微生物题库英文.docx
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微生物题库英文.docx
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微生物题库英文
Test1:
DevelopmentofMicrobiology
■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)
1、Thefundamentalunit(基本单位)ofalllivingorganismsisthe:
C
■、membrane
■、cell
■、nucleus
■、cellwall
2、Organismsthatdonotcontainatruenucleusarereferredtoas:
C
■、fungi真菌
■、eukaryotic真核生物
■、prokaryotic原核生物
■、nankaryotic
3、Thethreekingdomclassificationsystem(三界分类系统)oforganismswasproposedby:
D
■、Pasteur
■、Bacon
■、Winogradsky
■、Woese
4、Fungidifferfrombacteriainanumberofcharacteristics、Thecellwallsinfungiareposedof,whilethecellwallsofbacteriaareposedofpeptidoglycan、A
■、chitin壳多糖
■、phospholipid磷脂
■、protein蛋白质
■、glucosamine葡糖胺
5、Thefirstmicroscopesweredevelopedby:
C
■、Ehrlich
■、Metchnikoff
■、Leewenhoek
■、Lister
6、Controlofmicrobialinfectionscanbeacplishedbychemicalorimmunemechanisms、Thefirstreportontheproductionofanantibiotic(抗生素)iscreditedto:
C
■、Lister
■、Fleming
■、Ehrlich
■、Koch
7、Theterm"antibiotic"means:
C
■、asubstanceproducedbythelaboratorythatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms
■、asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitsmolds(霉菌)
■、asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismthatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms
■、asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitscancercells
8、Thefirstdocumenteduseofavaccine(疫苗)forsmallpox天花wasreportedbytheEnglishphysician:
D
■、Lister
■、Florey
■、Fleming
■、Jenner
9、Activeimmunity(主动免疫)canbedistinguishedfrompassiveimmunityinthattheformerrequires:
B
■、developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies
■、developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantigens(抗原)
■、Flemingdevelopmentofantibodiesinaforeignhostandtransfertoone'sownbody
■、developmentofantigensinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies
10、Theprocessofnitrification(硝化作用)bybacteriadescribedbyWinogradskyconverts:
A
■、ammoniatonitrateions将氨转化成硝酸盐
■、nitrateionstoammonia将硝酸盐转化成氨
■、N2toammonia将氮气转化成氨
■、ammoniatourea将氨转化成尿素
11、ThetransferofDNAfromoneorganismtoanotherthroughtheuseofaviralvector(病毒载体)isreferredtoas:
B
■、electroporation电穿孔
■、conjugation接合生殖
■、transformation转化
■、transduction转导
12、Thegeneticmaterialofabacteriaislocatedinthemolecule:
B
■、RNA
■、DNA
■、protein
■、lipid
■FillintheBlank
1、Organismsthatcontainatruenucleusarecalled__eukaryotic_____
2、Bacteriadonothaveatruenucleusandareconsidered_____prokaryotic__
3、Bacteriacanbedividedintotwogroups,the___archeabacteria____andthe____eubacteria(真细菌)___、
4、___anaerobes(厌氧菌)___areorganismsthatcangrowwithoutusingmolecularoxygen、
5、MicroorganismsthatcansynthesizeplexorganicpoundsfromCO2:
arecalled___autotrophs_(自养菌)__、
6、_photoautotrophs(光能自养生物)_____aremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganicpoundsfromlight、
7、_heterotroph_(异养菌)___requireorganicpoundsforgrowth、
8、Organismsthatsurviveonlyatveryhightemperaturesarereferredtoas__thermophile_(适温性)___、
9、_methanogen_(产甲烷菌)____areorganismsthatproducemethane(甲烷)fromCO2、
10、___halophile_(好盐得)__organismsgrowunderconditionsofhighsalinity、
11、Eubacteriacanexhibitanumberofmorphologicalshapes、Identifyfour:
a、_sphericalorcocci_____b、_cylindricalorrod_____c、__spirals____d、___irregular__
12、Fungi,algaeandprotozoacanbedifferentiatedfrombacteriabythefollowingcharacteristic:
___eukaryotic____、
13、Fungihavecellwallconsistingof__chitin(壳多糖)_____、
14、Virusesconsistof_nucleicacid_____surroundedbyaproteincoat、
15、Thescientificmethodutilizesdeductivereasoning(演绎推理)andobservationsorexperimentstoproveordisprovea_hypothesis_(假说)___、
16、Thetheory_spontaneousgeneration______ofheldthatlivingorganismscouldarisefromnonlivingmatter、(非生命物质)
17、Theprocessusedtoreducethenumberofviableorganisms(活菌)bymoderateheatingiscalled:
_pasteurization__(巴士消毒法)___、
18、Theprocessoftyndallization(间歇灭菌法)usesrepeatedheatingtoeliminateor___sterilize(杀菌)____microorganismsfromsolutions、
19、An_antibiotic(抗生素)______isasubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatinhibitsorkillsothermicroorganisms、
20、Theprocessofstimulatingtheimmunedefensesofthebodyisreferredtoas__immunization_____、
21、Whitebloodcellsthatengulf(吞食)foreignparticles(异物颗粒)arereferredtoas_phagocytes___(吞噬细胞)__、
22、Asubstanceinserum(免疫血清)thatcanneutralize(中与)foreignmaterialisreferredtoas__antitoxin_(抗毒素)___or__antibody__(抗体)__、
23、Cellsinfectedwithavirusproduceasubstancecalled__interfewn____thatinhibitsviralreplication、
24、Avery,ColinandMacLeodfirstdemonstratedthattransformationofnonpathogenic(非病原得)topathogenicstrains(致病菌株)ofbacteriacouldbecarriedoutbythetransferof___DNA___、
25、Exchangeofgeneticinformationbydirectcontactisreferredtoas__conjugation____、
26、_transformation_(转化)____istheprocessinwhichDNAistransferredfromonebacteriatoanother、
■Matching
l、FrancisBacona、phagocytosis吞噬作用
2、AntonLeeuwenhoekb、antibody抗体
3、PaulEhrlichc、nitrification硝化作用
4、HansGramd、immunization免疫法
5、LouisPasteure、threekingdomclassificationbasedonrRNA
6、RobertKochf、structureofDNA
7、JosephListerg、firstmicroscope第一台显微镜
8、AlexanderFlemingh、conjugationortransduction接合与转导作用
9、EdwardJenneri、differentialstainforbacteria
10、EliMetchnikoffj、interferon干扰素
11、EmilvonBehringk、rabiesvaccine狂犬病疫苗
12、AlickIsaac1、penicillin青霉素
13、SergeiWinogradskym、antiseptic(防腐剂)technique
14、JoshuaLederbergn、establishedthatbacteriacancausedisease
15、WatsonandCricko、magicbullet
16、CarlWoesep、scientificmethod
1、p2、g3、o4、i
5、k6、n7、m8、l
9、d10、a11、b12、j
13、c14、h15、f16、e
Test2:
MethodsforStudyingMicroorganisms
■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)
1、Lightmicroscopy(光学显微镜术)isdependentontheinteractionoflightwithonobject、Theabilityoflighttopassthroughanobjectisreferredtoas:
B
■、transportedlight
■、transmittedlight透射光
■、reflectedlight反射光
■、refractedlight折射光
2、Theresolvingpower(R)(分辨率)ofamicroscopeisdependentonthewavelength(波长)oflight(;~)andthenumericalaperture(NA)ofthelens、Theformula(公式)forRis:
B
■、R=0、5~、xNA
■、R=0、5;~/NA
■、R=NA/0、5Jr
■、R=Squarerootof0、5)、/NA
?
3、Thegramstain(革兰氏染色)uses~asamordant(媒染剂)tofixtheprimarystain:
A
■、iodine碘
■、alcohol乙醇
■、acetone丙酮
■、safranin番红
4、Theacid-faststain(抗酸性染色)isusefulintheidentificationofwhichofthefollowingorganisms:
C
■、Staphylococcusaureus金黄色葡萄球菌
■、Mycoplasmamycoides霉菌样支原体
■、Mycobacteriatuberculosis结核分枝杆菌
■、Moraxellaosloensis奥斯陆摩拉克菌,
5、Botulism(肉毒中毒)isaseriousdiseasethatcandevelopfromtheimpropercookingoffoodcontainingbacterialspores(孢子)、Whichofthefollowinggenera(属)arecapableofproducingspores?
D
■、Salmonella沙门氏菌属
■、Listeria利斯塔氏菌属
■、Escherichia埃希氏菌属
■、Clostridia梭菌属
6、Whichofthefollowingtypesofmicroscopesutilizeselectronbeams(电子束)tovisualize(使可见)objects?
B
■、Nomarski
■、TEM投射型电子显微镜
■、PCM脉冲
■、Confocal共焦得
7、Amixtureoforganismswasisolatedfromapatientsuspectedofhaving"StrepThroat、"(脓毒性咽喉炎)Whichtypeofmediawouldyouusetoisolatethesuspectedpathogen(病原体)?
D
■、defined
■、enriched
■、selective
■、differential
8、Sterilization(灭菌)ofmaterialwithanautoclave(高压灭菌锅)utilizessteamtokillmicroorganisms、Thecorrectprocedureforsterilizationwithanautoclaveis:
A
■、15minat121℃at15lb/in2
■、15minat256℃at15lb/in2
■、15minat121℃at1lb/in2
■、15rainat121℃at30lb/in2
9、Anantibioticwasaddedtoacultureofbacteriatodetermineitseffect、Whatmethodofenumerationwouldyouusetodeterminetheefficacyoftheantibiotic?
B
■、directcount直接计数
■、viablecount活菌数
■、turbidimetriccount浊度计数
■、absorbance吸光度
10、Identificationofmicroorganisms(微生物)canbeacplished(完成)byanumberoftechniques、Whichofthefollowingrequiresthegrowthoftheorganism?
C
■、enzymelinkedassay(含量测定)
■、geneprobe基因探针
■、metabolic代谢
■、fluorescent荧光
■FillintheBlank
1、Amedia(培养基)wherealltheingredients(成分)areknowniscalleda_defined_____media、
2、__aseptic(无菌得)____techniqueisusedtomaintainapureculture(纯培养物)andavoidcontamination、(污染)
3、Sterilizationinstrument(灭菌器械)thatutilizessteamunderpressure:
_autoclave_(高压灭菌锅)_____、
4、A___streak___plateutilizesaloop(接种环)orneedle(接种针)todistributeandisolatecoloniesonacultureplate、(培养皿)
5、__serological(血清学得)____identificationutilizesantibodies(抗体)fornamingofbacterialspecies、
6、Bacteriacanbepreserved(保藏)forlongperiodsoftimebyfreeze-drying(冷冻干燥)or__lyophilization____(冻干保藏法)、
7、Themrbidimetricmethodofcountingbacteriautilizesa_spectrophotometer(分光光度计)_____tomeasuretheamountoflightpassingthroughasolution、
8、Theviableplate(平板细菌计数)countcountslivebacterialcolonies(菌落)intherangeor____30__to__300____、
9、Acountingchamber(计数板)andamicroscope(显微镜)areusedinthe_direct_____countofbacteria、
10、The_geneprobe_(基因探针)____techniqueutilizesalabeled(示踪得)plementarystrandofnucleicacidtoidentifyspecificbacteriainaspecimen、(样本)
■Matching
MatchingI:
l、Primarystainforgramstaina、Negativestain负染色
2、Stainsbacterialcellb、Carbohlfuchsin品红
3、Usedtofixstainc、Crystalviolet结晶紫
4、Decolorize脱色d、Malachitegreen孔雀绿
5、Sporestaine、Safranin番红
6、Acid-faststainf、Positivestai
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