年前美国的火灾American fireyears ago.docx
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年前美国的火灾American fireyears ago.docx
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年前美国的火灾Americanfireyearsago
90年前美国的火灾(Americanfire90yearsago)
Oh
March25,1911,"NewDeal"fromthisdayhasalreadybegun......
Halfanhour,146lives
90yearsagotoday,onMarch25,1911,therewasaextremelybrutalfactoryfireinNewYorkcity.
Atthebeginningofthelastcentury,NewYorkwasfullofgarmentfactoriesandwomen'sShirtCompanies(TheTriangle)
ShirtwaistCompany)isoneofthem.TheseclothingfactoriesarenewimmigrantsandpoorpeopleinNewYork
Themostcommonwayforwomentrapped.ThetriangleblousecompanyislocatedinthecityofWashingtonSquarenearNewYork
Gbuilding(AscheBuilding),thatisa10story,veryclassiccommercialofficebuilding
Thebuildingqualityisprettygood.OnSaturday,March25,1911,at4:
40p.m.,thetragedywasover
Happenhere.
Thetrianglewomen'sshirtscompanyhasrentedthetop3floorsofthebuilding.Nearly500employeesarethere
Mostoftheworkiswomen'sclothingworkers.OnMarch25th,theeighth-floorworkshopsuddenlyburstintoflames.
Tothisday,nocauseofthefirehasbeendetected.
NearlyacenturyagointheUnitedStates,thegovernmenthadalimitedmandateintheeconomicsphereandhadneverthoughtofit
Aseriesofstandardsforworkplacesafety.Theowneroftheclothingfactoryissavingtherent,
Naturally,thesewingmachineisarrangedastightlyaspossible,andinalimitedspace,itiscrammedintoasmanyequipmentandworkersaspossible.
Inaddition,theworkshopisstrewnwithflammableclothandcardboardboxes,althoughthebuildingitselfisnotflammable,buttheroom
Oncethefirebrokeout,thefirespreadrapidlyandwentoutofhand.Andtheovercrowdedworkshopmakes
Theworkercouldnotescapeeasily.
Thefirestartedonthe8floor,andthefirewentup.Thetop10officestaffreceivedawarningcallinduecourse,
Evacuatedtotheroof.Theworstburnedistheninthfloor,whichistheferocityofthefire.Later,peoplefoundoutthat..,
Manywomenworkerswereburnedtodeathonsewingmachines.Therestoftheworkersontheelevatorandthrownintoapanicthenarrowstairs.
The8floorinafewminutesbecameaseaoffire,theelevatorquicklyfailed,hasneverreachedthe9floor.more
Tragically,thestairswerelocked,whichwasacommonpracticeofthatage-topreventfemaleworkersfromstealing
Plantproducts.Andallthepeopleweresealedaliveinthefire.Later,peoplecalledit"death"
Deathtrap".
Deathisnotconfinedtotheinterior.Theironfireoutdoorswasquicklyburned,deformed,melted,andcollapsed.some
Unabletoendureburningyoungwomen,jumpedfromanaltitudeof24meters,thesidewalkiseverywhere.
Whofalls.Thetwowomenworkerswerehangingontheouterwall,andthepeopleinthestreetwatchedastheyheldonfor3minutes,
Theirfingersburneduntiltheflames,theyalsofell,fellonthesidewalk.
Firehasanacceleratedprocess,andpeopleinthefirebeforetheabilitytowithstandistheworst.Thefirecontinued
Itwasextinguishedinhalfanhour.146younglivesweredestroyedinthishalfanhour.
Ifthestrikewasaunionvictory......
ThetraditionalconceptintheUnitedStates,businessisbusinesspeopleownthings,donotdothegovernmentinterference,
Theterm"contractfreedom"iswhatthismeans.Suchtraditionsarenaturallyconducivetofreeeconomicdevelopment
Ontheotherhand,aftertheexpansionofeconomicscale,thecrisisofinabilitytoadjustlaborandcapitalconflictshasbeenexposed.
Withthemodernizationofindustry,industryitselfhasbeenreborn,expandingrapidly,completelynottheoriginalface
The.However,labourlegislationandthecorrespondingideashavenotkeptpacewiththeconsequentintensificationoflabour
Conflictofinformation.Theworkersthemselvesorganizedthemselves,demandingtherightsoftheirbosseswithstrikesandprotest,andtheboss
Fightanddealwiththeworkerstoprotecttheirowninterests.Thisisonlyapartialcatandmousegame
Negativeindefinite.ButtheentireAmericansocietyhasnotformulatedthecorrespondinglegalrule,toregulategraduallymodernized
Industrialrelations.Fireeventsoccurattheendofthisphase.
Theworkersalreadyhadtheirowntradeunionorganization.Just16monthsbeforethefire,November190924
Onthe18th,the1800workersoftheclothingtradeunion,includingthewomen'sclothingworkersofthetrianglecompany,heldone
Nextstrike.Theirstrikedemandsincludenotlockingthedoorintheworkplace.Whatifthestrikewasaunion?
Ifyouwin,theconsequencesofthefirewillbegreatlyalleviated.Unfortunately,thestrikefailedtoberealizedbytheworkers
Owndemand.
Triggeringlarge-scalechangesinAmericanSociety
Aftertheincident,theNewYorkTimesandothernewsmediacarriedoutexhaustivereportsonthefire
Thecauseoftheaccidentisreviewed.Thewholesocietywasdeeplyshockedbytheshockoftheincident
In.
Theweakpositionofworkers,theymayreachthetragicextent,hasneverbeensogoodtopeople
Knowledgecallstheconscienceofsociety.ThefocalpointisthestategovernmentandcivilsocietyinNewYork
Firstofall,wecomeouttosharetheresponsibility.
Americanshavealwaysbelievedthatevenasmallsocialprogressdependsoncommonefforts
Toprotest,notwaitforgovernmenthandouts.Therefore,theAmericancivilsocietyhasalwaysbeendeveloped.Acenturyago,
NewYorkalreadyhasthemechanicalworkersassociation,thewomen'sclubsUnion,thePublicSecurityCommission,andtheequalvotecoalition,
Architecturalalliance,NewYorkclothingFederation,theAssociationfortheimprovementofthelivingconditionsofthepoorandemployeesoftheNationalFederationofhumanrights
Lietal.
DrAnnaShaw,oftheequalvotecoalition,said:
"Ilowermyheadandsaytomyself,"Iamresponsible
The.Yes,everymanandwomaninthiscityisresponsible."People'ssenseofguiltandresponsibility
Thesenseofresponsibilityisfinallyimplementedasaconcretestepbystep.Theycalledonthestategovernmenttosetupafirebureau,andalargenumberofthem
Increasefirepreventionandfactoryinspectors.
Priortotheestablishmentofthefireprotectionbureau,25membersofthe"improvementworkplacesafetycommittee"wereestablished".committee
ThefirstmemberofayearinNewYorktoinspecttheworkofthe1836places,listentothetestimonyof222people.
Somehearingsareheldinfrontofthelegislature.Theyhaveputforwardanumberofnewlegislationandamendments.this
Thecommittee'sfirst4yeartermisthegoldenageoffactorylegislation"."Work
Itwasinthisperiodthatthelawofmotionwasadopted.Thecommitteecloselycoordinateswiththelegislativebody,theformerinvestigationand
Foundtheproblem,thelatterlegislationimprovement.
Theselegislationisquitespecific,forexample,thelegislationstipulatesthateveryfloorofafactorymusthavetwoexits,atleast
Oneisanindoororoutdoorfireescape.Eachfloorareaofmorethan460squaremeters,itmustbere-
Increaseanexit;and,aslongasthebuildingismorethan30metershigh,itmustbebuiltatleastoneoutdoor
Fireescape.Thefirewallandfirestaircasetothefirewallandotherconstructionnormativelegalprovisions;limitwork
Thenumberofpeoplepersquaremetreofspace,thelimit,thepossibilityofsafeevacuation,etc..
Alltheunfavourablefactorsofthetrianglefiredisasterhavebecomethebasisoflegislation."Laborlaw"stipulatesthatworkers
Afiredrillmustbeconductedevery3monthsasaplace.In1912,thelegislationstipulatedthatitshouldexceed7storeys
Theautomaticfiresprinklersystemmustbeinstalledonthefloorof200staffmembers.Andinanyone,morethantwo
Theautomaticalarmsystemmustbeinstalledatthelevelofmorethan25employees.Inviewofthetrianglecompanyscattered
Thewastecartonsandclothinamessaretheimportantreasonsfortherapidexpansionofthefire,andtherearelegislativeprovisionsfortheworkplace
Thewasteconcentrationmodeprovidesforfirepreventioncodesforwastebins.Inthefire,30ofthedeadwerekilled
Burnedintheopenelevator,NewYorkthenmadelegislationinJuly1911,andlaterallthecitiesinthestate
Theelevatorshaftmustbeclosed.
Thesebuildingsandfirecodesareprobablycommonknowledgetoday,nearly100yearsagoatthebeginningofthiscentury,
Formostpartsoftheworld,newthingsareunheardof.
Afterthecompletionofthelegislation,ifthereisnogovernmentadministrationofthefactory'sroutineinspectionandenforcementofthelaw,infrontof
Alleffortswillbecasttowaste.TheadministrationinNewYorkhasbeenfeelingweak.So,thelegislature
Ithasfurtheradoptedlegislationtostrengthentheauthorityandcapacityoftheexecutivebranch,forexample,greatlyincreasingtheMinistryoflabour
Thepreparationofsupervisors,thelegislativeprovisionsoftheresponsibilitiesandpowersofvariousdepartments,andsoon.Standingintoday'sreview,everybody
Itisacknowledgedthatalmostacenturyagothischangehasbeeneffectiveandsuccessful.
Thenewdealbeginsonthisday
146livestragicallydisappeared.Inthefaceofsuchatragedy,asocietyistolearn,never
Prisonisthetouchstoneofwhetherthesocietyishealthyornot.Inthiscase,thepressassumedtheircustody
Thereportcallsforthedutyofsocialconscience,andtradeunionsandcivilsocietyarethebackboneofreform.Statelegislature
Asabranchoflegislation,theyhavesuccessfullyrepresentedtheinterestsofthepeople.Theimplementationoftheseregulations,
Obviously,employers'productioncostswillbegreatlyincreased.
Theincidentisfarfromsimp
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