新理念综合英语第8单元阅读汇总.docx
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新理念综合英语第8单元阅读汇总
PassageOne
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Withonlyabout1,000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That’samovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk.”
Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryotransferworkandrelatedprocedures,sayshesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It’saworthwhileproject,certainlynotaneasyone,andit’sverymuchlikewhatwe'reattemptinghereatTexasA&M—tosaveanimalsfromextinction.”
Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct,Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2,000speciesofmammals,birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.
Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.
Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.
“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy.Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheMissyplicityProjectatTexasA&M,thefirsteverattemptatcloningadog.
“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyapplaudtheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”
31.Theaimof“Noah’sArk”projectisto_______.
A)implantembryointoahostanimal
B)salutetheChineseeffortsinsavingpandas
C)saveendangeredanimalsfromextinction
D)introducecellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit
正确答案:
C32.HowlongwilltheChinesepandacloningprojecttakeaccordingtothepassage?
A)1year.B)3to5years.C)2years.D)25years.
正确答案:
B33.Theword“groundbreaking”inPara.7canbeinterpretedas_______.
A)essentiallynewB)pioneeringC)evolutionaryD)epochmaking
正确答案:
B34.WhatcouldbethemajorproblemincloningpandasaccordingtoProfessorKraemer?
A)Lackofavailablepandaeggs.B)Lackofhostanimals.
C)Lackofqualifiedresearchers.D)Lackoffunds.
正确答案:
A35.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe_______.
A)China—theNativePlaceofPandasForever
B)China’sEffortstoClonePandas
C)China’sFirstClonedPanda
D)ExploringthePossibilityofCloningPandas
正确答案:
B
PassageTwo
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Dependingonwhomyouask,theexperimentannouncedataTexasmedicalconferencelastweekwasapotentialbreakthroughforinfertilewomen,atragicfailureoradangerousstepclosertothenightmarescenarioofhumancloning.
InfertilitywasclearlythemotivationwhenChinesedoctorsusedanewtechniquetohelponeoftheircountrywomengetpregnant.UsingatechniquedevelopedbyDr.JamesGrifoatNewYorkUniversity,Dr.ZhuangGuanglunofSunYat-senUniversityinGuangzhoutookthepatient’sfertilizedegg,scoopedoutthechromosome-bearingnuclearmaterialandputitinadonatedeggwhosenucleushadbeenremoved.Inthismorebenignenvironment,developmentproceedednormally,andthewomanbecamepregnantwithtripletswhocarriedamixofherDNAandherhusband’s—prettymuchlikeanynormalbaby.
Whathasmadesomedoctorsandethicistsupsetisthatthisso-callednuclear-transfertechniquehasalsobeenusedtoproduceclones,startingwithDollythesheep.Theonlysignificantdifferenceisthatwithcloning,theinsertednucleuscomesfromasingle,usuallyadult,cell,andtheresultingoffspringisgeneticallyidenticaltotheparent.Doingthatwithhumansisethicallyrepugnanttomany.Besides,forreasonsthataren’tyetwellunderstood,clonedanimalsoftenabortspontaneouslyorarebornwithdefects;Dollydiedveryyoung,thoughshehadseemedhealthy.AndbecausetheChinesewoman’stwinswerebornprematurelyanddied,criticshavesuggestedthatcloningandnucleartransferareequallyriskyforhumans.
Notlikely,saysGrifo.“Theobstetricoutcomewasadisaster,”headmits,“buttheembryoswerechromosomallynormal.Wehavenoevidencethatithadanythingtodowiththeprocedure.”Evenso,concernoverpotentialrisksiswhytheFoodandDrugAdministrationcreatedastringentapprovalprocessforsuchresearchin2001—aprocessthatGrifofoundsoonerousthathestoppedworkingonthetechniqueandgaveittotheresearchersinChina,whereitwassubsequentlybanned.
Thebottomline,saycritics,isthatperfectingatechniquethatcouldbeusedforhumancloning,evenifitweredevelopedforanotherpurpose,isjustabadidea—anassertionZhuangrejects.“Iagreethatitmakessensetocontroltheseexperiments,”hesays.“Butwe’vedevelopedaneffectivetechnologytohelppeople.Weunderstandhowtodoit.Weneedit.”
36.Whatisimpliedinthefirstparagraph?
A)Somepeopleregarditasatragicfailure.
B)Thenewexperimentmeansabreakthroughforsomepeople.
C)Peoplehavedifferentreactionstothenewexperiment.
D)Thenewexperimentmeansastepfurthertothedangeroushumancloning.
正确答案:
C37.TheauthorusesthecaseofDollyandtheChinesepregnantwomantoshowthat_________.
A)bothnuclear-transferandcloningaredangerousforhumansandanimals
B)bothofthembenefitfromthenewtechnique
C)bothofthemaretheexamplesoftechnicalfailure
D)bothofthemarethefruitsofthenewtechnology
正确答案:
A38.Zhuang’sattitudetowardthecritics’conclusionisoneof__________.
A)reservedconsentB)strongdisapproval
C)slightcontemptD)enthusiasticsupport
正确答案:
B39.Theonlydifferenceexistingbetweennuclear-transferandcloningtechniqueis________.A)whetheritisusedforresearchorforhelpingtheinfertile
B)whethertheoffspringlooksliketheparent
C)whetheritisusedinanimalsorhumanbeings
D)whethertheinsertednucleuscomesfromasingleandusuallyadultcell
正确答案:
D40.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat_________.
A)researchofcloninghaspotentialrisks
B)theresearchofcloningshouldbestoppedtotally
C)ethicsandresearchofcloningareincontradiction
D)researchersshouldhavetherighttocontinuethestudyofcloning
正确答案:
C
PassageOne
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Ifacoupleareinfertileandwishtheywerenot,thatissad.Buttherearetreatmentsintendedtodealwiththissadness—knowncollectivelyasassistedreproductivetechnologies,orARTs,whichshouldbepaidforoutofpublicfunds.Suchfundsarescarce,andinfertilityisnotalife-threateningcondition.
However,twopaperspresentedtothe“StateoftheART”conferenceheldearlierthismonthinLyonarguethatinEurope,atleast,theremaybeapublicinterestinpromotingARTsafterall.Thelowfertilityrateinmanyofthatcontinent’smoredevelopedcountriesmeanstheirpopulationsareageingandshrinking.Ifgovernmentswanttochangethis,ARTs—mostsignificantlyin-vitrofertilization(IVF)—couldofferatleastpartofawaytodoso.
TinaJensenoftheUniversityofSouthernDenmarkhasjustfinishedastudyofmorethan700,000Danishwomen.ShefoundthatyoungwomeninDenmarkhaveasignificantlylowernaturalconceptionratethaninpastdecades.Whateverthecause,shealsofoundthattheeffecthasbeenalmostcompletelycompensatedforbyanincreasinguseofARTs.Denmark’snativepopulationismoreorlessstable,butsome3.9%ofbabiesborntherein2003weretheresultofIVF.ThecomparablefigureforanothernorthernEuropeancountry,Britain,was1.5%.WithoutIVF,then,thenumberofDaneswouldbeshrinkingfast.ThatmaynothavesomethingtodowiththefactthatinDenmarkthetaxpayerwillcoveruptosixcyclesofIVFtreatment.InBritain,bycontrast,couplesaresupposedtobeentitledtothreecycles.Inpractice,manyofthelocaltruststhatdishthemoneyoutdonotpayforanycyclesatall.JonathanGrant,theheadoftheCambridgebranchoftheRandCorporation,believesthisisshortsighted.Thecostofofferingsixcyclestocoupleswouldbeanextra£250m-430mayear.Thatisnottrivial,butDrGrantreckonsitischeaperthanotherwaysofboostingthebirthrate.Thereare,ofcourse,somedisadvantagestopromotingIVF.Inparticular,womenwhouseittendtobeolderthanthosewhoconceivenaturally,andthatcanleadtocongenitalproblemsintheirchildren.ButifthecountriesofEuropedowishtokeeptheirpopulationsup,makingIVFmorewidelyavailablemightbeagoodwayofdoingso.
31.Accordingtothetext,thepublic’sopinionontheinfertilitytreatmentsisthat_____.A)thetreatmentsshouldbepaidforoutofpublicfunds
B)thetreatmentsarenotsocompulsoryastheyconsumethelimitedpublicfunds
C)thetreatmentsaren
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