新目标8年下 Unit4 B.docx
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新目标8年下 Unit4 B.docx
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新目标8年下Unit4B
Unit4HesaidIwashardworking.
Teachinggoals:
1.Theusageofdirect/indirectspeech.
2.Masterthepasttense.
Difficultpoints:
1.DirectSpeech:
thedefinition
e.g.
Mothertoldme,“Youshouldfinishyourhomeworkfirst,andthenyoucangooutandplaywithyourfriends.”
Theysaid,“Wewanttohavearest.”
ReportedSpeech/IndirectSpeech:
e.g.
MothertoldmethatIshouldfinishmyhomeworkfirstandthenIcouldgooutandplaywithmyfriends.
Theysaidtheywantedtohavearest.
2.当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时,由于引述动词(said,told等)一般都是过去时形式,因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。
有下面几种情况:
1)现在时间推移到过去时间
所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变成过去进行时,现在完成时变成过去完成时。
例如:
Shesaid,“Iamhungry.”
->Shesaid(that)shewashungry.
Hesaid,“Thefamilyarefightingamongthemselves.”
->Hesaid(that)thefamilywerefightingamongthemselves.
Tomsaid,“Ihavefoundwhat’swrongwiththecomputer.”
->Tomsaidhehadfoundwhatwaswrongwiththecomputer.
在下列场合,尽管陈述动词为过去时形式,间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变,即:
a)当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时:
Hesaid,“Theword‘laser’isanacronym(首字母缩略词).”
->Hesaidtheword‘laser’isanacronym.
b)当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时:
“I’mforty,”hesaid.
->Hesaidheisforty.
c)当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时:
Hesaid,“Itmustbeprettylate.Ireallymustgo.”
->Hesaiditmustbeprettylate,andhereallymustgo.
Hesaid,“Youmustn’tsmokeintheroom.”
->HesaidImustn’tsmokeintheroom.
2)过去时间推移到过去的过去
这里需要注意以下几点:
a)强调动作或状态先于引述动词时,一般过去时要变成过去完成体。
例如:
Hesaid,“Ididn’tknowyou.”
->Hesaidhehadn’tknownme.
当“过去的过去”已经不言自明,或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现,或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时,一般过去时形式可以不变。
例如:
Annsaid,“Shewasbornin1981.”
->Annsaidshewasbornin1981.
b)过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时,也可以不变。
例如:
Robertsaid,“IwasjokingwithMary.”
->RobertsaidhehadbeenjokingwithMary.
RobertsaidhewasjokingwithMary.
c)过去完成时仍为过去完成时,不需改变。
例如:
Hesaid,“Wehadn’treturnedtothestorewhenshecame.”
->Hesaidtheyhadn’treturnedtothestorewhenshecame.
d)时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。
例如:
Johnsaid,“WhenIlivedinLondonIoftensawJane.”
->JohnsaidwhenhelivedinLondonhehadoftenseenJane.
JohnsaidwhenhelivedinLondonheoftensawJane.
3)将来时间推移到过去将来时间
最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。
例如:
Hesaid,“We’respendingnextweekendathome.”
->Hesaidtheywerespendingthenextweekendathome.
Shesaid,“Themilkwillgooff(变质)ifyoudon’tdrinkittoday.”
->ShesaidthemilkwouldgooffifIdidn’tdrinkitthatday.
Theysaid,“We’regoingtoHawaiithissummervacation.”
->TheysaidtheyweregoingtoHawaiithatsummervacation.
但是,在引述时,如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间,那么,可以不推移到过去将来时间。
例如:
Hesaid,“I’llbewaitingforyoutomorrow.”
->Hesaidhewillbewaitingformetomorrow.
4)人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化
由上面的例子可以看出,当直接引语变成间接引语时,除动词时态变化外,人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也作相应的变化。
a)人称代词,除引述本人原话外,通常第一、二人称变为第三人称,或者第二人称变为第一人称;限定词也作相应的变化。
例如:
Hesaid,“Weloveourcountry.”
->Hesaidtheylovetheircounty.
b)指示代词this,these分别变成that/it,those/they或them;指示限定词this,those通常变为that,those或the。
例如:
“Thishouseisveryexpensive,”shesaid.
->Shesaidthathousewasveryexpensive.
Thechildrencamebackwithtwowalletsandsaid,“Wepickedtheseuponthepavement.”
->Thechildrencamebackwithtwowalletsandsaidtheyhadpickedthemuponthepavement.
c)时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况:
i)时间状语和动词时态两者都变。
例如:
Hesaid,“Itwascompletesayearago.”
->Hesaidithadbeencompletedayearbefore.
ii)时间状语不变,动词时态可变可不变。
例如:
Shesaid,“WeleftParisat8a.m.”
->ShesaidtheyhadleftParisat8a.m.
ShesaidtheyleftParisat8a.m.
iii)时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定,如果引述时间和说话时间(如同一年、同一月、同一天等),时间状语可不变。
例如:
Mr.Blacksaid,“WestartedlearningChineselastmonth.”
->Mr.BlacksaidtheyhadstartedlearningChineselastmonth.(同一月引述)
->Mr.BlacksaidtheyhadstartedlearningChinesethepreviousmonth.(可在同一月引述,也可不在同一月引述)
时间状语在间接引语中的变化规则如下:
直接引语间接引语
todaythatday
thismorning/afternoon,etc.thatmorning/afternoon,etc.
yesterdaythedaybefore,thepreviousday
(the)daybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore
tomorrowthenextday,thefollowingday
(the)dayaftertomorrowtwodaysafter,intwodays’time
nextweek/month,etc.thenextweek/month,etc.
lastweek/monththeweek/monthbefore
nowthen
d)地点状语here通常变为there;但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地,可仍用here,也可用具体地点代替here。
例如:
Shesaid,“Ifirstmetyourbrotherhere.”
->Shesaidshefirstmetmybrotherthere.
“Arethechildrenhere?
”Fatherasked.
->Fatheraskedwhetherthechildrenwerehere.
好了,让我们来检查一下这些知识点的掌握情况。
请将下面的直接引语变成间接引语:
1.Theplumbersaid,“Ican’tfixthebathtubtodaybecauseI’msick”
____________________________________________________
2.Grandmasaid,“Grandpaisfeelingmuchbettertoday.”
____________________________________________________
3.Mr.andMrs.Davissaid,“Wewon’tbeabletocometodinnerthisSaturdaynight.”
____________________________________________________
4.Thelandlordsaid,“Ihaven’treceivedthismonth’srentyet.”
____________________________________________________
5.CousinSuesaid,“I’msorryIdidn’thavetimetocomeoverandvisitlastSaturday.”
____________________________________________________
6.UncleHarrysaid,“I’llcallbacklater.”
____________________________________________________
7.Theneighborsacrossthestreetsaid,“Wewererobbedlastnight!
”
____________________________________________________
8.Sallysaid,“I’matmyfriendJuliet’shousenow.”
____________________________________________________
9.Mothersaid,“Yoursisterandbrother-in-lawaregoingtohaveababy.”
____________________________________________________
10.Auntysaid,“Therewasabigfireatthehighschool.”
____________________________________________________
请用第三人称转述下面三封电子邮件。
1.Subject:
Mother’sDay
InItalywecelebratetheMother’sdayonthe2ndSundayofMay,that’swhystudentsdon’tgotoschoolandadultsarenotatwork.Sonsanddaughtersusuallygivetheirmotheralittlepresentlikeflowers,chocolatesorapieceofcostumejewelry.
ElisabettafromItaly
2.Subject:
Father’sDay
IbelieveFather’sDayoccursonthethirdSundayofJune.Weuseittogiveourfathersachancetorestandrelax,anddothingstheyenjoy,suchasfishing,golf,etc.Theyneedabreak!
UsuallymyfamilywillbuyDadacard,takehimtoeatandplay.
FromtheUnitedStatesbyMelissa
3.Subject:
Christmas
OntheChristmasEvewedancearoundtheChristmastreeandSaintNicolaus.InmyfamilyweeatPorridgeintheeveningandwehaveaChristmastreeinthelivingroom.IntheChristmastreewehavecandlesandotherdecorationslikeredgoldenballsandredhearts.
FromSwedenbyGresa
参考答案:
1.Theplumbersaidhecouldn’tfixthebathtubthatdaybecausehewassick.
2.GrandmasaidGrandpawasfeelingmuchbetterthatday.
3.Mr.andMrs.Davissaidtheywouldn’tbeabletocometodinnerthatSaturdaynight.
4.Thelandlordsaidhehadn’treceivedthatmonth’srentyet.
5.CousinSuesaidshewassorryshehadn’thadtimetocomeoverandvisitthepreviousSaturday.
6.UncleHarrysaidhewouldcallbacklater.
7.Theneighboracrossthestreetsaidtheyhadbeenrobbedthenightbefore.
8.SallysaidshewasatherfriendJuliet’shousethen.
9.Mothersaidmysisterandbrother-in-lawweregoingtohaveababy.
10.Auntysaidtherehadbeenabigfireatthehighschool.
1.ElisabettafromItalysaidinItalytheycelebratedtheMother’sDayonthe2ndSundayofMay,andthatwaswhystudentsdidn’tgotoschoolandadultswerenotatwork.Shesaidsonsanddaughtersusuallygavetheirmotheralittlepresentlikeflowers,chocolatesorapieceofcostumejewelry.
2.MelissafromtheUnitedStatessaidshebelievedFather’sDayoccurredonthethirdSundayofJune.Shesaidtheyusedittogivetheirfathersachancetorestandrelax,andtodothingstheyenjoy,suchasfishing,golf,etc.Shesaidtheyneededarest.
Melissaalsosaidusuallyherfamilywouldbuyherfatheracard,takehimtoeatandplay.
3.GresafromSwedensaidontheChristmasEvetheydancedaroundtheChristmastreeandSaintNicolaus.ShesaidinherfamilytheyeatPorridgeintheeveningandtheyhadaChristmastreeinthelivingroom.ShealsosaidintheChristmastreetheyhadcandlesandotherdecorationslikeredgoldenballsandredhearts.
学科:
英语
教学内容:
HesaidIwashard-working.
Title
HesaidIwashard-working
Topic
Tellingastory
Functions
Reportwhatsomeonesaid
Structures
Reportedspeech
Simplepasttense
Canforability
Targetlanguage
Whatdidyourmathteachersay?
HesaidIwashard-working.
Icanspeakthreelanguages.
Whatdidshesay?
Shesaidshecouldspeakthreelanguages.
Vocabulary
hard-working,reportcard,candobetter,speaking,listening
average,OK
Recycling
soapoperas,party,surprise,house,drinks,snacks,lazy,beach,tomorrow
math,Spanish,history,science
Why…,Ican…
Good
Friday,Saturday
LearningStrategies
Listeningforkeywords
Self-evaluating
WordsandExpressions:
(n.名词adj.形容词adv.副词v.动词prep.介词)
单词/短语
词性
词义
讲解与例句
report
v.
报道;报告
Shereportsdirectlytotheboardofdirectors.她直接向董事会负责。
surprise
n.
惊奇
Tomysurprise,everyonepassedthefinalexam.
令我惊奇的是,每个人都通过了考试。
mad
adj.
十分恼火的
bemadat对……非常恼火
Shewasmadwithmeforlosingmykeys.
她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。
however
adv.
无论如何
Thisbookisexpensive;however,it’sworthit.这本书很贵,却很值。
message
n.
消息;信息
There’samessageforyoufromyourcousin.你表兄给你捎来个口信。
response
n.
回答;答复
Theymakeaquickresponsetomyinquiry.
他们对我的询问很快做了答复。
suppose
v.
假定;认为
Isupposeyouareright.我想你说得对。
WearenotsupposedtoplayfootballonSundays.不准我们在星期天踢足球。
hard-working
adj.
努力工作的
Everyoneknowsthatheishard-working.
每个人都知道他工作努力。
average
adj.
平常的;普通的
Heisamanofavera
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