四川省成都市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解基础训练80集连载25.docx
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四川省成都市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解基础训练80集连载25.docx
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四川省成都市高考英语二轮复习阅读理解基础训练80集连载25
四川省成都市2020高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练80集连载(25)
2020高考英语阅读理解集训。
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。
Tworecentstudieshavefoundthatpunishmentisnotthebestwaytoinfluencebehavior.
Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityintheUnitedStatesandtheStockholmSchoolofEconomicsinSwedendidthestudy.
TheyhadabouttwohundredcollegestudentsplayaversionofthegameknownasthePrisoner’sDilemma.Thegameisbasedonthetension(紧张气氛)betweentheinterests(利益)ofanindividualandagroup.Thestudentsplayedingroupsoffour.Eachplayercouldwinpointsforthegroup,sotheywouldallgainequally.Buteachplayercouldalsorewardorpunisheachoftheotherthreeplayers,atacosttothepunisher.
HarvardresearcherDavidRandsaysthemostsuccessfulbehaviorprovedtobecooperation.Thegroupsthatrewardeditthemostearnedabouttwiceasmuchinthegameasthegroupsthatrewardedittheleast.Andthemoreagrouppunisheditself,theloweritsearningswere.Thegroupwiththemostpunishmentearnedtwenty-fivepercentlessthanthegroupwiththeleastpunishment.ThestudyappearedlastmonthinthejournalScience.
Theotherstudyinvolvedchildren.ItwaspresentedlastmonthinCaliforniaataconferenceonviolenceandabuse.Researchersusedintelligencetestsgiventotwogroups.Morethaneighthundredchildrenagedtwotofourthefirsttimetheyweretested.Morethansevenhundredchildrenagedfivetonine.
Thetwogroupswereretestedfouryearslater,andthestudycomparedtheresultswiththefirsttest.Bothgroupscontainedchildrenwhoseparentsusedphysicalpunishmentandchildrenwhoseparentsdidnot.ThestudysaystheIQs--orintelligencequotients--oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere.Intheoldergroup,thedifferencewasalmostthreepoints.
MurrayStraussfromtheUniversityofNewHampshireworkedwithMalliePaschallfromthePacificInstituteforResearchandEvaluation.ProfessorStrausshaswrittenextensivelyaboutphysicalpunishmentofchildren.Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.HealsolookedataverageIQsinothernationsandfoundthemlowerwherespankingwasmorecommon.
1.Whichcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.Punishment
B.TheBestWaytoInfluenceBehavior.
C.PunishmentorReward:
WhichWorksBetteronBehavior?
D.TwoRecentStudies.
2.Theunderlinedword“spanked”probablymeans______.
A.wonB.punishedC.testedD.praised
3.Accordingtothepassage,theresearchersmayagreethebestwaytoinfluencebehavioris______.
A.rewardinggoodbehavior
B.correctingbadbehavior
C.punishingbadly-behavedchildren
D.praisingwell-behavedchildren
试题分析:
文章主要介绍了两项研究的过程和研究成果。
近期的两项研究显示,惩罚不是影响行为的最好方法。
其中一项研究显示,成年人在一个基于奖励的机制中更具合作性。
另一项研究表明,惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展。
1.选择最佳标题。
A项太片面;文章没有提到最好的方法,排除B;D项不够具体;根据第二段“Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.”和第六段“oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知,研究表明,奖励能够促进合作,惩罚不利于孩子的心智发展,故选C。
2.猜测词义题。
根据带第六段“whowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知,被父母体罚的孩子,他们的智商比没有受到体罚的孩子的低5分,根据最后一段“Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.”可知,孩子受到的惩罚越多,他们的心智发展得越慢,说明划线词是“惩罚”的意思,故选B。
3.推理判断题。
B、D两项文中未提及;根据倒数第二段“oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”和最后一段“themoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment”可知,惩罚不利于孩子的身心发展,排除C;根据第二段“adultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards”和第六段“fivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知,奖励能够促进合作,而惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展,只有A项与奖励有关,故选A。
【2020高考训练】阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
It’sgoodtomakemistakes,andhereiswhy.
Firstofall,mistakesareaclearsignthatyouaretryingnewthings.It’salwaysgoodtotrynewthingsbecausewhenyouaretryingnewthingsyouaregrowing.Ifyounevertryanythingnew,howcanyouimprove?
Howcanyouexpand?
Thesimpleansweris“Youcan’t”.Lookaroundyou.Withveryfewexceptions,eithereverythingyouseeinyourphysicalworldoreverysingledetailofeverysinglethingistheresultofsomeonetryingsomethingnew.
Anothergoodthingaboutmistakesisthis:
Whenyouaremakingmistakes,youarelearning.Considerthis:
Edisonfailed10,000timesbeforeheperfectedthelightbulb.Whenaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes,hesaidthathehadn’tfailed10,000times,butratherhadlearned10,000thingsthatdidn’twork.
Finally,whenyoumakeamistakeyouaremuchclosertosuccess.Why?
Becausewhenallissaidanddone,youwillhavetriedsomenumberofthingsbeforeyousucceed.Everytimeyoumakeamistakeyoueliminateoneofthosethingsandareonestepcloser.
Butthisalldoesn’tmeanthatyoushouldgoaheadwithoutconsideringtheconsequencesofamistake.Quitethecontrary,whenyoutrysomethingnewyouhavetobewillingtosetsomereasonablelimitssothatintheeventthatitdoesn’tworkoutthewayyouwantitto,youwillbeinapositiontotryagain.
Weallhavelimitedresourcesintheformoftimeandmoney,sodon’tblowthemallononeapproachtoaproblem.Realizethatitprobablywon’tbeperfectthefirsttimeandallocate(分配)theseresourcesappropriatelysoyoucanlearn,makecorrections,andtryitagain.Onlybyacceptingandusingyourmistakesinthiswaycanyoumakesignificantadvancesinyourbusinessandyourcareer.
Thereisanoldsayingthatgoes,“Ifyou’renotmakingmistakes,you’renottryinghardenough.”
Sogoforthandmakemistakes.Andlearn.Andgrow.Andprosper(成功).
1.Fromthesecondparagraph,wecanconcludethat_______.
A.mistakesareunnecessaryfordevelopmentB.weareafraidoftryingnewthings
C.it’scommonforpeopletomakemistakesD.mistakesarebetterthannottrying
2.Theunderlinedword“eliminate”means_______.
A.avoidB.removeC.acceptD.solve
3.Accordingtothearticle,onethingyoushouldpayattentiontoaboutmakingmistakesis_______
A.takingconsequencesintoaccountB.acceptingthepunishmentwillingly
C.avoidingmakingthesamemistakesD.tryingthingsoutonebyone
4.Whatwouldthewriterprobablysuggestwesaytoourselveswhenwemakeamistake?
A.Nevermind,Icanalwaystryagain.B.I’dbetterstayoutoftrouble.
C.Ok!
NowIcanlearnsomething.D.Lookatthismess.Anyonewouldbeupset.
参考答案1—4、DACA
【2020高考训练】阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Itwasoneofthehottestdaysofthedryseason.Wehadnotseenraininalmostamonth.Thecropsweredying.Cowshadstoppedgivingmilk.Thestreamswerelonggonebackintotheearth.Ifwedidn'tseesomerainsoonwewouldloseeverything.
IwasinthekitchenmakinglunchformyhusbandandhisbrotherswhenIsawmysix-yearoldson,Billy,walkingtowardthewoods.Hewasobviouslywalkingwithagreateffort...tryingtobeasstillaspossible.Minutesafterhedisappearedintothewoods,hecamerunningoutagain,towardthehouse.
Momentslater,however,hewasonceagainwalkinginthatslowpurposefullongsteptowardthewoods.Thisactivitywentonforoveranhour:
walkingcautiouslytothewoods,thenrunningbacktothehouse.Finally,mycuriositygotthebestofme.Icreptoutofthehouseandfollowedhimonhisjourney.
Hewascuppingbothhandsinfrontofhimashewalked;beingverycarefulnottospillthewaterheheldinthem.Branchesandthornsslappedhislittlefacebuthedidnottrytoavoidthem.Hehadamuchgreaterpurpose.AsIleanedintospyonhim,Isawthemostamazingsite.
Severallargedeerappearedthreateninginfrontofhim.ButBillywalkedrightuptothem.Ialmostscreamedforhimtogetaway.AndIsawababydeerlyingontheground,obviouslysufferingfromheavylossofwaterandheatexhaustion,liftitsheadwithgreatefforttolapupthewatercuppedinmybeautifulboy'shand.
IstoodontheedgeofthewoodswatchingthemostbeautifulheartIhaveeverknownworkingsohardtosavealife.Asthetearsthatrolleddownmyfacebegantohittheground,theyweresuddenlyjoinedbyotherdrops...andmoredrops...andmore.Ilookedupatthesky.ItwasasifGod,Himself,wasweepingwithpride.
1.Whydidtheauthorfollowherson?
A.Becausetheremightbedanger.
B.Becausehersonwasdoingagooddeed.
C.Becausesheintendedtohelp.
D.Becauseshewascurious.
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNotTrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Rainwasingreatneed.
B.Billycarriedwaterwithhissmallhands.
C.Therewerefewtreesinthewoods.
D.Billywalkedintothewoodsandthenreturnedoverandoveragain.
3.Whichisthecorrectorderofthedevelopmentofthestory?
①Theauthorwasmovedtotears.
②Billyfedthewatertothebabydeer.
③Billywalkedtowardsthelargedeer.
④Itbegantorain.
⑤TheauthorfollowedBillyintothewoods.
A.③②⑤①④B⑤③②①④
C.④①③②⑤D.⑤②①③④
4.Attheendofthestory,theauthormightexperiencedifferentfeelingsExceptthat_____
A.Billywasapride.
B.GodwastouchedbyBilly'sactivity.
C.therainshouldhavedroppedearlier.
D.itwasworthwhiletohavegivenbirthtoBilly.
参考答案1—4、DCBC
【2020高考训练】阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Fearmaybefeltintheheartaswellasinthehead,accordingtoastudythathasfoundalinkbetweenthecyclesofabeatingheartandthechanceofsomeonefeelingfear.
Testsonhealthyvolunteersfoundthattheyweremorelikelytofeelasenseoffearatthemomentwhentheirheartsarecontracting(收缩)andpumpingbloodaroundtheirbodies
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