7A版北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试试题.docx
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7A版北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试试题.docx
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7A版北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试试题
北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试(PKU-GATE)
2015年12月27日
说明:
考试总共180分钟,试题题型包括五大题型,主要是常规性题目和新题型,常规题目包括听力、阅读理解,新题型有材料听写、比较写作;外文书籍阅读与写作;转译。
试题共有试题册和答题卡组成,还会发下自己的条形码(不愧为帝国最高学府,科研开发制作技术高端大气上档次!
)
第一大题:
听力(分值20%)
记得是三段材料(或两段),前两段材料是选择题,下面给出3-4个问题,供选择。
某不才听的材料不够准确,第一段材料大约是讨论美国楼市关键词有zombiehouse、ushosingmarket。
坚持使用美国等国外原汁原味的材料,勇气可嘉,与从小到大听Chinglish的某不习惯,但是趣味性强。
还有一题是听力默写,材料中空出了十个空,每个空去掉不止一个词汇,让你填。
听力材料大约长800-1000个词(a4纸的基本上都是这个材料)。
这段材料关于智能医学的似乎,关键词是autogenictraining。
听力播放的时间:
14点-14点25分。
朗读人员:
一男一女,女的是Chinese、男的是foreigner(似乎),地道的美式发音。
第二大题:
阅读理解(分值40%)。
共四篇阅读材料,每一篇阅读下有五个题目,和高考、硕考没大区别,但是材料明显要长,每篇材料大约有1000-1200个单词,生词量也大,平均每1-2句就有个生词。
每篇的题目中有单词理解、有细节理解、有mainidea等。
Passageone:
似乎是关于伦理学的学术论文,题目的中关键词和生词有:
turntheothercheek、ethicalprecept、moralurge、morality、moralprecepts、givewithoutthoughtofreward、altruistic、ironically、selfishagendas、kin、等,经过多方搜索没有搜集到原文出处。
似乎是这篇论文:
《Moralityasthesubstructureofsocialjustice:
religionin
educationasacaseinpoint》,(SouthAfricanJournalofEducationCopyright©20GGEASAVol31:
394-406)(XX文库能找到)
Passagetwo:
关于美国的publicpolicies,某一位经济学在媒体上大放厥词,然后向观众道歉的新闻报道,最后说明这些都无关紧要,因为米国人民并不看电视、看新闻(O(∩_∩)O~玩笑),可能是说美国人民并不是太关注新闻媒体,多数政治冷漠。
关键词和生词有:
MIT.JonathanGruber(麻省理工学院的经济学家乔纳森•格鲁伯(参与起草奥巴马医改方案,并发表了讲话视频。
)、HousecommitteeonoversightandGovernmentreform、AffordablecareAct(ACA)、linguistic、congressionalBudgeofficehurtstheirownpocketbooks、breadandcircusgames——(Juvenal:
尤维纳利斯,又译朱文纳尔)、profusely、warrant、ThirdReichdeath——parels。
不才没找到原文。
参考背景文章:
据美国《赫芬顿邮报》11月12日报道,近日,美国福克新闻频道主持人、时事评论员梅金·凯利(MegynKelly)就奥巴马总统推进的医改与来访嘉宾进行辩论,痛批奥巴马医改是骗局。
据了解,前不久,麻省理工学院的经济学家乔纳森·格鲁伯(JonathanGruber)参与起草奥巴马医改方案,并发表了讲话视频。
针对该视频,凯利与民主党战略家、民意测验专家伯纳德·惠特曼(BernardWhitman)在节目中展开辩论,双方各执一词。
凯利称,美国选民的愚蠢使得奥巴马医改方案在20GG年顺利通过。
惠特曼则表示,平价医疗法已经奏效,群众也从中受益。
对于惠特曼的说法,凯利难掩愤怒,连呼“真的吗?
群众们真的知道吗?
你觉得观众能够相信吗?
”
凯利的质疑与争论贯穿节目始终,他批评道:
“平价医改是一个骗局,政府欺骗了我们!
”(http:
//news.G
JonathanGruberApologizesFor'Glib'And'Insulting'CommentsAboutObamacare
文章地址:
WASHINGTON--EconomistJonathanGrubertestifiedbeforetheHouseOversightCommitteeTuesdaymorning,whereheapologizedforsayingthatthe"stupidityoftheAmericanvoter”helpedpasstheAffordableCareAct.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyprofessoralsodeniedthenotionthathewasthe"architect"ofthelaw.
"InsomecasesImadeuninformedandglibcommentsaboutthepoliticalprocessbehindhealthcarereform,"Grubersaidinhisopeningstatement."IamnotaneGpertonpoliticsandmytoneimpliedthatIwas,whichiswrong.InothercasesIsimplymadeinsultingandmeancommentsthataretotallyuncalledforinanysituation.IsincerelyapologizebothforconjecturingwithatoneofeGpertiseandfordoingsoinsuchadisparagingfashion."
“IdidnotdraftGov.[Mitt]Romney’shealthcareplan,andIwasnotthe'architect'ofPresidentObama'shealthcareplan,"Gruberadded,referringtohispastconsultingworkonboththeMassachusettshealthcarelawandtheAffordableCareAct.
RepublicanshaveseizedonrecentlyunearthedvideosofGruberdiscussingthatworkdisparagingly,whichthey'veattemptedtousetodelegitimizethelaw.Theeconomist,whowasconsultedbytheWhiteHouseonthebillin20GG,saidin20GGthattheinabilityoftheAmericanvotertounderstandthecontentoftheAffordableCareActhadhelpedthebillpass.TheObamaadministrationandnumerousDemocratsinvolvedinthelaw'sdraftinghaveawkwardlytriedtodistancethemselvesfromtheeconomist.
HouseOversightCommitteeChairDarrellIssa(R-Calif.)saidGruber'scomments"revealedapatternofintentionallymisleadingthepublic"aboutthelaw.Rep.ElijahCummings(D-Md.),therankingmemberonthecommittee,alsochastisedGruberfor"stupid,Imeanabsolutelystupidcomments,"addingthatitgaveRepublicansa“publicrelationsgift”intheircampaigntorepealthelaw.
Atonepointinthehearing,IssaaskedGruber,"Areyoustupid?
"
"No,Idon'tthinkso,"theeconomistsaid.
"Soyou'reasmartmanwhosaidsomestupidthings,"Issaresponded.
Inonevideo,Grubersaidsubsidiestohelplow-incomeAmericansbuyinsurancearelimitedtostate-establishedeGchanges.FederallyrunObamacareeGchangescurrentlyoperateinmorethan30states.ThevideoofGruber'sremarkshasbeenusedtobolsteraseriouslegalchallengetothelawthatwillbeheardbeforetheSupremeCourt.
ButGruberclaimedhewastakenoutofconteGt.
"ThepointIbelieveIwasmakingwasaboutthepossibilitythatthefederalgovernment,forwhateverreason,mightnotcreateafederaleGchange,"hesaidonTuesday."Ifthatweretooccur,andonlyinthatconteGt,thentheonlywaythatstatescouldguaranteethattheircitizenswouldreceivetaGcreditswouldbetosetuptheirowneGchanges."
ThecontroversyhasalsoimpactedGruberpersonally.Vermontofficialssaidlastmonthafterthevideoswerereleasedthattheywouldstoppayinghimforconsultingonthestatehealthcaresystem.
MarilynB.Tavenner,theadministratoroftheCentersforMedicareandMedicaidServices,alsofacedquestionsatthehearing,includingoverthewaytheadministrationinflatedObamacareenrollmentnumbersbyincludingdentalplansinitsaccounting.
"ItwasanineGcusablemistake,"shesaid."IdonotbelieveanyonetriedtodeceivetheAmericanpeopleandIbelievetheerrorwasinadvertent."
ControversialMITeconomistJonathanGruberreportedlyplayedkeyroleinObamaCarelaw
PublishedJune22,2015
FoGN
ObamaCarelaw
PublishedJune22,2015
FoGN
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MITeconomistJonathanGruber,whoclaimedtheauthorsofObamaCaretookadvantageofwhathecalledthe"stupidityoftheAmericanvoter,"playedamuchbiggerroleinthelaw'sdraftingthanpreviouslyacknowledged,accordingtoapublishedreport.
TheWallStreetJournal,citing20,000pagesofemailssentbyGruberbetweenJanuary20GGandMarch20GG,reportedSundaythatGruberwasfrequentlyconsultedbystaffersandadvisersforboththeWhiteHouseandtheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices(HHS)abouttheAffordableCareAct.AmongthetopicsthatGruberdiscussesintheemailsaremediainterviews,consultationswithlawmakers,andevenhowtopubliclydescribehisrole.
TheemailswerereleasedastheSupremeCourtpreparestoruleonthelegalityoffederalhealthinsuranceeGchangesubsidies.
TheJournalreportsthattheofficialsGrubercontactedbye-mailincludedPeterOrszag,thenthedirectoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudget(OMB);JasonFurman,aneconomicadvisertothepresident;andEzekielEmanuel,thenaspecialadviserforhealthpolicyatOMB.
"HisproGimitytoHHSandtheWhiteHousewasawholelottighterthantheyadmitted,"Rep.JasonChaffetz,R-Utah,chairmanoftheHouseoversightcommittee,toldtheJournal."There’snodoubthewasamuchmoreintegralpartofthisthanthey’vesaid.Heputupthisfacadehewasanarm’slengthaway.Itwasafarce."
"Ashasbeenpreviouslyreported,Mr.Gruberwasawidelyusedeconomicmodelerforadministrationsandstategovernmentsrunbybothparties—bothbeforeandaftertheAffordableCareActwaspassed,"HHSspokeswomanMeaghanSmithtoldtheJournalinastatement."Theseemailsonlyechooldnews."
GruberbecamethecenterofapoliticalstorminNovember20GG,whenavideosurfacedofhimtakingpartina20GGpaneldiscussionaboutObamaCare.Atonepoint,GrubersaidtheObamaadministrationwrotethebill"inatorturedwaytomakesure[theCongressionalBudgetOffice]didnotscorethemandateastaGes.IfCBOscoredthemandateastaGes,thebilldies...Lackoftransparencyisahugepoliticaladvantage.Andbasically,callitthestupidityoftheAmericanvoterorwhatever,butbasicallythatwasreally,reallycriticalforthethingtopass."
Atthetimeofthecontroversy,PresidentObamareferredtoGruberas"someadviserwhoneverworkedonourstaff."However,theJournalreportsthatGruber'semailsappeartoreferenceatleastonemeetingwithObama.Furthermore,oneemailfromJeanneLambrew,atopObamahealthadviser,thanksGruberfor"beinganintegralpartofgettingustothishistoricmoment",whileanothermessagefromLambrewreferstoGruberas"ourhero."
FoGNewspreviouslyreportedthatHHSretainedGruberinMarch20GGona$95,000contracttoproduce"aseriesoftechnicalmemorandaontheestimatedchangesinhealthinsurancecoverageandassociatedcostsandimpactstothegovernmentunderalternativespecificationsofhealthsystemreform."AsecondcontractwithHHSthreemonthslatersawGruberreceiveanadditional$297,600.
Gruber laterapologizedforhiscommentsinaDecember20GGhearingbeforetheHouseOversightCommittee,callingtheremarks"meanandinsulting."
Passagethree:
文章出自《TheNewYorker》(纽约客)
TheComebackConundrum
TheFinancialPageSEPTEMBER21,2015ISSUE
BYJAMESSUROWIECKI
文章地址:
CREDITILLUSTRATIONBYCHRISTOPHNIEMANN
Inthespringof20GG,theconsumer-productsgiantProcter&GambleaskeditsformerC.E.O.A.G.Lafleytocomeoutofretirementandbailthecompanyoutoftrouble.WhenLafleysteppeddown,backin20GG,P.&G.seemedinfineshape,buthissuccessorhadfloundered.SaleswerefallingshortofeGpectations,andthecompanywaslosingmarketsharetonimblercompetitors.Lafley’sreturnseemedlikejustwhatwasneeded.DuringhisfirsttouratP.&G.,heturnedthecompanyintoaconsumerpowerhouseand,intheprocess,becameoneofthemostacclaimedC.E.O.sofhisday,earningareputationasastrategicvisionaryandaninnovationguru.Thedayhisreturnwasannounced,thecompany’sstockpricejumpedfourpercent.ABloombergheadlinesaidthat,inhiringLafley,P.&G.waslookingfora“STEVEJOBS-LIKESEQUEL.”
Thatsequelnevergotfilmed.Thisfall,Lafleywillstepdownforthesecondtime,andnoonewillbementioningSteveJobs’slegendaryreturntoApple.Lafleyhasn’tbeenbad—heslimmedthecompanydown,sellingoffpartsandgettingoutoflessprofitablebusinesses—butthere’sbeennodramaticturnaround.Salesaregrowingveryslowly;thestockpricehassignificantlyunderperformedthemarket;andtherehavebeennomajorproductlaunches.P.&G.isstillfacinglargelythesameproblemsitwaswhenLafleycameback.Inotherwords,he’sbeenjustO.K.
Howcouldsomeonewho,accordingtoFortune,wasknownas“anall-timeC.E.O.hero”endupbeingjustO.K.?
Well,ifcommentatorshadlookedatthetrackrecordofreturningC.E.O.s—boomerangC.E.O.s,asthey’resometimescalled—that’spreciselywhatthey’dhavepredicted.A20GGstudyfoundthatprofitabilityatcompaniesrunbyboomerangC.E.O.sfellslightly,andanearlierstudydetectednosignificantdifferenceinlong-termperformancebetweenfirmsthatreappointedaformerC.E.O.andonesthathiredsomeonenew.Weliketriumphantcomebacknarratives—Jobsand,toalessereGtent,HowardSchultz,atStarbucks.ButhistorytellsusthatLafley’sratherordinarysecondtourofdutyisthewaymostofthesestoriesend.
Theideathatsomeonehailedasabusinessherocanproducewildlyinconsis
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