国际贸易实务练习.docx
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国际贸易实务练习.docx
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国际贸易实务练习
Chapter1
Ⅰ
YES.Pleaserefertothefirstparagraphinthetext.
Ⅱ
流动性过剩 excessliquidity
自给自足 self-sufficient
经济资源 economic resources
直接投资 direct investment
国际收支 balanceofpayments
易货交易 barter
出口退税 exporttaxrebate
倾销 dumpling
出口型经济增长 export-driveneconomicgrowth
东道国 hostcountry
贸易差额 balanceoftrade
贸易顺差/贸易逆差 favorable/unfavorablebalanceoftrade
欧盟 EuropeanUnion
国际收支顺差/国际收支逆差favorable/unfavorablebalanceofpayments
有形贸易 visibletrade
无形贸易 invisibletrade
货物贸易 tradeingoods
服务贸易 tradeinservices
Ⅲ
ThechartaboveshowstheU.S.importsfromChina,U.S.exportstoChinaandthetradebalance.TheU.S.hasanegativetradebalancewithChina,andithasbeengrowing.Duringtheperiodfrom1997to2003,importsfromChinahavegrown244%whileexportstoChinahavegrown221%,indicatingthatthetradedeficitisincreasing.TherehadalreadybeenasizeabletradebalancedeficitwithChinain1996,totaling$39.5billionattheendoftheyear.
Ⅳ
1.Exportgoodsaretangiblegoodssentoutofcountries.
2.Tradeinservicesareinternationalearningsotherthanthosederivedfromtheexportingand importingoftangiblegoods.
3.Importgoodsaretangiblegoodsbroughtin.
4.Internationaltradeisallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.
5.FDIistheonethatgivestheinvestoracontrollinginterestinaforeigncompany.
6.Investmentisusedprimarilyasfinancialmeansforacompanytoearnmoremoneytoitsmoney withrelativesafety.
Ⅴ
1.Internationaltradeisthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand/orservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.
2.Intoday'scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nations participateintheinternationaltradeformanyreasons.Astotheeconomicreasons,nonationshasalloftheeconomicresources(land,laborandcapital)thatitneedstodevelopitseconomyandculture,andnocountyenjoysaparticularitemsufficientenoughtomeetitsneed.Asfor thepreferencereasons,internationaltradetakespalacebecauseofinnovationofstyle.Besides,everynationcanspecializeinacertainfieldandenjoyacomparativeadvantageinsomeparticularareaintermsoftradesothattheyneedtodobusinesswitheachothertomakeuseofresourcesmoreefficientlyandeffectively.
3.Inmeasuringtheeffectivenessofglobaltrade,nationscarefullyfollowtwokeyindicators,namely,balanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.
4.FDI,theabbreviationfromForeignDirectInvestment,meansbuyingofpermanentpropertyandbusinessinforeignnations.Itoccurswhenacquisitionofequityinterestinaforeigncountryismade.ThegreatsignificantofFDIforChinamightbethat:
FDIsolvetheproblemofcapitalshortageforChinasothatChinamayspendthemoneyonimportingadvancedequipmentandtechnologiesforitsinfrastructure,nationalsupportingindustry,keyprojects,etc.
Chapter2
Ⅰ
关税壁垒 tariffbarriers
非关税壁垒 non-tariffbarriers
从量税 specificduties
配额 quota
保护性关税 protectivetariff
市场失灵 marketfailure
幼稚产业 infantindustry
许可证制度 licensingsystem
财政关税 revenuetariff
政府采购 governmentprocurement
贸易保护主义 tradeprotectionism
从价税 AdvaloremDuties
最低限价 floorprice
本地采购规则 "buylocal"rules
增加内需 raisedomesticdemand
Domesticcontent 国内含量
Red-tapebarriers 进口环节壁垒
Exportsubsidies 出口补贴
Bindingquota 绑定配额
Absolutequotas 绝对配额
VER 自愿出口限制
Tariff-ratequotas 关税配额
Zeroquota 零配额
"buylocal"rules 本地采购原则
Ⅱ
1.Protectionismmeansthedeliberateuseorencouragementofrestrictionsonimportstoenablerelativelyinefficientdomesticproducerstocompetesuccessfullywithforeignproducers.
保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制,以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
2.IftheRussianreleasetheirstocksoftinintoworldmarket,thepriceofmetalwillsinkthroughthefloor.
一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中,那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。
3.Protectivetariffmeansadutyortaximposedonimportedproductsforthepurposeofmarkingthemmoreexpensiveincomparisontodomesticproducers,therebygivingthedomesticproductsapriceadvantage.
保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税,旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵,从而使得本国商品具有价格优势。
4.Typesoftariffincludeadvalorem,specific,variableorcompound.IntheUnitedStates,theimpositionoftariffismadeonimportedgoodsonly.Tariffsraisethepricesofimportedgoods,thusmakingthemlesscompetitivewithinthemarketoftheimportingcountry.Afterseven"Rounds"ofGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT)tradenegotiationsthatfocusedheavilyontariffreductions,tariffsarelessimportantmeasuresofprotectionthantheyusedtobe.
关税的种类包括从价税,从量税,可变税与复合税。
在美国,只对进口商品征税。
关税抬高了进口货物的价格,从而使得他们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。
继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后,税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。
Ⅲ
1.Tariffisadutycollectedbycustomsofagovernmentonimportsand/orexports.
2.Arevenuetariffcanbesomeoftheincomesofagovernment,butitmustbetakenundercontrol.
3.Toexportgoodsatanunreasonablylowpriceistakenasdumplingwhichmightbefightagainstbygovernmentofimportingcountry.
4.Atariffmaybeassessedonaperunitbasis,inwhichcaseitisknownasaspecificduty.Italsomaybeassessedasapercentageofthevalueoftheitem,inwhichcaseitisknownasanadvaloremduty.
5.Importtariffsprimarilyservesasameansofraisingthepriceoftheimportgoodssothatcompetitivelyproduceddomesticgoodswillgainarelativepriceadvantage.
Chapter3
Ⅰ
APEC Asia-pacificEconomicCo-operation
FTAAP FreeTradeAgreementofAsiaandthePacific
EU EuropeanUnion
NAFTA NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement
MERCOSUR MercadoComundelSur/Southern CommonMarket
ASEAN AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations
EFTA EuropeanFreeTradeArea
AFTA ASEANFreeTradeArea
PTAs PreferentialTradeagreements
Ⅱ
Tradebloc 贸易集团
Tradeblock 贸易禁运/封锁
Openregionalism 开放式区域主义
Freetradearea 自由贸易区
Customsunion 关税联盟
Commonmarket 共同市场
Economicunion 经济联盟
Tradeembargoes 贸易禁运
Boycotts 抵制
歧视性关税 discriminatorytariffs
经济制裁 economicsanction
贸易弹性 tradeelasticity
双边贸易协定 bilateraltradeagreement
最惠国 mostfavorednation
Chapter4
GATT GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade
HOD HeadsofDelegations
TRIPS Trade-relatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights
GATS GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices
TRIMs TradeRelatedInvestmentMeasures
MFN MostFavoredNations
Ⅱ
施惠国 Patronagenations
受惠国 Favorednations
缔约国 ContractingParties
市场准入 marketaccess
透明度 transparency
紧急进口措施 UrgentImportingMeasures
争端解决机制 disputesettlementmechanism
可持续发展 sustainabledevelopment
特许经营 franchise
Ⅲ
1.UntilnowWTOhasalreadyhad150membersanditstradevolumecovers90%ofthetotaltradevolumeinthewholeworld.
2.TopmostofWTOistheMinisterialConferencewhichhastomeetatleastonceeverytwoyears.UndertheMinisterialConferenceistheGeneralCouncilthathastomeetatGenevaregularly.
3.TheWTOSecretariat,whichofficesonlyinGeneva,Switzerland,hasaround550regularstuffandisheadedbyaDirector-General.SincedecisionsaremadebyMembersonly,theSecretariathasnodecision-makingpowersastheotherinternationalinstitutions.
4.TheSecretariatprovidessomeformoflegalassistanceinthedisputesettlementprocessandadvisesgovernmentswishingtobecomeMembersoftheWTO.
Chapter5
Ⅰ
FOB班轮条件FOBlinerterm
清关customsclearance
FOB吊钩下交货FOBUnderTackle
平舱trim
多式联运multimodaltransport
船舷shipboard
内陆水运marinenavigationoninlandwaterway
理舱stow
卸货费dischargeexpense
投保coverinsurance
CFR卸至岸上(含着陆费)CFRLanded
班轮liner
单据买卖documentarysales
CFR舱底交货CFREx-ship’sHold
CFR班轮条件CFRlinerterms
象征性交货symbolicdelivery
Ⅱ
1.UnderCFR,buyershouldeffectinsurance.
2. UnderCIFEx-ship’sHold,sellershouldpaythedischargecharges.
3. UnderCIF,theinsuredamountshouldbeUS$22000ifthecontractedpriceisUS$20000.
4. UnderCIP,sellerhastoprocureinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.
5.TheFAStermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.
6. TheDEQtermrequiresthebuyertoproceedwiththecustomsclearanceforimportsandpaymentofallcustomsduty.
7. UnderDDP,thesellermustpaythecostsofcustomsdutiesaswellasallduties,taxesandotherofficialchargespayableupo
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