基于vrp的交互漫游系统研究外文翻译本科学位论文.docx
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基于vrp的交互漫游系统研究外文翻译本科学位论文.docx
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基于vrp的交互漫游系统研究外文翻译本科学位论文
本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译
论文题目:
基于VRP的交互漫游系统研究
ResearchoninteractiveroamingSystemVRP-based
第一篇:
VirtualReality
Cyberspace
InterfaceDesign
EricVanHensbergen
(airwick@nick.csh.rit.edu)
January30,1993
ComputerScienceHouse
CPU861
25AndrewsMemorialDrive
Rochester,NewYork14623
716-475-3305
cshouse@nick.csh.rit.edu
RochesterInstituteofTechnology
OneLombMemorialDrive
Rochester,NY14623
(716)475-2400
ABSTRACT
VirtualRealityasaconceptessentiallydealswithconvincingtheparticipantthat
she/heisactuallyinanotherplace,byreplacingthenormalsensoryinputreceivedbytheparticipantwithinformationproducedbyacomputer.Cyberspace,avisualizationofthecomputerenvironment,isapracticalapplicationofVirtualReality,providinga
morenaturalinterfacebetweentheuserandthecomputer.
Designingvirtualworldsisachallengingdeparturefromtraditional"interface"
design.ThisdocumentcontainsinformationonthebasicconceptsbehindCyberspace
visualizationandinteractiontechniques.
1.Introduction:
DefiningInterface&Cyberspace
Cyberspace:
Anewuniverse,aparalleluniversecreatedandsustainedbytheworld’scomputersandcommunicationlines.Aworldinwhichtheglobaltrafficofknowledge,secrets,measurements,indicators,entertainments,andalter-humanagencytakesonform:
sights,sounds,presencesneverseenonthesurfaceofearthblossominginavastelectronicnight.
Cyberspaceisaconsensualhallucinationthatthesepeoplehavecreated.It’slike,withthisequipment,youcanagreetosharethesamehallucinations.Ineffect,they’recreatingaworld.It’snotreallyaplace,itsnotreallyspace.It’snotionalspace.
Cyberspacerepresentsoneofthemostpotentandimpressivevisualizationtoolsevercreated.
Now,entireuniverses,whethertheybeofourdesignorothers,notonlylayatourfingertips,butsurroundandenvelopusaswell.Itrepresentsthenextgenerationintheevolutionofthehuman-computerinterfacemedium.
Virtualrealityallowsamorenaturalizedinterfacewiththecomputer,thatgoesfarbeyondtheGraphicsUserInterface(GUI),point&clickwindowenvironmentsthataresopopularnow.Withvirtualreality,theuserissurroundedbyhisenvironment,andaninterfacecanbeestablishednotthroughtheconventionalkeyboardormouse,butthroughmorecomplextrackingsystemsthatkeeprecordofhandandheadorientation.
TheconceptoftheVirtualRealityterminalwasintroducedbyGibson,alongwithhisconceptofCyberspace.TheprogressionofdistributedsystemaccesshasprogressedfromthetextterminaltotheXwindowworkstation,andVirtualRealityisthenextstepininteractiveaccesstomulti-usercomputersystems.
AstheevolutionfromthetextterminaltotheXworkstationbroughtaboutadvancementinbothvisualizationandproblemsolving,thegiantleapintoCyberspacewillradicallytransformthewayweinteractwithcomputers.Thetransformationofdataintogeometricrepresentationswillallowustoviewcomplexsystemsassimplifiedshapesfromafar,orasacomplexmatrixofnetworkedmodulesfromaninteriorview.
Thepossibilitiesthatcyberspacerepresentscannotevenbegintorevealthemselvesuntilthefirstprototypesystemshavebeenimplemented.Itissuchannewconcept,onewhichrepresentsawholenewmediumofexistence,thatwehavenoframeofreferencetomakepredictionsonitsusefulness.
Aninterfaceisasurfaceformingaboundarybetweentworegions.VirtualRealityallowstheusertobreakthroughtheinterfacebarriertointeractdirectlywithvariousinformationformsinaninclusiveenvironment.
2.DesignConsiderations
Sincevirtualrealitytranscendsthetwodimensionalexistencewehavebeenforcedintothroughtheuseofconvensionalcomputermonitors,italsomakesmosttraditionaltheoriesofinterfacedesignobsolete.Operatingwithinaninclusivethreedimensionalenvironmentrequiresspecialphysicalandpsychologicalconsiderations.
Animportantdesignconsiderationstemmingfrominclusionisthatwhileweinteractwithinavirtualworld,wearesimutaneouslyinhabitingthephysicalworld.Peoplearefunctionallyattunedtotheearth’sgravityandtoverticalposition.Perceptualconflictsbetweenthevirtualandphysicalworldscausephysicaldiscomfortandfeelingsofdisorientationthatcanlastwellbeyondtheperiodofinclusion.
Inordertoovercomethesenaturalconflictsitbecomesnecessarytointroduceseveraltypesofreferencepoints.Themostcommonsofaristhe"extendedgroundplane"whichformsanartificialhorizontobeusedinordertogainpersonalorientation.However,thiscausesconflictswithinformationfromtheinnerear.
Anotherpersonalpointofrefrencewouldbevirtualbodyparts(ie.thevirtualhand).Selfrepresentationshaveproventobeoneofthemostengagingpartsoftheprimativevirtualrealitiesthatexisttoday.Thevirtualhandprovidesafocuspoint,removingsensesofvertigoanddisorientation.
Systemperformanceplaysapartindesignconsiderations.Aslowsystemornetworkcancausedizziness;thelagisespeciallynoticeablewhentrackingsystemsarepartoftheenvironment.Forexample,alagbetweenwhenyouturnyourheadandwhenthescreenupdatesisquitedisturbing.
AnotherpossibilitywhichisintroducedwithCyberspaceissensoryoverload.Individuallearningandpreformancestylesdiffergreatly,andwithoutpropercalibrationan"immersive"experiencecanbeconfusingandevendisturbing.
AccordingtoBricken,therearefourgeneralcategoriesofVRbehaviorthathavetobeconsideredwhendesigningtheinterface:
•Relocation-simplemovement
•Manipulation-modificationofenvironment
•Construction-creationofenvironment
•Navigation-longrangelocationandmovement
Inordertobeimmersivetherecanbenomenubar,nolistoficons.Withoutthekeyboardthereisno"hot-keys".Alltraditionalmethodsofinterfacearenotpossibleinsidethevirutalworld.Newmethodsofinteractionfortheabovefourcatagoriesmustbedesigned-thatisthechallengeofcyberspaceinterfacedesign.
3.ProcessVisualization
3.1.SurfaceActivation
MostcurrentviewsofCyberspaceseemtopointtowardsapolygon-basedenvironment.Therefore,inordertokeeptheexperienceimmersive,nomenuscan"magically"pop-up.Instead,thepolygonsthemselvesmustbeusedasaninterfacemethod.Sinceasingleshapemayhavemorethanonefunction,itisthereforelogicaltoassignfunctionactivationtothesurfacesoftheobject.
Eachsurfacethen,hastocheckforcollision,andthendecidehowtoreactasanotherobjectapproachesit.Thiscouldmeanthatwhileyou’reevaluatingacertainbutton,itwouldalsobeevaluatingyou.Tomaketheinterfacemorefriendly,surfacescould"announce"(throughtextmessagesorperhapsdigitizedsound)whattheirfunctionis.Italsofollows,thatthesurfacewould"highlight"itselfinordertoindicatetotheuserthatitisabouttobeactivated,orhasbeenactivated.
Forexample,pictureatexteditorasabox.Toeditthefilewithinityouwouldapproachthetop,tocheckthespellingyouwouldapproachanotherside,todeleteit-yetanotherside.Thismayseemabitcryptic,butwithappropriatelabeling(eithergraphic,sound,ortext)itwouldbefareasierthancurrentinterfacemethods.
Surfacescouldhaveavarietyoffunctions-fromsendingafileoractivatingaprocess,toteleportingtheusertoanothernetwork.Certainsurfaceswouldhavetobe’solid’,orwithoutanytypeoffunctionality,inordertoallowobjectmanipulation.Aprimaryfactorinhowanobjectphysicallyappearedwouldthenbebaseduponthefunctionalityofitssurfaces-thiscouldbeimportantasadistinguishingfactorbetweenobjects.
3.2.Connections&Ports
Thecomputerworldismovingmoretowardsnetworkenvironments,notjustexternally,butinternally.Internalnetworkconnections(ie.anetworkofprocessesonacomputerconnectedbyintracomputerpipes&sockets)areanintegralpartofmanyunix-basedworkstationenvironments.Virtualrealityisperfectfordesign,representation,andinteractionwiththeseinternalconnections.
Consideranotherfunctionforthesurfaceofapolygon.Insteadofreactingtoauser’sapproach,whatifyoucouldhookanetwork"pipe"uptoaportonthesurface.Then,astreamofdata,fromsomeotherobject,couldbetransmittedtotheobjectthroughthepipeandsocket.Theconnecting"pipes"couldbeattatchedanddetatchedtodifferentobjectsatthewhimoftheuser.Withalittlethought,design,andprogramming,aneural-netcouldbecreatedwithinthevirtualenvironmentwitheachneuronbeinganobject,andeachneural-connectionbeingapipe.
3.3.AutonomousEntities
Anotheraspectofavirtualenvironmentanditsinterfacewouldbevirtualentities,andourinteractionswiththem.Certainsystemutilties(daemons)willnodoubttakeformwithintheelectronicvoidofCyberspace.Thesedaemonswillhavespecialinterfacerequirements,seemingmorelikeconversationsthancommands.Theirfullknowledgeofboththesystemandvirtualenvironmentsmakethemquiteacomplexinterfacepuzzle.
4.DataRepresentation
Whereinteractingwithstaticdataiseasierthanactiveprocesses,staticdatarequiresamoreacuraterepresentationoftheactualcontent.Whetherindexdesignwillmimicreality,orusetheadvantagesofVRtoevolveisyettobeseen.DesignsforVRcard-catalogsarebeingdesignedatthesametimeascomplexmulti-dimensionalhyperstacks.
Howtocataloginformationforeasyretrievalhasalwaysbeenaninterfaceproblem.Usingvirtualfilecabinetsorspiralstaircasesthatextendintoinfinitydoesnotseemveryinnovative.
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