英语四级阅读练习及答案1.docx
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英语四级阅读练习及答案1.docx
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英语四级阅读练习及答案1
英语四级阅读练习及答案
PassageOne:
Asthehorizonsofsciencehaveexpended,twomaingroupsof
scientistshaveemerged.Oneisthepurescientist,theother,
appliedscientist.
Thepureortheoreticalscientistdoesoriginalresearchin
ordertounderstandthebasiclawsofthenaturethatgovern
ourworld.Theappliedscientistadaptsthisknowledgeto
practiceproblems.Neitherismoreimportantthantheothers,
however,forthegroupsareverymuchrelated.
Sometimes,however,theappliedscientistfindsthe
Let'son.scientisttoworktheoretical“problems”forthe
takeaparticularproblemoftheaircraftindustry:
heat-resistantmetals.Manyofthemetalsandalloysthat
jet-propelledausedinsatisfactorilyincarcannotbeperform
)plane,Newalloysmustbeused,becausethejet(喷气推进式automobileanhighertemperaturethanaengineoperatesatmuch
涡轮喷气发涡轮engine.Theturbinewheel()inaturbojet()mustwithstandtemperaturesashighas1,600degrees动机research
thetoturntohavedesignerscraftairsoFahrenheit,
metallurgistforthedevelopmentofmetalsandalloysthat
woulddothejobinjet-propelledplanes.
Divingscientistsintotwogroups-pureandapplied-isonlyone
broadwayofclassifyingthem,however.Whenscientific
knowledgewasverylimited,therewasnoneedformento
specialize.Today,withthegreatbodyofscientific
knowledge,scientistsspecializeinmanydifferentfields.
Withineachfield,thereisevenfurthersubdivision.And,with
finerandfinersubdivisions,thevariousscienceshavebecome
moreandmoreinterrelateduntilnobranchisentirely
independentoftheothers.Manynewspecialties-geophysicsand
biochemistry,forexample-haveresultedfromcombiningthe
knowledgeoftwoormorescience.
appliedscientist
A)doesoriginalresearchtothebasiclawsof
nature
B)appliedtheresultofresearchtopractical
problems
C)providesthebasicknowledgeforthepurescientist
D)isnotinterestedinpracticalproblems
2.Theexamplegiveninthethirdparagraphillustrates
how
A)purescienceoperatesindependentlyofapplied
science
B)theappliedscientistdiscoverthebasiclawsof
nature
C)appliedsciencedefinesalltheareasinwhich
basicresearchisdone
D)appliedsciencesuggestsproblemsforthebasic
scientist
3.Finerandfinersubdivisioninthefieldofsciencehas
resultedin
A)thelossoftheneedforspecialists
B)greaterinterdependenceofeachscience
C)greaterdependenceofeachscience
D)theneedforonlyoneclassificationif
scientists
4.Geophysicsandbiochemistryare.
A)examplesofnewspecialtiesresultingfromcombing
sciences
B)totallydependentsciences
C)amongtheoldestsciencesknowntoman
D)bothB)andC)
5.“Thehorizonsofsciencehaveexpanded,”(para1)means
that
A)scientistscanseefurtheroutintospace
B)sciencehasdevelopedmorefieldofhuman
endeavor
C)thehorizonchangessizefromyeartoyear
D)scientistshavemadeamachineforenlargingthe
horizon
PassageTwo:
Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwe
maytakethefriendshipforgranted,weoftendon'tclearly
understandhowwemakefriends.Whilewegetonwellwithonly
anumberofpeople,weareusuallyfriendswithonlyavery
few.Forexample,theaverageamongstudentsisabout6per
person.Inallthecasesoffriendlyrelationship,twopeople
likeoneanotherandenjoybeingtogether,butbeyondthat,
thedegreeofintimacybetweenthemandthereasonsfortheir
sharedinterestvaryenormously.Aswegettoknowpeoplewe
takeintoaccountthingslikeages,race,economiccondition,
socialposition,andintelligence.Althoughthesefactorsare
notofprimeimportance,itismoredifficulttogetonwith
peoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackground.
Somefriendlyrelationshipscanbekeptonargumentand
discussion,butitisusuallyforclosefriendstohavesimilar
ideasandbeliefs,tohaveattitudeandinterestsin
common—theyoftentalkabout“beingonthesame
wavelength”.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint.And
themoreintimatelyinvolvedpeoplebecome,themoretheyrely
ononeanother.Peoplewanttodofriendsfavorsandhateto
breakanpromise.Equally,friendshavetolearntoputupwith
annoyinghabitsandtotolerantdifferencesofopinion.
Incontrastwithmarriage,therearenofriendshipceremonies
tostrengthentheassociationbetweentwopeople.Butthe
supportingandunderstandingofeachotherthatresultsfrom
sharedexperiencesandemotionsdoesseemtocreateapowerful
bond,whichcanovercomedifferencesinbackgroundandbreak
downofage,classandrace.
totheauthor,.
A)allthosewhogetonwellwitheach
otherarefriends
B)friendsarecloserthanpeoplewhojustget
onwellwitheachother
everyoneunderstandclearlyhowtomake
C)
friends
D)everystudentshas6friends
7.Whenwemakefriends,weconsidersuchthingsasage,race
andbackgroundbecause
A)itisnoteasytohaveafriendlyrelationshipwith
peoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackground
B)thedegreedoffriendshipbetweenpeopleandthe
reasonfortheirsharedinterestscanvarygreatly
C)friendsneedtoknowallthesethings
D)thesearethemostimportantfactorstomake
friends
8.Inparagraph2,“beingonthesamewavelength”
means.
A)usingthesamefrequencywhiletalking
B)keepingthesamefriendlyrelationshipasother
peopledo
C)havingsimilarideas,beliefs,attitudesand
interests
D)havingthesamebackground
9.Whichofthefollowingisnotimpliedordirectlystated
inthepassage
EvenfriendsmayhavedifferencesofopinionsA)
B)Friendsneverarguewitheachother
C)Itgenerallytakestimeforpeopletobecomeclose
friends.
D)Someone'shabitsmayannoyhisfriends.
10.Tostrengthenfriendlyrelationship,people
A)mustholdfriendshipceremonies
B)havetoeliminatedifferencesinbackground
C)shouldmakefriendswiththosewhoareofthesame
ageandthesamerace
D)shouldsupportandunderstandeachotherthrough
sharedexperiencesandemotions
PassageThree:
Themovementtowardcentralizationofauthorityinstate
departmentsofeducationhasinsomecasescreatedfriction
withcommunities,whichregardthismodernpolicyas
usurpation(篡夺,夺取)oftheirrights.Constitutionally,
therecanbenodoubtthatthestatehasarighttoprescribe(指示)tothelocaldistrictsinanydegreewhichitwill.
Legislatures(立法机构)havebeengivenpowerbyState
policy-making
importantmostthethemmakewhichConstitutions
agentforeducationinastate.Legislaturesestablishthe
framework(机构)foreducation;theymakedirectappropriations
foreducation;theycreateeducationalinstitutions;andthey
determinewhetherofnotcertaineducationalprogramsareto
beauthorized,expanded,decreased,oreliminated(废除).
TheLegislatureusuallyauthorizesaStateeducation
departmenttoadministeritspolicies.Itmay,however,
provideforastateboardofeducationtoadviseitregarding
policyandtoadministertheeducationalprogram.Thecentral
agencymaydefinetheextentofthelocaldistrictandmay
determineindetailwhatshallbedonewithinthisdistrict.
Whilethisistheconstitutionalrightofthestate,the
practicalfactisthatthelocaldistrictconductsitsschools
inverylargemeasureaccordingtoitsowndesires,andlocal
officersoftentalkuponstatesupervisionasindefensible
interference
11.Aboutthecentralizationofauthorityinstatedepartment
ofeducation,somecommunitiesfeelthat.
A)theirrightsareimproved
B)theirrightsareignored
C)theirrightsareviolated
theirrightsareprotectedD)
12.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingrights
areNOTbelongtothestate
A)Therighttoadministerentranceexamination.
B)Therighttoexpandordecreaseeducational
programs.
C)Therighttobudgetschoolprograms
D)Therighttocreatededucationalinstitutions.
13.WhatdoestheLegislatureusuallydoinadministering
Policies
A)Itadministerspoliciesbyitself.
B)ItauthorizesaStateeducationdepartment
administeritspolicies.
C)ItisauthorizedbyaStateeducationdepartment
toadministeritspolicies.
D)Itauthorizesastateboardofeducationto
administertheeducationalprogram.
14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutactualeducational
situation
A)Thelocaldistricthasalotofcontroloverits
schools
B)Thecentralagencymayextendtheextentofthe
localdistricts
C)Statesupervisionisnotalwayswelcometolocal
districts.
D)LocalofficersforbidStatesupervisionifthey
thinkitisakindofinterference
15.whichofthefollowingtitlescanbestsummarizethe
article
A)TheLegislatureAdministersitsPolicies
B)TheCentralizationofAuthorityinState
DepartmentofEducation
C)TheRoleoftheStateinEducation
D)TheRightsoftheLocalDistricts
PassageFour:
Somepeoplebelievedthatinternationalsportcreates
goodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygames
togethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythatthe
oppositeistrue:
thoseinternationalcontestsencouragefalse
nationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.There
isprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyears
theOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthat
sportsencourageinternationalbrotherhood.Notonlywas
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- 英语四 阅读 练习 答案
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