向的

（地）;like

→likewise

同样地

-wards：

out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地

常有词缀一览表

1.名词后缀

-ercooker

teacher

-ordoctor

actor

-istartist

novelist

-manpostman

chairman

-（i）anmusician

Asian

-eerengineer

mountaineer

-eeemployee

interviewee

-eseChinese

Japanese

-mate

有关系人

roommate

classmate

-ance性质，情况，行动，过程，appearance

总量performance

-ence

difference

independence

-ing动作，职业，东西，器物feelingsightseeing

-tion

education

information

-sion

decision

television

-ment

行为的结果或方式

development

equipment

-age活动，身份，状态，花销，marriage

会集shortage

-dom状态，领域freedom

kingdom

-ness性质，状态happiness

illness

-graph文字，书写autograph

paragraph

-hood身份，地位，生活情况childhoodneighborhood

-ics学科或某种活动politics

physics

-phone声音的工具telephone

microphone

-ship状态，身份，职务friendship

leadership

-ism

主义

socialism

pessimism

-ery

性质，行为，习惯

discovery

slavery

-al

动作，过程

arrival

denial

-ability

能力

capability

availability

-ibility

能力

possibility

responsibility

-ty

loyalty

safety

-ure

failure

pleasure

-ydifficulty

discovery

-ology学科biology

ecology

2.形容词后缀

词缀含义例词

-able

comfortable

suitable

-ible

terrible

horrible

-al

nationalmusical

-ant

important

pleasant

-ent

different

intellight

-ary

necessary

ordinary

-ive

/

active

attractive

-ywindydirty

-ed

excited

interested

-ing

exciting

interesting

-ese

Chinese

Japanese

-ful

careful

colorful

-ian

Asian

American

-ish

childish

selfish

-less

careless

hopeless

-like

childlike

-ly

lovely

yearly

-ousfamousserious

-enwoolenwooden

-sometroublesometiresome

-icalclassical

economical

-icclassic

economic

-freecarefree

tax-free

-mindedopen-minded

absent-minded

-ologicalbiological

ecological

3.动词后缀

词缀

含义

例词

-en

使变成

widenbrighten

-ise/ize

使成为

apologize

criticize

-（i）fy

使成为

purify

simplify

4.副词后缀

词缀

-ly

含义

地

例词

quickly

suddenly

-ward（s）朝方向westward

backward

5.表否定意义的前缀

词缀含义例词

dis-不,相反dislike

disagree

illegal

il-不、无、非

illogical

impossible

im-不、无

immoral

incapable

in-不、无、非

incorrect

ir-不、无irregular

irresistible

nonsmoker

non-不

nonstop

unreal

un-不

unlock

mal-恶、maltreat

Malnutrition

mis-误、错、misunderstand

Misuse

6.其他前缀

词缀含义例词

anti-war

anti-反对、防

anti-cancer

contr反对contradict

a-contradiction

count

er-

反对

counter-attack

counter-revolution

micro

-

微

microscope

microcomputer

minibus

mini-小

miniskirt

overuse

over-高出

overlook

under

-

不足、少

underpay

underestimate

vice-president

vice-次的，低一级的

vice-chairman

ex-president

ex-前任的，

ex-wife

foretell

fore-先、起初

foresee

midnight

mid-

midsummer

prewar

pre-前

preschool

restore

re-再一次

rebuild

ex-流放，向外export

forehead

fore-先，前

foreleg

in-/e

embody,enroll,

intake,

m-/en在内，进入

-/im-

import,

immigrate

interinternational

-interact

outdoor

out-

outflow

overwork

over-

overhear

postscript

post-

post-war

preface

pre-

preview

subway

sub-

sub-conscious

supersuperpower

-supermarket

tele-telephone

telegram

trans

-

高出、横过

transport

transplant

under

-

在下面

underground

underwater

up-

向上，在上

upward

uphill

bilingual

bi-两、二

bicycle

cooperate

co-共同的

co-exist

kilometer

kilo-千

kilogram

semi-circle

semi-半

semi-official

milli

-

千分之一

milligram

millimeter

uni-

一、单

unify

union

multi

-

多

multinational

multiform

tri-

三

triangle

tricycle

auto-

自己、自动

autobiography

autograph

extra

-

已外、高出

extra-large

extra-thin

vice-

副、次

vice-chairman

vice-premier