届高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解训练主旨大意二.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解训练主旨大意二.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练主旨大意二
阅读理解-主旨大意
(二)
A
(2017·湖北武汉武昌区高三年级调研考试)IfeltlikeIhadclickedmyheelsthreetimesandcometoacountryawayfromhomeeverymorningasIwalkedthroughthedoorsattheEmbassyofAustraliainWashington.MusicalAussieaccentsandAboriginalartexhibitsmademewonderifIhadenteredwithoutavisa.InfactIwasatemporaryemployee,apublicaffairsunpaidintern(实习生)forthreemonthsduringthesummerinordertoengagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtostudythenextspring.
DuringthesummerIreadtheAustraliannewseveryday.WorkingattheembassyallowedmetoescapetheU.S.forsixhoursperdayandlearnaboutwhatwasgoingonacrosstheplanet.AfterreadingthedailyAustralianandU.S.newsIusuallyhelpedprepareaPowerPointpresentationforschoolkidswhovisitedtheembassyaspartofaschoolactivity.Dependingonwhetheranembassyeventwasgoingon,IwouldattendweeklymeetingstolistentoplanningandseewhatIcoulddotohelp.Usuallythereweresmallertaskstobedonesuchascreatingvisitors'guides.
ThemostfantasticeventinwhichIparticipatedwasthevisitoftheAustralianPrimeMinister.AstheonlyAmericanamongcountlessAustralianmediaandstaff,IfeltcomfortableandwaskeptbusytakingpicturesandrecordingdoorstopinterviewsatfamoussitessuchastheCapitol.Asanintern,youwillnotbeexposedtotopsecretinformation,butyouareontheinsidewhenitcomestospecialevents.
Governmentworkisausefuladditiontoone'sexperience.Asanembassyemployeeyouwillgaininvaluableknowledgewhilespendingyoursummerinaculturallydiverseworkplace.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。
讲述了作者为了要到澳大利亚学习提前在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历。
1.Whatistheauthortalkingabout?
A.Herembassyinternship.
B.Hertroubleinfindingajob.
C.Herforeigncultureexperience.
D.Herpreparationforfutureemployment.
A [考查主旨大意。
根据全文大意可知,作者主要讲述了她在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历。
]
2.WhywastheauthorintheEmbassyofAustraliaforthreemonths?
A.Toapplyforavisa.
B.TopreparetostudyinAustralia.
C.TorecordmusicalAussieaccents.
D.ToappreciateAboriginalartexhibits.
B [考查细节理解。
根据第一段最后一句中的“inordertoengagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtostudythenextspring”可知,作者实习的原因是让自己融入澳大利亚的文化中,因为明年春天她要去那里学习,故答案为B。
]
3.WhatwastheauthorforbiddentodowhentheAustralianPrimeMinistervisitedAmerica?
A.Recorddoorstopinterviews.
B.Knowtopsecretinformation.
C.Takepicturesofspecialevents.
D.StandamongtheAustralianstaff.
B [考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“youwillnotbeexposedtotopsecretinformation”可知,实习生不会接触到绝密信息,故选B。
]
4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor'sdailyroutineattheEmbassy?
A.Itistiring.B.Itisboring.
C.Itisexciting.D.Itisrelaxing.
C [考查推理判断。
根据第三段第一句中的“Themostfantasticevent”以及最后一段中的“ausefuladdition”和“gaininvaluableknowledge”可知,作者对这次经历的描述是非常积极和正面的,因此可以推断出,在大使馆工作是令作者兴奋的。
]
B
(2017·长春七校第一次联考)ThereisapopularsayingintheEnglishlanguage:
“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverhurtme.”Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords,namecallingoreventhesocalled“thesilenttreatment”canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit,sometimesevenmoreso.
Arecentstudyofmiddleschoolchildrenshowedthatverbal(言语的)abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain.ThestudywasaprojectofresearchersatHarvardMedicalschoolinMassachusetts.ResearcherMartinTeicherandhisteamstudiedyoungadults,aged18to25.Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents.Theresearchersaskedtheyoungpeopletoratetheirchildhoodexposuretoverbalabusefrombothparentsandotherchildren.Thentheresearchersperformedimagingtestsonthebrainsofthesubjects.
Theimagesshowedthatthepeoplewhoreportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschoolhadunderdevelopedconnectionsbetweentheleftandrightsideofthebrain.Thetwosidesofthebrainareconnectedbyalargebundleofconnectingfiberscalledthecorpuscallosum.Thiswastheareathatwasunderdeveloped.
Themiddleschoolyearsareatimewhenthesebrainconnectionsaredeveloping.So,unkind,hurtfulcommentsfromchildrenoradultsduringthisperiodhavethegreatesteffect.Theresearcherstestedthementalandemotionalconditionofalltheyoungpeopleinthestudy.Thetestsshowedthatthissamegroupofpeoplehadhigherlevelsoffear,depression,angeranddrugabusethanothersinthestudy.
TheresearcherspublishedtheirfindingsonlineontheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry'swebsite.
Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren,buttheycanpreparetheirchildren.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。
马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的研究人员发现,语言暴力会干扰大脑神经的连接,对孩子的大脑发育造成不良影响。
1.Whydoestheauthorusethepopularsayingatthebeginning?
A.Toshowthepowerofwords.
B.Tointroduceanoppositeview.
C.Toprovetheauthor'sargument.
D.Toshowancientpeople'swisdom.
B [考查作者意图。
引用名人名言、谚语等是文章开篇的常见写作方式,且大多用来引出文章的话题。
但是根据此谚语后面的“Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords,namecallingoreventhesocalled‘thesilenttreatment’canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit,sometimesevenmoreso”可知,本文引用这个谚语恰恰是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点,故选B。
]
2.Whatdidthesubjectshaveincommon?
A.Theywerehurtbyunkindwords.
B.Theyperformedpoorlyinimagingtests.
C.Theyhadtheirbrainslightlydamaged.
D.Theyexperiencednophysicalabuseathome.
D [考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents”可知,这些实验对象都没有遭受过父母的残酷或暴力对待,也就是说,他们在家里都没受到过身体上的虐待。
故选D。
]
[干扰项分析] 部分学生会误选A项,原因在于学生看到了第三段中的“reportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschool”而误认为所有的实验对象都遭受过语言暴力,但是根据前面的“thepeoplewho”可知,并非所有实验对象都遭受过语言暴力。
3.Whatwillbediscussedinthenextparagraph?
A.Commentsonthefindings.
B.Approachestofurtherstudies.
C.Suggestionstoparents.
D.Differentopinionsonthematter.
C [考查推理判断。
根据文章最后一段“Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren,buttheycanpreparetheirchildren”可知,作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可能遭受的语言暴力做好准备,使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议。
故选C。
]
4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Thewaywespeakmatters.
B.Verbalviolenceshouldbestopped.
C.Unkindwordshurtthebrain.
D.Wordsareworsethansticksandstones.
C [考查主旨要义。
文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响,再根据文中的“verbal(言语的)abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain”可以看出,其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面。
故选C。
]
C
Foryears,IthoughtthatmymotherwouldbecomeaCentenarian(百岁老人),butafter98yearsandeightmonths,sherecentlydiedofoldage.Asitwaswithmyfather,herfuneraltookplaceinthemostpeacefulsettingofthecountrysideofruralWashingtonCounty.Evenaftermyfatherdied,wecontinuedtothinkofourparentsasone.Theywereateaminthetraditionalsense.Churchandfamilyweretheirlifelines.Theyworkedhard,nevercomplaining.Theyexpectedtoearntheirdailybreadbythesweatoftheirbrow.
OnceduringaconversationwithTomBrokaw,whowrotethe
bestsellingbookTheGreatestGeneration,Itoldhim,“Youleftoutmyparents.”Theydidn'tgoofftowar,buttheybelongedtotheGreatestGeneration.They,too,werepartofthefoundationthatmadeAmericatrulygreat.Theykeptthehomefiresburning.
Ourmothergloriedinbeingahousewifeandmother.Havingbeenateacherinherearlyadultyears,wheneducationwasmoreimportantthananythingelse,shegaveupherjobtoraiseafamily.Shewasanexcellentcook,butshehadtocookonawoodstove.Therewasnorefrigerator,nothingelectric.Butnobodywaseverbetteratmakingdo.Inadditiontoallthehouseholdchoresandresponsibilities,shewenttothefieldseverydaytohelpproduceacroptopaytherentandtoprovideforthefamily.Sheandmydadworkedhardtosaveeverypennypossible.
Theysavedeverypennytobuyafarmlateinlife.Theyalsosavedenoughmoneytoliveouttheirrespectiveliveswithhomecarewithouttakingupresidencyinanursinghome.Theywerefiercelyindependent.Ifyouhadsuggestedtheyacceptagovernmenttransferpayment,theywouldhavespitinyoureye.
1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Motherplayedagreatpartinthefamily
B.Motherdiedattheageof98yearsold
C.Motherwasburiedbythesideoffather
D.Mothersurvivedfatherbymanyyears
2.Theunderlinedpart“one”inthefirstparagraph
means________.
A.parentB.centenarian
C.heroD.entirety
3.WhatdoweknowaboutTomBrokaw?
A.Heisoneoftheauthor'sparents'friends.
B.Helikestalkingwiththeauthor'sparents.
C.Hetakesupapositionasawriter.
D.Heisgoodatmanagingahome.
4.Howdoestheauthorfindhisparents?
A.Braveandhardworking.
B.Modestandwarmhearted.
C.Economicalandindependent.
D.Respectiveandsatisfied.
【解析】
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文,属于人生百味类短文阅读。
母亲像众多的家庭妇女一样,为了家人的健康和生活无怨无悔地辛
苦了一生,和父亲一起为了这个家奉献了一生。
1.解析:
选A。
主旨大意题。
作者从母亲的离世谈起,谈到
母亲为了家人,放弃了自己喜欢的工作,为了家人无怨无悔地奉献了一生。
故选A。
2.解析:
选D。
词义猜测题。
根据第一段中的“Evenaftermy
fatherdied,wecontinuedtothinkofourparentsasone.”可知,家人总是把父母看作是一个整体。
故选D。
3.解析:
选C。
细节理解题。
根据第二段TomBrokaw写的
书TheGreatestGeneration很畅销,可知他是一名作家。
故选C。
4.解析:
选C。
推理判断题。
根据最后一段可知,在作者眼
中他的父母节约每一分钱过生活,不喜欢接受他人的施舍。
故选C。
D
Lifeaffectsfriendships.Aswegrow,marry,fightinwars,moveacrossthecountryorchangejobs,oldfriendshipsfallawayandnewonesform.Aslongaswelive,thethingsarounduschange,andaslongasthingschange,friendshipsareaffected.
Whenwewerechildrenwehadbestfriends.Nomatterwhathappenedwewerestillfriends.Weliveourlives,however,anddowhatlifecallsforustodo,andaswegetolder,memoriesfade,facesblur,andevenfriends'namesfromchildhoodareforgotten.
Doyouhaveaquestionaboutfriendship?
Doyouwonderwhattodowithafriendwhoisnolongerfriendly?
Perhapsyouwillseethatyoucan'tcontroloth
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