在vmwarevsphereesxi上安装oracleRAC.docx
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在vmwarevsphereesxi上安装oracleRAC.docx
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在vmwarevsphereesxi上安装oracleRAC
OracleDatabasesonVMware
RAC安装手册
Contents
1.介绍
本文通过一个案例简要介绍OracleRealApplicationClusters(RAC)在VMwarevSphere®平台上的安装过程,帮助Oracle数据库管理员在VMware平台上规划和实施OracleRAC环境.在VMware环境下,数据库管理员通常需要和VMware的管理员以及存储厂商的管理员合作,以顺利部署一个OracleRAC环境.
在虚拟化平台上部署OracleRAC在许多方面与纯物理环境上的部署很类似,比如:
∙在虚拟机创建完成之后,安装操作系统和OracleRAC软件的过程与物理环境下基本一致
∙存储的规划,包括用于数据存放的LUN数量的规划和多路径的设计与物理环境也基本一致.
差别在于我们可以充分依靠虚拟化软件,简化许多工作,从而加快安装进度,减少错误的发生,比如:
∙利用事先准备好的模板,多次安装同版本的系统和数据库,同时加强标准化
∙利用快照技术,很方便的进行测试和回退
∙利用虚拟机复制技术,简化多个RAC节点的系统安装、打补丁、配置工作
由于安装过程的细节与软件版本(尤其是Linux版本和Oracle版本)有较强的关联性,本文只能尽量把安装步骤描述清楚.读者在自己进行安装的时候,还需要参考相应版本的官方安装文档.
先将本次安装中用到的主要软件和版本罗列如下:
∙VMwareESXi™5.1
∙VMwarevCenterServer™5.1
∙vSphereClient5.1
∙OracleDatabase11g11.2.0.3.
∙OracleEnterpriseLinuxx86_646.3.
2.软硬件环境
2.1硬件
组件
数量
配置
ESXiHosts
2
CiscoUCSB440
4x10-coreCPUs,256GBRAM,and4NICs
Storage
1
NetAppF3240双路控制器
EthernetSwitches
2
CiscoFI6248
FCSwitches
1
CiscoNexus7000
HostBasedAdapters
4
每个刀片两个,与网卡共享流量
2.2软件环境
组件
版本
作用
vSphere
5.1
Hypervisorhostingallvirtualmachines
VMwarevCenter™
5.1
管理vSphere
OracleEnterpriseLinuxx86_64
6.3
GuestoperatingsystemforvirtualmachinesrunningOracleDatabaseserver
OracleDatabase11g(withOracleRACandOracleGridInfrastructure)EnterpriseEdition
11.2.0.3
MicrosoftWindowsServer
2008R2
用于vCenterServer
2.3虚拟机配置
虚拟机用途
数量
配置
OracleRACnodes
2
20vCPU,120GBRAM,
OracleEnterpriseLinuxx86_646.3
vCenter
1
2vCPUs,8GBRAM,WindowsServer2008R2
2.4共享存储配置
DatastoreName
VirtualDiskonESX
Linux路径
虚拟路径
驱动类型
VMDKSize(GB)
用途
VMDATASTORE
VMDK–Harddisk1
/dev/sda
SCSI0:
0
LSILogic
150
OracleEnterpriseLinux5.5OSandOraclebinaries
CRS1
VMDK–Harddisk2
Shareddisk
/dev/sdb1
SCSI1:
0
Paravirtual
20
CRSandvotingdisk
REDO1
VMDK–Harddisk3
Shareddisk
/dev/sdc1
SCSI1:
1
Paravirtual
900
REDOandArchieve
DATA01
VMDK–Harddisk4
Shareddisk
/dev/sdd1
SCSI2:
0
Paravirtual
1000
RACdatabaseDATA
DATA02
VMDK–Harddisk5
Shareddisk
/dev/sde1
SCSI2:
1
Paravirtual
1000
RACdatabaseDATA
DATA03
VMDK–Harddisk6
Shareddisk
/dev/sdf1
SCSI3:
0
Paravirtual
1000
RACdatabaseDATA
DATA04
VMDK–Harddisk7
Shareddisk
/dev/sdg1
SCSI3:
1
Paravirtual
1000
RACdatabaseDATA
2.5OracleRAC数据库环境
NodeName
ASMInstance
RACInstance
Database
ASMStorage
RAC1
+ASM1
RAC1
RAC
ASMfilesystem
RAC2
+ASM2
RAC2
RAC
ASMfilesystem
2.6网络配置
按照OracleRAC的实施惯例,每个RAC节点都提供一个Public网口用于承载业务,并在其上捆绑虚拟IP地址(VIP)用于HA切换..
各RAC节点之间还需要一个私有网络进行节点之间的通信。
在物理环境中,通常需要考虑链路的冗余以消除单点鼓掌。
而在虚拟化环境中,冗余问题由底层虚拟化软件处理,所以对于每个RAC节点,只是简单地需要两个网口就可以工作,大大简化了配置和安装工作.
我们这次测试的网络配置如下三:
∙UCS底层软件配置出三个物理网口(均为10Gb)–vmnic0和vmnic1用于OraclePublicandOraclePrivate网络,vmnic2用于vSphere®vMotion®工作.
∙两个分布式虚拟交换机–OraclePublic(VMNet)andOraclePrivate(OracleHB).
∙每个RAC节点配置3个IP地址–以节点1(RAC1)为例:
oOnepublicstaticIPaddress(eth0):
162.16.3.101
oOneprivatestaticIPaddress(eth1):
192.168.2.30
oOnevirtualstaticIPaddress(VIP):
162.16.3.111(由CRS软件配置和管理)
还有三个虚拟IP用于节点间负载均衡(SCAN):
162.16.3.200,162.16.3.201,162.16.3.202(由CRS配置和管理)
物理网口vmnic0连接到分布式交换机VMNet,vmnic1连接到分布式交换机OracleHB,vMotion使用标准交换机vSwitch3.这样区分概念上比较清晰,也可以只建一个分布式网络,用不同的端口组区分数据网络和心跳网。
Figure1.NetworkConfiguration
2.7
2.8
逻辑结构图
Figure3.LogicalArchitectureofTwo-NodeOracleRAConvSphere
3.部署流程概览
部署流程大体按照下面的流程图进行.
Figure4.DeploymentStepsforFour-NodeOracleRAConvSpherewithVMFS
4.为第一个RAC节点准备虚拟机环境
本节安装步骤简介如下:
∙使用vSphereClient创建第一个虚拟机。
添加公网和心跳网卡,挑选适当的LUN创建仲裁盘CRS(VMDK模式)。
∙安装RedhatLinux操作系统,安装VMwaretools,按照OracleRAC要求安装相应补丁.
∙在Linux中配置NTP客户端.
4.1创建第一个虚拟机
1.使用vSphereClient登录vCenter.
2.选中一台主机,在GettingStarted页面单击Createanewvirtualmachine.
3.IntheCreateNewVirtualMachinewizard,selectTypicalfortheConfiguration,andclickNext.
4.OntheNameandLocationpage,enterRAC1fortheName,andclickNext.
5.OntheDatastorepage,selectVMDATASTORE,andclickNext.
6.OntheGuestOperatingSystempage,selectLinuxfromtheGuestOperatingSystemlist.FortheVersion,selectOracleLinux6(64-bit)fromthedrop-downmenu.ClickNext.
7.OntheCreateaDiskpage,settheVirtualDiskSizeto20GB,andclickNext.
8.OntheReadytoCompletepage,selectEditthevirtualmachinesettingsbeforecompletion.ClickContinue.
9.OntheVirtualMachinePropertiespagefortheRAC1virtualmachine,select8CPUsand128GBMemory.
10.ClickFinish.
4.2增加两个虚拟网卡
现在需要增加两块网卡.一块用于公共数据网络,另一块用于心跳网络.添加这两块网卡的过程基本相同,差别仅在于添加公网网卡时选择标签:
VMNet而添加心跳网卡时选择OracleHB.
添加公网网卡的步骤:
1.Selectavirtualmachine.
2.ClickEditsettingstodisplaytheVirtualMachinePropertiespane.
3.ClickAdd.
4.SelectEthernetAdaptorandclickNexttodisplaytheAddHardwarewizard.
5.OntheNetworkconnectionpage,selectVMXNET3fromtheAdapterTypedrop-downmenu.
6.IntheNetworkConnectionsectionoftheNetworkconnectionpage,selectNamednetworkwithspecifiedlabel.
7.IntheNamednetworkwithspecifiedlabeldrop-downmenu,selectVMNet.
8.IntheDeviceStatussectionoftheNetworkconnectionpage,selectConnectatpoweron.
9.OntheReadytoCompletepage,clickFinish,andthenclickOK.
添加心跳网卡的步骤:
1.Repeatsteps1through6fromtheprecedingprocedure.
2.IntheNamednetworkwithspecifiedlabeldrop-downmenu,selectOracleHB.
3.Continuewithsteps8and9fromtheprecedingprocedure.
4.3添加仲裁盘
OracleRAC需要至少一个共享的仲裁盘存放clusterware信息和节点投票信息。
存储管理员需要事先为仲裁盘分配好单独的LUN,然后我们需要创建单独的SCSI控制器并设为Paravirtual驱动.SCSI总线sharingpolicy设为none.
下面描述创建共享存储的步骤.
为虚拟机创建20GBdatastore:
1.InvSphereClient,selectavirtualmachine.
2.Right-clickthenameofthevirtualmachineandselectEditSettingstodisplaytheVirtualMachinePropertiespane.
3.ClickAddtodisplaytheAddHardwarewizard.
4.IntheAddHardwarewizardselectHardDiskfortheDeviceType,andclickNext.
5.IntheDisksectionoftheSelectaDiskpage,selectCreateanewvirtualdisk.Setthedisksizeto20GB,selecttheSupportclusteringfeaturessuchasFaultTolerancecheckbox,andselectCRS1tospecifyadatastore.Also,forvSphere5,intheDiskProvisioningsectionselectThickProvisionEagerZeroed.ClickNext.
6.OntheCompatibilityModepage,clickNext.
7.OntheAdvancedOptionspage,intheVirtualDeviceNodesection,selectSCSI(1:
0).IntheModesection,selectIndependent.ClickNext.
8.OntheReadytoCompletepage,clickFinish.
9.ClickOK.
AddconfigurationparametersforeachOracleRACvirtualmachineasdescribedinDisablingsimultaneouswriteprotectionprovidedbyVMFSusingthemulti-writerflag(
手工修改虚拟机参数
1.InvSphereClient,selectavirtualmachine.
2.Right-clickthenameofthevirtualmachineandselectEditSettingstodisplaytheVirtualMachinePropertiespane.
3.ClicktheOptionstab,clickAdvanced,andclickGeneral.
4.ClickConfigurationParameters.
5.OntheConfigurationParameterspage,addrowsandentriesfortheshareddisksinthevirtualmachine'sconfigurationparametersasshowninthefollowingscreenshot.
6.Repeatsteps1through5foreachoftheremainingvirtualmachines.
YoucanviewthevirtualmachinepropertiesfortheRAC1virtualmachineinvCenterasinthefollowingscreenshot.
webclient显示如下图:
4.4
安装操作系统
将OEL6.4安装介质ISO文件上传到datastore,然后进行安装。
Note:
ThisdocumentisspecifictoLinuxguestoperatingsystem.OracleRAC11.2.0.2andaboveversionscanbedeployedandsupportedonthelistofguestoperationsystemsusingVMwaremulti-writerflag(
在虚拟机上安装Linux操作系统
1.InvSphereClient,selectavirtualmachine.
2.ClickEditsettings.
3.IntheHardwaretaboftheVirtualMachinePropertiespane,selectCD/DVDDrive1.
4.IntheDeviceStatussectionofthispane,selecttheConnectatpoweroncheckbox.
5.IntheDeviceTypesectionofthispane,selectDatastoreISOFileandenterthepathtoyourLinuxISOimagefile.
6.IntheVirtualDeviceNodesectionofthispane,selectCD/DVDDrive1fromthedrop-downmenu.
7.ClickOK.
8.Poweronthevirtualmachine.
9.InstallLinuxwiththefollowingsettings.
Custompartitioningscheme:
/dev/sda1ext3150GBmountedon/
Installedpackages–usethedefaultpackageselection,plusthefollowing:
∙kernel-uek.x86_64
∙kmod-oracleasm
∙oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64(downloadfrom
∙oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5.x86_64
∙systat-7.0.2-3.el5.x86_64
10.Usebelowscripttoinstallremainingpackages:
yuminstallbinutils\
compat-libcap1\
compat-libstdc++-33\
compat-libstdc++-33.i686\
gcc.x86_64\
gcc-c++.x86_64\
glibc.x86_64\
glibc.i686\
glibc-devel.x86_64\
glibc-devel.i686\
unixODBC.i686\
unixODBC.x86_64\
unixODBC-devel.x86_64\
unixODBC-devel.i686\
libgcc.x86_64\
libgcc.i686\
libstdc++.x86_64\
libstdc++.i686\
libstdc++-devel.x86_64\
libstdc++-devel.i686\
compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64\
compat-libstdc++-33.i686\
libaio.x86_64\
libaio.i686\
libaio-devel.x86_64\
libaio-devel.i686\
sysstat.x86_64\
ksh\
libXtst-devel.x86_64\
libXtst.i686\
compat-db.x86_64\
xorg-x11-utils.x86_64\
xorg-x11-xinit.x86_64\
make
11.
Viewtheinstalledpackageswiththiscommand:
runcommand“rpm–q
12.Confirmthatthefollowingpackageshavebeeninstalled:
∙binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6(x86_64)
∙compat-libcap1-1.10-1(x86_64)
∙compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6(x86_64)
∙compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686
∙gcc-4.4.4-13.el6(x86_64)
∙gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6(x86_64)
∙glibc-2.12-1.7.el6(i686)
∙glibc-2.12-1.7.el6(x86_64)
∙glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6(x86_64)
∙glibc-devel-2
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