List of Chinese musical instruments.docx
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List of Chinese musical instruments.docx
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ListofChinesemusicalinstruments
ListofChinesemusicalinstruments
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(RedirectedfromListoftraditionalChinesemusicalinstruments)
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MusicofChina
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∙TraditionalChineseinstruments
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(Cantopop,Mandopop)
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TraditionalChinesemusicalinstruments
Contents
∙1TheEightSoundsorEightTones(八音)
∙2Silk(絲)
o2.1Plucked
o2.2Bowed
o2.3Struck
∙3Bamboo(竹)
o3.1Flutes
o3.2Oboes
o3.3Freereedpipes
o3.4Singlereedpipes
∙4Wood(木)
∙5Stone(石)
∙6Metal(金)
∙7Clay(土)
∙8Gourd(匏)
∙9Hide(革)
∙10Others
∙11Playingcontexts
∙12Musicalinstrumentsinuseinthe1800s
∙13References
∙14Externallinks
∙15Seealso
[edit]TheEightSoundsorEightTones(八音)
Theeightcategoriesare:
silk,bamboo,wood,stone,metal,clay,gourdandhide.Thereareotherinstrumentswhichmaynotfittheseclassifications.Thisisoneofthefirstmusicalclassificationsever.
[edit]Silk(絲)
Silkinstrumentsaremostlystringedinstruments(includingthosethatareplucked,bowed,andstruck).SinceancienttimestheChinesehaveusedtwistedsilkforstrings,thoughtodaymetalornylonaremorefrequentlyused.Instrumentsinthesilkcategoryinclude:
[edit]Plucked
∙Guqin(Chinese:
古琴;pinyin:
gǔqín)-7-stringedzither
∙Se(Chinese:
瑟;pinyin:
sè)-25-stringedzitherwithmoveablebridges(ancientsourcessay13,25or50strings)
∙Guzheng(古箏)-16-26stringedzitherwithmovablebridges
∙Konghou(箜篌)-harp
∙Pipa(琵琶)-pear-shapedfrettedlutewith4or5strings
∙Sanxian(三弦)-pluckedlutewithbodycoveredwithsnakeskinandlongfretlessneck
∙Ruan(Chinese:
阮;pinyin:
ruǎn)-moon-shapedluteinfivesizes:
gaoyin-,xiao-,zhong-,da-,anddiyin-;sometimescalledruanqin(阮琴)
∙Liuqin(柳琴)-smallplucked,frettedlutewithapear-shapedbodyandfourstrings
∙Yueqin(月琴)-pluckedlutewithawoodenbody,ashortfrettedneck,andfourstringstunedinpairs
∙Qinqin(秦琴)-pluckedlutewithawoodenbodyandfrettedneck;alsocalledmeihuaqin(梅花琴,literally"plumblossominstrument,"onaccountofitsflower-shapedbody)
∙Duxianqin(simplifiedChinese:
独弦琴;traditionalChinese:
獨弦琴)-pluckedeitherwithonlyonestring.
[edit]Bowed
Re-enactmentofanancienttraditionalmusicperformance
∙Huqin(胡琴)-familyofverticalfiddles
∙Erhu(二胡)-two-stringedfiddle
∙Zhonghu(中胡)-two-stringedfiddle,lowerpitchthanerhu
∙Gaohu(高胡)-two-stringedfiddle,higherpitchthanerhu;alsocalledyuehu(粤胡)
∙Banhu(板胡)-two-stringedfiddlewithacoconutresonatorandwoodenface,usedprimarilyinnorthernChina
∙Jinghu(京胡)-two-stringedfiddle,veryhighpitched,usedmainlyforBeijingopera
∙Jingerhu(京二胡)-erhuusedinBeijingopera
∙Erxian(二弦)-two-stringedfiddle,usedinCantonese,Chaozhou,andnanguanmusic
∙Tiqin(提琴)-two-stringedfiddle,usedinkunqu,Chaozhou,Cantonese,Fujian,andTaiwanesemusic
∙Yehu(椰胡)-two-stringedfiddlewithcoconutbody,usedprimarilyinCantoneseandChaozhoumusic
∙Daguangxian(大广弦)-two-stringedfiddleusedinTaiwanandFujian,primarilybyMinNanandHakkapeople;alsocalleddatongxian(大筒弦),guangxian(广弦),anddaguanxian(大管弦)
∙Datong(大筒)-two-stringedfiddleusedinthetraditionalmusicofHunan
∙Kezaixian(壳仔弦)-two-stringedfiddlewithcoconutbody,usedinTaiwanopera
∙Liujiaoxian(六角弦)-two-stringedfiddlewithhexagonalbody,similartothejingerhu;usedprimarilyinTaiwan
∙Tiexianzai(鐵弦仔)-atwo-stringedfiddlewithmetalamplifyinghornattheendofitsneck,usedinTaiwan;alsocalledguchuixian(鼓吹弦)
∙Hexian(和弦)-largefiddleusedprimarilyamongtheHakkaofTaiwan
∙Huluqin(葫芦琴)-two-stringedfiddlewithgourdbodyusedbytheNaxiofYunnan
∙Huluhu(simplifiedChinese:
葫芦胡;traditionalChinese:
葫盧胡)-two-stringedfiddlewithgourdbodyusedbytheZhuangofGuangxi
∙Maguhu(simplifiedChinese:
马骨胡;traditionalChinese:
馬骨胡;pinyin:
mǎgǔhú)-two-stringedfiddlewithhorsebonebodyusedbytheZhuangandBuyeipeoplesofsouthernChina
∙Tuhu(土胡)-two-stringedfiddleusedbytheZhuangpeopleofGuangxi
∙Jiaohu(角胡)-two-stringedfiddleusedbytheGelaopeopleofGuangxi,aswellastheMiaoandDong
∙Sihu(四胡)-four-stringedfiddlewithstringstunedinpairs
∙Sanhu(三胡)-3-stringederhuwithanadditionalbassstring;developedinthe1970s[1]
∙Zhuihu(simplifiedChinese:
坠胡;traditionalChinese:
墜胡)-two-stringedfiddlewithfingerboard
∙Zhuiqin(traditional:
墜琴;simplified:
坠琴)-two-stringedfiddlewithfingerboard
∙Leiqin(雷琴)-two-stringedfiddlewithfingerboard
∙Dihu(低胡)-lowpitchedtwo-stringedfiddlesintheerhufamily,inthreesizes:
oXiaodihu(小低胡)-smalldihu,tunedoneoctavebelowtheerhu
oZhongdihu(中低胡)-mediumdihu,tunedoneoctavebelowthezhonghu
oDadihu(大低胡)-largedihu,tunedtwooctavesbelowtheerhu
∙Dahu(大胡)-anothernameforthexiaodihu
∙Cizhonghu-anothernameforthexiaodihu
∙Gehu(革胡)-four-stringedbassinstrument,tunedandplayedlikecello
∙Diyingehu(低音革胡)-fourstringedcontrabassinstrument,tunedandplayedlikedoublebass
∙Laruan(拉阮)-four-stringedbowedinstrumentmodeledonthecello
∙Paqin(琶琴)-modernbowedinstrument
oDapaqin(大琶琴)-basspaqin
∙Dixianqin(低絃琴)
∙Niutuiqinorniubatui(牛腿琴or牛巴腿)-two-stringedfiddleusedbytheDongpeopleofGuizhou
∙Matouqin(馬頭琴)-(Mongolian:
morinkhuur)-Mongoliantwo-stringed"horseheadfiddle"
∙Xiqin(奚琴)-ancientprototypeofhuqinfamilyofinstruments
∙Yazheng(simplified:
轧筝;traditional:
軋箏)-bowedzither;alsocalledyaqin(simplified:
轧琴;traditional:
軋琴)
∙Zhengni(筝尼)-bowedzither;usedbytheZhuangpeopleofGuangxi
∙Aijieke(艾捷克)-four-stringedbowedinstrumentusedinXinjiang;similartokamancheh[2]
∙Sataer(萨它尔)-long-neckedbowedluteusedinXinjiang
[edit]Struck
∙Yangqin(揚琴)-hammereddulcimerofvaryingstringsstruckusingtwobamboohammers
∙Zhu(筑)-ancientzither,struckorpluckedwithastick
∙Jiaoweiqin(焦尾琴)
[edit]Bamboo(竹)
Ahalf-sectionoftheSongDynasty(960–1279)versionoftheNightRevelsofHanXizai,originalbyGuHongzhong;[1]thefemalemusiciansinthecenteroftheimageareplayingtransversebambooflutesandguan,andthemalemusicianisplayingawoodenclappercalledpaiban.
Dizi,alsoknownasdi(笛)orhengdi(橫笛),andhasvarietiesincludingqudi(曲笛)andbangdi(梆笛)[2].
ABawuinthekeyofF,[3].
Bamboomainlyreferstowoodwindinstruments,whichincludes;
[edit]Flutes
∙Dizi(笛子)-transversebambooflutewithbuzzingmembrane
oBangdi(梆笛)
∙Xiao(simplifiedChinese:
箫;traditionalChinese:
簫;pinyin:
xiāo)-end-blownflute;alsocalleddongxiao(simplifiedChinese:
洞箫;traditionalChinese:
洞簫)
∙Paixiao(simplifiedChinese:
排箫;traditionalChinese:
排簫;pinyin:
páixiāo)-panpipes
∙Chi(篪;pinyin:
chí)-ancienttransversebambooflute
∙Yue(籥;pinyin:
yuè)-ancientnotchedverticalbambooflutewiththreefingerholes;usedinConfucianritualmusicanddance
∙Xindi(新笛)-moderntransverseflutewithasmanyas21holes
∙Dongdi(侗笛)-windinstrumentoftheDongpeopleofsouthernChina
∙Koudi(口笛;pinyin:
kǒudí)-verysmalltransversebambooflute
[edit]Oboes
∙Guan(Chinese:
管;pinyin:
guǎn)-cylindricaldoublereedwindinstrumentmadeofeitherhardwood(NorthernChina)orbamboo(Cantonese);thenorthernversionisalsocalledguanzi(管子)orbili(traditional:
篳篥;simplified:
筚篥),theCantoneseversionisalsocalledhouguan(喉管),andtheTaiwaneseversioniscalled鸭母哒仔,鴨母笛,orTaiwanguan(台湾管)
∙Suona(simplifiedChinese:
唢呐;traditionalChinese:
嗩吶)-double-reedwindinstrumentwithaflaringmetalbell;alsocalledhaidi(海笛)
[edit]Freereedpipes
∙Bawu(simplifiedChinese:
巴乌;traditionalChinese:
巴烏;pinyin:
bāwū)-side-blownfreereedpipewithfingerholes
∙Mangtong(芒筒;pinyin:
mángtǒng)-end-blownfreereedpipeproducingasinglepitch
[edit]Singlereedpipes
∙Mabu(马布)-single-reedbamboopipeplayedbytheYipeople
[edit]Wood(木)
Mostwoodinstrumentsareoftheancientvariety:
∙Zhu(Chinese:
柷;pinyin:
zhù)-awoodenboxthattapersfromthetoptothebottom,playedbyhittingastickontheinside,usedtomarkthebeginningofmusicinancientritualmusic
∙Yu(Chinese:
敔;pinyin:
yǔ)-awoodenpercussioninstrumentcarvedintheshapeofatigerwithaserratedback,playedbyhittingastickwithanendmadeofapproximately15stalksofbambooonitsheadthreetimesandacrosstheserratedbackoncetomarktheendofthemusic
∙Muyu(simplifiedChinese:
木鱼;traditionalChinese:
木魚;pinyin:
mùyú)-aroundedwoodblockcarvedintheshapeofafish,struckwithawoodenstick;oftenusedinBuddhistchanting
ThisisasetofmuyusorChinesewoodenslitdrums.Thesoundproducedisaffectedbytheinstrument’ssize,typeofwood,andhowhollowitis.
∙Paiban(拍板)-aclappermadefromseveralflat
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