中英礼貌原则差异在商务沟通中的应用.docx
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中英礼貌原则差异在商务沟通中的应用.docx
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中英礼貌原则差异在商务沟通中的应用
中英礼貌原则差异在商务沟通中的应用
独创性声明
本人郑重声明:
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作者签名:
Chyrie签字日期:
2010年12月30日
摘要
中英礼貌原则差异在商务沟通中的应用
本论文首先强调了礼貌原则在跨文化商务沟通中的重要性,然后系统地对礼貌原则进行解释,并分析其在中英方面的差异性,接着陈述商务沟通的定义及组成部分。
分析完礼貌原则与商务沟通之后,本文再理论且现实地把二者联系起来,展现了中英礼貌原则差异在商务沟通中的应用,以期尽量避免在跨文化商务沟通由礼貌原则差异带来的误解,进而为公司达成最佳交易。
关键词:
礼貌原则差异,商务沟通,英语,汉语,应用
ABSTRACT
TheApplicationofDiversePolitenessPrinciplesBetweenChineseandEnglishinBusinessCommunication
ByOuMinzhen
Thisthesisfirstemphasizesthesignificanceofthepolitenessprinciplesininterculturalbusinesscommunication;seconditsystematicallygivesageneralknowledgeaboutpolitenessprinciplesbothinChineseandEnglish-speakingcountriesandfindsoutthefactorsaboutbusinesscommunication;thenfollowingitpresentsthelinkbetweenthetwobyshowingtheapplicationofthediversepolitenessprinciplesbetweenChineseandEnglishineachpartofbusinesscommunication,theoreticallyandrealistically,inthehopeofhelpingavoidthemisunderstandingsinthecommunicatonandmakethebestforthecompanies.
Keywords:
diversepolitenessprinciples,businesscommunication,Chinese,English,application
CONTENTS
摘要………..……………………………………………………………………….i
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………ii
CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………….iii
CHAPTERONEINTRODUCTION………………………………………………1
CHAPTERTWOOVERVIEWOFPOLITENESSPRICIPLESANDBUSINESSCOMMUNICATON..…………………………………………………………………2
2.1PolitenessPrinciples……………………………………………………….22.1.1TheDefinitionofPolitenessPrinciple..……..………………………......2
2.1.2TheExistentDiversityofPolitenessPrinciplesbetweenChineseandEnglish……………………………………………………………………………..2
2.1.3FactorsAffectingtheDiversity…………………………………………..3
2.2BusinessCommunication…………...……………………………………….3
2.2.1TheDefinitionofBusinessCommunication……………………………..3
2.2.2OralCommunicationinBusinessCommunication………………………4
2.2.3WrittenCommunicationinBusinessCommunication…………………...4
2.2.4NoverbalCommunicationinBusinessCommunication………………....5
CHAPTERTHREEAPPLICATIONofDIVERSEPOLITENESSPRINCIPLESBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHINBUSINESSCOMMUNICATION……..5
3.1ApplicationinOralCommunicationinBusniess………………………….....5
3.1.1PublicOralCommunication……………………………….………....…5
3.1.1InterpersonalOralCommunication……………………...…………...6
3.2ApplicationinWrittenCommunicationinBusniess………………..………..6
3.2.1BusinessCorrespondence………….…………………………..……...6
3.3ApplicationinNonverbalCommunicationinBusniess……..….……..…7
3.3.1FacialExpression……………………………………………...……...7
3.3.3SpaceandPromexic…………………………………………………...7
CHAPTERFOURCONCLUSION.......................................................................8
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………..…………...9
CHAPTERONE
Introduction
1.1Introduction
Whenitcomestobusinessactivities,thingsmaybewhetherimportantortrivial.Successfulandeffectivebusinesscommunicationsarecrucialtobusinessactivities.Beforeyoucommunicatingoverseasinbusinessenviroment,youshouldhavebeenacquaintedwithsufficientbusinessknowledgetoknowhnowhowtoholdsenseofpropertymoreandbewell-behavedandgraceful.Beinganessentialqualityinbusinesscommunication,politenessprincipleshaverichculturalconnotation.However,thoseprinciplesvarygreatlybecausedifferentculturalandhistoricalbackgroundandcustomsofeachnation.
WiththeChineseeconomicdevelopmentandtheworldeconomyintegrationandtheglobalizationtendencystrengtheningincreasingly,theinternationalcooperationbetweenChinaandEnglishspokencountiresaroundtheworldbecomemoreandmorefrequent.,especiallyafterChina’senteringtoWTO,theglobalcooperationineconomyandtechnologyandtheprogressoftradingissuesarefrequentandblossoming,whichleadtoagreatnumberofneedsofgood-qualifiedgenius.Businesscommunicationbecomes muchmorepopularandimportantinmodernsociety.Inbusinesscommunicaton,bothsideshavetherelationshipofnotonlycooperationbutalsocompetition.Underthiscircumstance,aswellasgettingthebestprofitforeachotherbyusinganintimateknowledgeofbusinessandgoodeloquence,toinsuretherelationgshipgoeswell,properandpolitelanguagefunctionsagreat.Tomywayofthinking,Chineseishigh-contextculture,whilemanyEnglishspokencountriesarelow-contextones.Thus,thepolitenessPrinciplesvarywithpersons,theirbeliefsandskills,apartfromthegeneralcontextsinwhichcommunicationsoccue.Itcanalsovarydramaticallyduetoculturedifferencesinareaslikecommunicationstylesanddecesion-makingpatterns.That’stosay,intermsofpolitenessprinciples,thereexistmanydifferences,orrather,barrierstoovercome.Forinstance,inChinese,publicdisplayofemotionisasignofimmaturityandapotentialcauseofshametothegroup,whereasinAmerican,adeliberateconcealmentofemotionisconsideredtobeinsincereorpoker-face.IfaChinesefirmisnegotiatingwithanAmericanfirm,ithastounderstandthedifferencesothatitwon’tfeelhumiliatingbyothers’behaviors,oritcandosomethingtocatortothecooperativepartner.Indoingso,morechancesarethatbothsidescanreachthebestdeal,maintainingontonlycontactbutalsorelationship.That’swin-win,isn’tit?
CHAPTERTWO
OverviewofPolitenessPrincipleandBusinessCommunition
2.1PolitrnessPrinciple
2.1.1Thedefinitionofpolitenessprinciple
ThedefinitionofpolitenessforuniversalshasshownconsiderabledivergenceandlackofclarityastheyhavereceivedincreasedattentionsinceBrownandLevinson's(1978)proposedframework.Toachievecertainspecificgoalsinalanguagecommunicationactivity,thespeakers,aswellasthelisteners,aresupposedtoobeyanintangibleruleknownasconversationalprinciple.However,inpractice,itcannotaccountforwhypeoplesometimesemployeuphemismsorfuzzylanguage,whichareprobablyoutofpoliteness.AccordingtoBrownandLevinson(1987:
61),“Everysocialmemberthathasinterpersonalabilityinclinestoadecentpublicself-image.”Beingpoliteaimsatlesseningthethreateningaftermathsofsomecommunicativebehaviors.Leech(1983)definespolitenessasformsofbehaviourthatestablishandmaintaincomity.Thatistheabilityofparticipantsinasocialinteractiontoengageininteractioninanatmosphereofrelativeharmony.LeechproposesPolitenessPrinciplewhichcomprisesmaximsoftact,generosity,approbation,andmodestywhichseemtoaccountbetterforthetypesofutterceproducesinthenameofpoliteness.LeechplacespolitenessprincipleasamenberofasetprinciplesthathecallsInternationalRhetoric.InstatinghismaximsLeechuseshisowntermsfortwokindsofillocutionaryacts.Hecallsrepresentatives“assertives”,andcallsdirectives“impositives”.
2.1.2TheExistentDiversityofPolitenessPrinciplebetweenChineseandEnglish
ChineseandEnglishcultureshavedifferentcriteriaandimplementationstrategiesofpoliteness.Chineseculturalemphasisonmodestyguidelines,whileWesterncultureishighlightedappropriatecriteria.Modestystandardsrequirepeopletominimizetheirpraise,asmuchaspossibletodepreciateyourself.Westerncultureembracedeachothertoavoiddamagetopraiseeachother'sface,soitispolite.Thus,westernerstendtoacceptcomplimentwithdelightandthankfulness,takingasuitratherthananegativeway,soasnottorevealwhoisinconsistentwiththecompliment,itisembarrassing.MostChinesepeopleareusedtodenyingandpromotingmodesty,butthisapproachmayprobablythreatentheWest.Inaddition,theWesternersheldbysomeindependentself-concept,whichhasarelativelyindependentandself-conceptofafixedkernel,thus,Westernersfocusonpersonalprivacyincommunicationandindependence,alwaysfromthestandpointofindividualism,emphasisonindividual'sface.SomeoftheChinesepeopleheldbytheconceptofself-dependence,thisself-conceptofthekernelisnotstable,therelationshipbetweenothersandself-relativeisnotsoclear,sharp,self-coreaccordingtotherelationshipbetweenselfandothersmaybe,tobereleasedonlywhentheself-intheappropriatesocialrelationshipscanbemeaningful,willbecomecomplete.Therefore,Chineseintellectualsattachedgreatimportancetoparticipationandtherelationshipbetweenindividualsandgroups,focusingonthecollectivesenseofhonor;incommunication,theyoftenproceedfromtheconceptofcollectiveculture,emphasizingthegroupsface.Self-conceptofChinesecultureisanotherfeatureofthefamilybloodforthescale,inclosecommunicationguidelinesforcompliance.""Forexample,whenChinesepeopleliketoaskpeopleintheprivatebusinesscommunication,ordisclosureoftheirprivateaffairswithoutreservation,becauseaccordingtotraditionalChinesepoliteness,understandingofprivatebusinessiscommunicationandtheotherpartyinordertoshortenthehorizontaldistanceandmadeaforcethatpositionedawayfromtheothersideofamaincommunicationrelativelycloseposition."
2.1.3FactorsAffectingtheDiversity
BackandcomparethedifferentculturaltrodictionsinChineseandthewest.ChinesecultureofcourtesyisrootedintheConfucianritesofthetraditional,whichhaslongdominatedtheidology.Prof.GuYueguohascontributedsignificantlytothestudyofpolitenessinmordernChineseholdsthattherearebasicallyfournotionsunderlyingtheChineseconceptionofLimao:
Modesty,AttitudinalWarmth,Refinement.Gu’sprinciplereflectsthetypicalChinesecharacteristics
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- 关 键 词:
- 礼貌 原则 差异 商务 沟通 中的 应用