教育文档高考英语一轮优练题 Unit 1 Great Scientists及解析答案新人教版必修5doc.docx
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教育文档高考英语一轮优练题 Unit 1 Great Scientists及解析答案新人教版必修5doc.docx
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教育文档高考英语一轮优练题Unit1GreatScientists及解析答案新人教版必修5doc
Unit1GreatScientists
(必修5 Unit1)
【短文语法填空】
Withthedevelopmentofmodernsocietyandhightechnology,childrenwearmoreandmorebeautifulandfashionableclothes.Morechildren1(allow)tochoosetheirfavoriteclothes,whichis2relativelynewtrend.Manyyearsago,childrenhadtosufferthewhims(突发奇想)ofadultsasfarasclotheswereconcerned.Like3(adult)clothes,children’sclothesfollowedfashionsaswell.About120years4,boysinEuropeandAmericaworewhiteankle-lengthdresses,justliketheirsisters,untilthey5(reach)theageoffive.Olderboysfromwealthy6(family)werethendressedinprettyvelvet(丝绒)suits7lacecollars.Theirhairwasgrowntoshoulderlength8longer.Formanyunluckyboys,thesecarefullyplannedandorganizedcostumeswerenorreservedforspecialoccasions;theyhadtowearthesame9(restrict)anduncomfortableoutfitsforeverydayplay.Cleanandproperclothessaythatthepersonhasbothself-respectandrespectforotherpeople.Clothingcantellquitealotabouttheperson,sometimesmorethanwewouldliketoreveal.Soweshouldpaymoreattentionto10(wear)properclothesindifferentoccasions.
【文章大意】文章讲述了在西方,孩子们服装的发展,同时说明了着装的注意事项。
1.areallowed
【解析】考查时态和语态。
文章讲述的是现在的情况,所以用一般现在时;句子的主语Morechildren与allow构成被动关系,所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。
故填areallowed。
2.a
【解析】考查冠词。
此处指“一种比较新的趋势”,relatively是辅音音素开头的单词。
故填a。
3.adults
【解析】考查名词。
句意:
如同成年人的衣服,孩子们的服装也紧跟时尚。
此处用名词作定语。
故填adults。
4.ago
【解析】考查副词。
“time+ago”指“多长时间之前”。
故填ago。
5.reached
【解析】考查时态。
根据时间状语“About120yearsago”可知,谓语用一般过去时态。
故填reached。
6.families
【解析】考查名词。
此处指“来自富有家庭的大一点的男孩子”,根据事实逻辑,应该用复数。
故填families。
7.with
8.or
【解析】考查连词。
此处指“他们的头发到达肩部或者更长一些”。
故填or。
9.restrictive
【解析】考查形容词。
与uncomfortable相并列,此处用形容词来修饰名词outfits。
故填restrictive。
10.wearing
【解析】考查非谓语。
短语payattentionto…中,to是介词,后面跟名词或动名词。
故填wearing。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“Shewaslostinherbook.”“Hecouldn’tputthebookdown.”“Iwasontheedgeofmyseat.”Theseareallcommonphrasesthatwemayusetodescribetheexperiencewehavewhenwereadbooks.Inthemiddleofagoodbook,wemayfeelasthoughwehavelefttherealworldbehind.
Sohowdoourmindsusethelettersonthepagetoletusstepintotheshoesofourfavoritecharactersandexperiencetheeventsinastory?
Recentstudiesshowthatthereasonisbecauseourmindsreallydopretendthatweareactuallyparticipatinginthestory.Justlikeaflightsimulator(模拟器)allowstrainingpilotstopracticeflyingaplane,storiesseemtobealifesimulator,allowingourmindstopretendtheyaredoingallsortsofinterestingactivities.Letustakealookatsomeofthesestudies.
Inonesetofstudies,scientistspresentedtheparticipantsintheirstudywithsentenceslike“Themansawthebirdinthesky”and“Themansawthebirdinthenest.”Participantsinthestudywouldreadthesentencesonacomputerscreen,andwouldthenseeanimageonthescreenthateithermatchedordidnotmatchthesentences.Peoplewouldclickabuttonfasterwhenthesentenceandimagematchedthanwhentheydidnotmatch.Noticethatthereisnothinginthesentencethattellstheparticipantsinthestudyhowthebirdshouldlook—bothsentencessimplysay,“thebird”.So,whenpeoplearefastertorespondtothematchingimage,wecanconcludeitisbecauseofperceptual(感觉的)simulation.
Innewresearch,scientistsarealsobeginningtofindthatdifficultycreatingthesementalsimulationsisrelatedtodifficultyunderstandingandfollowingstoriesthatarelongerandmoredetailed.So,forsomechildren,notbeingabletoseethestoriesintheirmindsmaymakeitharderforthemtokeeptrackofeverythingthatisgoingonandwhere,whenandwhyitisgoingon.Thismeansthatthisresearchisimportant,notonlybecauseittellsussomethinginterestingabouthowourmindsworkbutalsobecausethefindingscouldsomedayhelpteachersandparentsfindnewwaystohelpchildrenwhoarehavingdifficultywithreading.
1.AccordingtoParagraph1,readersarelikelyto .
A.getlostinabook
B.forgetwhattheyhaveread
C.havedifficultykeepingreading
D.getdifferentfeelingsfromthesamebook
2.Aflightsimulatorismentionedto .
A.showtheadvantagesofreading
B.explainhowtoreadmoreefficiently
C.showthedifferencesbetweenreadingandflying
D.explainwhathappensinourmindswhilereading
3.WhatcanweinferfromthestudiesmentionedinParagraph3?
A.Readersaregoodatmatching.
B.Readerspreferimagestowords.
C.Readersareusuallyveryimaginative.
D.Readerscreatementalimageswhilereading.
4.Theresearchfindingsmentionedinthetextmayhelp .
A.peoplereadcarefullyfordetails
B.peoplereadshortarticlesquickly
C.thosewhofinditdifficulttoread
D.thosewhoshownointerestinreading
B
Manyyearsago,whenwewereayoungcouplewithtwosmallchildren,aged2and4,wewerepracticallyimpecunious.Myinlawslivedfromhandtomouth,sowedidn'texpectanyhelpfromthem.Myparentslivedagreatdistanceaway,andIwastooashamedtoletthemknowaboutoursituation.
Myhusbandwastryingtoearnalivingwithanoldpickuptruck,carryinggroceriesforlocalshopkeepers,butitwasconstantlybreakingdown.Ittookalmostallthemoneywehadtohaveitfixed.Thetruckwasalsotheonlymeansoftransportationforus.
Welivedinthecountryside,andwealwaysusedthebackdoorbecausethedrivewayledtoit.Onewinterevening,Isteppedoutsidetotakeabagoftrashtothebarrelandalmosttrippedoversomething.Itwasnearlydark,andIhadtobenddowntoseewhatitwas.Icouldhardlybelievemyeyes.Theresatalargebasketloadedwithfood.
Itwasheavy,soIcalledmyhusbandtocarryitintothehouse.Onceinside,wediscoveredtwoloavesofbread,somebutter,severalcansofvegetables,acanoforangesauce,andalargeturkey.TherewassomuchthatIcouldn'trememberitall,butitwaseverythingweneededtofixawonderfuldinner—everythingexceptpotatoes.
AlittlewhilelaterIrememberedthatIhadn'ttakenthetrashtothebarrel.Bynowitwasdark,soIhadtoturnontheyardlight—andthat'swhenIspottedasmallbagofpotatoessittingontheporch.
ThatdinnerwasthebestIcouldremember.
Weweren'tabletothankourdonators,though,becauseweneverfoundoutwhohadbeensogenerousinhelpingastrugglingyoungfamily.Whoeveritwas,weareforevergrateful.
1.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“impecunious”inParagraph1?
A.Generous.B.Harmonious.
C.Penniless.D.Stubborn.
2.Howdidtheauthor'shusbandsupportthefamily?
A.Bystartingagarage.
B.Bysellingfooddoortodoor.
C.Bydeliveringgoods.
D.Byworkingasashopassistant.
3.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshesawthebasket?
A.Shewasannoyed.
B.Shewasastonished.
C.Shewasterrified.
D.Shefeltasenseofrelief.
4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Ahelpinghandintime
B.Astrugglingyoungcouple
C.Ataleofpotatoes
D.Arewardfromastranger
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。
“我”和丈夫有两个孩子,很多年前,我们生活贫困,但羞于将处境告诉父母。
丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。
一天晚上,“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物,那一餐令“我”终生难忘。
“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。
【难句分析】TherewassomuchthatIcouldn'trememberitall,butitwaseverythingweneededtofixawonderfuldinner—everythingexceptpotatoes.
分析:
该句由but连接的两个分句构成,其中第一个分句用了so...that...结构,表示“如此……以至于”;第二个分句中weneededtofixawonderfuldinner为省略了关系词that的定语从句,修饰先行词everything。
译文:
有如此多的东西以至于我都记不全了,但除了土豆,我们准备一顿丰盛的晚餐所需要的东西都有了。
1.C 考查词义猜测。
根据第一段最后一句“Myparentslivedagreatdistanceaway,andIwastooashamedtoletthemknowaboutoursituation”可知,“我”的父母住在很远的地方,“我”羞于让他们知道我们的处境;结合该段中的“whenwewereayoungcouplewithtwosmallchildren,aged2and4,wewerepracticallyimpecunious”可知,我们是有着两个孩子的年轻夫妻,据此可以推知,我们的日子过得相当贫穷,才会羞于让远方的父母知道我们的情况。
据此可以判断,画线词意为“贫穷的”,故C项正确。
A项意为“慷慨的,大方的”,B项意为“和谐的,和睦的”,D项意为“固执的”,都与语境不符。
2.C 考查细节理解。
根据第二段第一句的“Myhusbandwastryingtoearnalivingwithanoldpickuptruck,carryinggroceriesforlocalshopkeepers”可知,“我”的丈夫用一辆旧卡车为当地的店主送货谋生,故C项正确。
3.B 考查细节理解。
根据第三段最后两句“Icouldhardlybelievemyeyes.Theresatalargebasketloadedwithfood”可知,看到一篮子的食物,“我”几乎不能相信自己的眼睛;据此可以判断,作者很惊讶,故B项正确。
A项意为“她感到恼怒”,C项意为,“她感到害怕”,D项意为“她感到欣慰”,都与第三段最后两句的语境不符。
4.A 考查标题判断。
通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了“我”和丈夫有两个孩子,生活贫困,但羞于将处境告诉父母。
丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。
一天晚上,“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物,那一餐令“我”终生难忘。
“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。
据此可以判断,A项最能概括文意,体现文章主旨,故A项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2016·郑州第二次质量预测)
IhadjuststartedmysecondyearstudyingatCambridgeUniversitywhenIwasfacedwiththenewsIhadneverexpected.Alumpinmyneck 1 outtobecancer.Iwould 2 sixmonthsofchemotherapy(化疗).
Aftertheshock,Iwasstruckbythisthought:
my 3 didn’thaveanyroomforcancer.IhadsomuchIwantedto 4 andsomanygoalsIwantedtochase.
Iwasfacedwiththe 5 joboftellingmyfriendsandfamily.Then,Ihadtodecidewhetherto 6 inCambridgeandtakefiveexamsattheendoftheyear.Mydoctor 7 againstit,andsodidmyparentsandteachers.
Mydoctorsandteachersconvincedmethattakingsometimeoffto 8 andrelaxwouldbethebestthingforme.Icouldnotthinkofanything 9 .Ididnotwantto 10 ayearofmylife,receivingpityfromthosearoundme.
Togetherwithmyparents,Itriedtopersuadetheuniversityto 11 metostayatCambridgeandstudyonlyhalfthecourse.AttheendoftheyearIwouldtaketwoexams.Itwasreallya 12 topersuadethemtoagree.
TreatmentbeganandIwasupanddownfromCambridgetoLondoneveryotherweek.Itmademefeel 13 ,buttoamuchlesserdegreethanIhadexpected.Iwas 14 toread,eatandsocializeexactlyasIusedto.Isleptalotandrestedalot,butIalsoworkedhardatmystudies.Itgavemefocus,anditalsogavemepurpose.Completingmy 15 attheendofthetermfeltlikeagreatpersonalvictory.
Itooka 16 tocontinuestudyingwhileundergoingtreatment,andit 17 .Iwassuccessf
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