届高考二轮复习考点讲义阅读理解兴趣爱好与语言学习.docx

届高考二轮复习考点讲义阅读理解兴趣爱好与语言学习.docx

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届高考二轮复习考点讲义阅读理解兴趣爱好与语言学习

阅读理解-兴趣爱好与语言学习

·链接高考

链接1.（2012山东卷）

OneofthegreatestcontributorstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations（3130showinghowitwasused.

Thiswasahugetask,soMurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas"Broadmoor,Crowthome,Berkshire,"50milesfromOxford.

MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenext17years,hebecameoneofthestaff'smostvaluedcontributors.

Butbewasalsoamystery'.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897,MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthomehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabook-linedcellatdieBroadmoorAsylum（精神病院）fortheCriminally

Insane.

MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10.000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingWalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.

In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.

Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414.825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.

61.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary______.

A.cameoutbeforeMinordied

B.waseditedbyanAmericanvolunteer

C.includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurray

D.wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary

62.HowdidDr.Minorcontributetothedictionary?

A.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.

B.Hesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoMurray.

C.Heprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotations.

D.HewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.

63.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?

A.Hewasshutinanasylum.B.HelivedfarfromOxford.

C.Hewasbusywritingabook.D.Hedislikedtraveling.

64.Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause.

A.theybothservedindieCivilWar

B.theyhadacommoninterestinwords

C.MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurray

D.MurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinor

65.WhichofdiefollowingbestdescribesDr.Minor?

A.Braveanddetermined.B.Cautiousandfriendly.

C.Considerateandoptimistic.D.Unusualandscholarly.

66.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.

B.ThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinor

C.MinorandthefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary.

D.BroadmoorAsylumanditspatients.

链接22010江西卷

Everydayweexperienceoneofthewondersoftheworldarounduswithoutevenrealizingit.

Itisnottheamazingcomplexityoftelevision,northeimpressivetechnologyoftransport.Theuniversalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilitytomakenoisewithoutmouths,andsotransmitideasandthoughtstoeachother’sminds.

Thisabilitycomessonaturallythatwetendtoforgetwhatamiracleitis.

Obviously,theabilitytotalkissomethingthatmarkshumansofffromanimal.Ofcourse,someanimalshavepowersjustasamazing,Birdscanflythousandsmilesbyobservingpositionsofthestarsintheskyinrelationtothetimeofdayandyear.InNature’stalentshow,humansareaspeciesofanimalthathavedevelopedtheirownspecialact.Ifwereduceittobasicterms,it’sanabilityforcommunicatinginformationtoothers,byvaryingsoundswemakeaswebreatheout.

Notthatwedon’thaveotherpowersofcommunication.Ourfacialexpressionsconveyouremotions,suchasanger,orjoy,ordisappointment.Thewayweholdourheadscanindicatetootherswhetherwearehappyorsad.Thisisso-called“bodylanguage”.Bristling（直立的）furisanunmistakablewarningofattackamongmanyanimals.Similarly,thebowedheadordroopingtailshowsareadinesstotakesecondplaceinanyanimalgathering.

Suchameansofcommunicationisabasicmechanismthatanimals,includinghumanbeings,instinctivelyacquireanddisplay.Istheabilitytospeakjustanothersortofinstinct?

Ifso,howdidhumanbeingsacquirethisamazingskills?

Biologistcanreadilyindicatethatparticularareaofourbrainwherespeechmechanismsfunction,butthisdoesn’ttellushowthatpartofourbodiesoriginatedinourbiologicalhistory.

72.Accordingtothepassage,thewonderwetakeforgrantedis________.

A.ourabilitytouselanguage

B.themiracleoftechnology

C.theamazingpowerofnature

D.ourabilitytomakenoiseswithmouth

73.Whatfeatureof“bodylanguage”mentionedinthepassageiscommontobothhumanandanimals?

A.Liftingheadswhensad.

B.Keepinglongfaceswhenangry.

C.Bristlinghairwhenreadytoattack.

D.Bowingheadswhenwillingtoobey.

74.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

A.Bodylanguageisuniquetohumans.

B.Animalsexpressemotionsjustashumansdo.

C.Humanshaveotherpowersofcommunication.

D.Humansarenodifferentfromanimalstosomedegree.

75.Thispassageismainlyabout.

A.thedevelopmentofbodylanguage.

B.thespecialrolehumansplayinnature

C.thepowertoconveyinformationtoothers

D.thedifferencebetweenhumansandanimalsinlanguageuse

分析解读：

B:

人类在自然中扮演的特殊角色；C:

给他人传递信息的力量；D:

人类和动物在语言使用中的差异。

整篇文章谈论的都是给他人传递信息的力量,使用语言的能力。

·专项训练

A

Trimming（修剪）Stamps

Nevertrytotakeastampoffitspaperbackingbypullingatit,evenifitappearstobelooseenoughtodoso.First,trimthepaperaroundthestampwithapairofsharpscissorsmakingsurenottocutofftheedgeofthestamps.Isuggestthatyouleaveaquarterinchsafetyareafromtheedgeofthestampwhenyoutrimthepaperbeforeyouaregoodatdoingit.

1.Thispassageiswrittenforpeoplewho_____.

A.havenomoneytocollectstamps

B.wanttoselltheirstamps

C.wanttocollectstamps

D.don’tknowhowtosortstamps

2.Thewriterdidn’tmentioncollectingstampsfroma____.

A.hobbyshop    B.shoppingwebsiteC.postoffice     D.stampdealer

3.Accordingtothewriter,attheverybeginning,stamp-collectingbeginnersshouldn’t____.

A.collectcommonstamps

B.borrowsomestampsfromtheirfriends

C.actasaninexperiencedcollector

D.spendalotofmoneyinbuyingstamps

4.Whatdoesthewritersuggestnotdowhentrimmingstamps?

A.Pullatthemtotakethemoffthepaperbackingwhentheylookloose.

B.Trimthepaperaroundthestampwithapairofsharpscissors.

C.Leaveaquarterinchsafetyareafromtheedgeofthestamp.

D.Makesurenottocutofftheedgeofthestamps.

5.Intheauthor’sopinion,collectingstamps____.

A.canmakealotofmoney   B.isnotadifficulthobby

C.doesn’trequireanymoneyatall  D.requiresalotoftime

B

Languagelearningbeginswithlistening.Childrenaregreatlydifferentintheamountoflisteningtheydobeforetheystartspeaking,andlaterstartersareoftenlonglisteners.Mostchildrenwill“obey”spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughtheword“obey”ishardlyaccurateasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedcooperationusuallyshownbythechildren.Beforetheycanspeak,manychildrenwillalsoaskquestionsbygestureandbymakingquestioningnoises.

Anyattempttostudythedevelopmentfromthenoisesbabiesmaketotheirfirstspokenwordsleadstoconsiderabledifficulties.Itisagreedthattheyenjoymakingnoises,andthatduringthefirstfewmonthsoneortwonoisessortthemselvesasparticularlyexpressiveasdelight,pain,friendliness,andsoon.

Butsincethesecan’tbesaidtoshowthebaby’sintentiontocommunicate,theycanhardlyberegardedasearlyformsoflanguage.Itisagreed,too,thatfromaboutthreemonthstheyplaywithsoundsforenjoyment,andthatbysixmonthstheyareabletoaddnewwordstotheirstore.Thisselfimitationleadsontodeliberateimitationofsoundsmadeorwordsspokentothembyotherpeople.Theproblemthenarisesastothepointatwhichonecansaythattheseimitationscanbeconsideredasspeech.

Itisaproblemweneedtogetourteethinto.Themeaningofaworddependsonwhataparticularpersonmeansbyitinaparticularsituation;anditisclearthatwhatachildmeansbyawordwillchangeashegainsmoreexperienceoftheworld.Thustheuse,atsevenmonths,of“mama”asagreetingforhismothercannotbedismissedasameaninglesssoundsimplybecausehealsousesitatanothertimeforhisfather,hisdog,oranythingelsehelikes.

Playfulandmeaninglessimitationofwhatotherpeoplesaycontinuesafterthechildhasbeguntospeakforhimself.Idoubt,however,whetheranythingisgainedwhenparentstakeadvantageofthisabilityinanattempttoteachnewsounds.

1.Beforechildrenstartspeaking____________.

A.theyneedequalamountoflistening

B.theyneeddifferentamountsoflistening

C.theyarealleagertocooperatewiththeadultsbyobeyspokeninstructions

D.theycan’tunderstandandobeytheadult’soralinstructions

2.Childrenwhostartspeakinglate____________.

A.mayhaveproblemswiththeirlistening

B.probablydonothearen