论文开题.docx

论文开题.docx

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论文开题

Chapter1Introduction

1.1Significanceofthestudy

Englishisoneofthemostactivelanguagesamongtheworld.Withthedevelopmentofthehistoryandprogressofthetimes,aswellastheevolutionofthesocialandpoliticalsystems,modernEnglishhasalsobeenasynchronousdevelopment.Themainsignistheconstantemergenceofthenewwords,whicharecalledNeologisms.

Neologismreferstothenewlycoinedterms,words,phrasestoexpressnewthings,newconcepts,newideas,newexperiencesandnewproblemsinoralandwrittencommunication,whichmaybeintheprocessofenteringcommonuse,buthasnotyetbeenacceptedintomainstream.Becauseneologismsnotonlywitnessthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,butalsoreflectthegreatchangesinpolitical,economicandsocialfields,tosomedegree,comprehendingtheneologismstimelywillbehelpfulforpeopletofigureoutwhatishappeningaroundtheworld.

Nevertheless,forsecondlanguagelearners,thetranslationoftheseneologismsisparticularlyimportant.Uptonow,manytraditionmethodshavebeenputforwardbylanguageworkers,thosearecrystallizationoftheirwisdomandworthyofbeingfollowed.SotheauthorwondersthatitwillbebetterifafewgeneraltranslationmethodsofEnglishneologismscouldbesummarized,andthenseehowtheyachieveequivalenteffectindifferentcontext.Throughthisstudy,theauthorhopestoproposesomewell-acceptedsuggestionstomasterthetranslationmethodsinneologisms.

1.2ThesisStructure

Thepaperconsistsoffivechapters.

Thefirstchapterisageneralintroductionincludingthecurrentsituationoftheneologismdevelopment,thepurposeandsignificanceoftheresearchontranslationmethodsofneologism.ThisthesisaimstohelpEnglishlearnersdevelopagoodappreciationoftheemergingEnglishnewwords,providingthemostwidelyusedtranslationmethodsandanalyzinghowtheyachievefunctionalequivalence.

Thesecondchapterisliteraturereview,theauthordoesresearchonthestudiesaboutneologismsathomeandabroad,findingtheirhighlightsandlimitations,thentalkedaboutwhatshewilldiscussinthefollowingparagraphs.

ThethirdchaptermainlyconcernswithabriefsurveyonFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryandrelativeequivalentprinciplesinEnglishNeologismTranslation,mainlyincludingtheequalresponseamongreadersandculturalcontextinEnglishneologismtranslation.

ThefourthchapterputsforwardthetranslationofEnglishneologismfromtheperspectiveofFunctionalEquivalenceTheory,inwhichmanyformationmethodsofEnglishneologismsaswellasseveraltranslationmethodsofEnglishneologismwillbepresented.

Thelastchapterisconclusions,revealingthefindingsandlimitationsofthispaper.

Chapter2LiteratureReview

2.1DefinitionofNeologism

Theterm"neologism"originatesfromGreek:

neonmeansnew,logosmeansword.Thus,aneologismis,literally,anewword.Accordingto,OxfordAdvancedLearner'sEnglish一ChineseDictionary,"Neologism"canbedefinedas"newly一inventedword".WhileinLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,a"neologism"is"anewwordorexpression,oranewmeaningforanolderword”Inlinguistics,aneologismisarecently-coinedword,ortheactofinventingawordorphrase.Additionally,itcanimplytheuseofoldwordsinanewsensesuchasgivingnewmeaningstoexistingwordsorphrases.Theyareespeciallyusefulinidentifyinginventions,newphenomena,oroldideasthathavetakenonanewculturalcontext.

Linguistsholddifferentideaaboutthedefinitionofneologism,ChenChuxiangsays”Thenotionofneologismisrelative,theyarenewwordsinoneperiod,whiletheyarenotanymoreinotherperiods.”WangDechun:

“Neologismisasophisticallanguagephenomenon.Neologismcanbeformedbymeansofbuilding,borrowing,derivation,affixation,compoundingofoldwords,coinedbywriters.”（WeiChunzhi,2006）.SomescholarsthinkthatNeologismcanbedividedintounstableneologismsandstableneologismsintermsofitslifetime,andunstableneologismsareclassifiedintothosewordswhichareoutofuseandthosewhichcontinuetoturnupindocumentsbutonlyinsomespecialfields,whicharecalledspecialterms.Whilestableneologismsarethosewhichareusedwidelyandgraduallyrecordedintothevocabularysystem,whicharenamedgenericterms.

2.2PreviousStudiesonEnglishNeologismsAboard

SpeakingoftheresearchonEnglishneologism,itdatesbacktotheearly20thcentury.In1920,LeonMeadpublishedhisworkWord-Coinage,BeinganInquiryIntoRecentNeologisms,alsoaBriefstudyofLiterarystyle,slangandprovincialism,whichwastheearliestbookabouttheresearchonEnglishneologisms.Althoughitisnotadictionaryofneologisms,itcontainedmanyarticlesofneologisms.Inthosearticles,MeadputforwardthestudyonNeologismsforthefirsttimeandlistednumerousNeologismcreatedbysomeAmericanwriters.Atthesameyear,AlphonsoSmithissuedabooknamedNewWordsSelf-Defined,inwhich420wordsarerecorded.Someacademicmagazinesalsopublishedarticlestointroducenewwords.Manyneologismdictionariesinthe1950sareverypopular,especiallytheDictionaryofNewWordsinEnglish（Paul,1953）andTheDictionaryofNewWords（Mary,1955）.During1950s,Mr.PaulCharlesBergdidalotofjobtocollectnewwordsaboutthewar,whichbroughtushisDictionaryofNewWordsinEnglish（Paul,1953）.AftertheSecondWorldWar,alongwiththemassiveinfluxoftechnicalandscientificvocabulary,somedictionarieswerepublishedinrapidsuccession,mainlyincludingAnExplainingandPronouncingDictionaryofScientificandTechnicalWordswrittenbyW.E.FloodandMichaelWest.Inrecentyears,therearesomescholarsdiscussingtheneologismsfromtheperspectiveofsociallinguistics,theybegantotalkabouttherelationshipbetweenneologismsandsociety.Besides,someresearchesaredidonneologisminperspectiveoflexicology.

2.3PreviousStudiesonEnglishneologismsinChina

IntermsoftheresearchonneologisminChina,manylinguistscontributedalottoitsboomingdevelopment.In1984,LuShuxiang,arenownedChineselinguist,publishedanarticleonneologismsinDictionaryResearch,whichcaughttheattentiontothestudyofneologisms.Fromthenon,Chinesescholarbegantokeepawatchfuleyeonthestudyofneologisms.Theypublishedplentyofworksonneologisms,suchasTheAppearanceofNeologismsandSocialPsychology（Chen,1984）,NeologismsandSocialLifeinSpokenLanguage（Chen,1991）,TalkingaboutNeologismsandNormalization（Yao,1995）,NewWords,CultureandSociety（Yao,1998）.Theseworksdiscussedneologisminthesociolinguisticswayandtalkedaboutneologisminahigherandmorecomplexlevel.Whenreferringtotheformationofneologisms,HuZhuanglin,inparticular,providedmanymethodsoftheirformationsinhiswork,suchasderivation,blending,invention,back-formation,Etc.（LinguisticsAcourseBook,FourthEdition）.AndWangRongpei’sfindingsonvocabularyaresolidfoundationofformationmethodsofEnglishneologisms.Inrecentyears,consideringtheglobalizationoflanguage,manyscholarsputmoreemphasisontranslationmethodsofneologisms;theyconcludedmanytranslationmethods,suchasliteraltranslation,freetranslation,transliteration,omission,Etc.

Chapter3MethodologyandDiscussions

3.1ABriefSurveyofFunctionalEquivalenceTheory

3.1.1HistoricalStudyonEquivalencePrinciple

Equivalenceisthecentralissueoftranslatingstudies.Thestudyof“equivalence”hasalonghistoryathomeandabroad,thepresentersincludingXuanZangandYanFuinChina,Jakobson,Nida,Catford,Baker,WilssandNewmark,allofthesetheoristshaveendeavoredtointerpretthenotionofequivalence,approachedequivalencefromdifferentanglesandperspectivesandallhavecontributedmuchtothisareaofresearch.AmongwhichthebestknownisputforwardbyEugeneA.Nida.

EugeneA.NidaisanoutstandingAmericancontemporarylinguist,translatorandtranslatingtheorist."ThemainacademicactivitiesofhislifewererevolvedaroundTheBibletranslation."IntheprocessofTheBibletranslation,Nidaproceededfromreality,developedasetofindividualtranslationtheorywhichbecomeaclassicaltranslationtheoryfinally（TanZaixi,2004）.InhisbookTheTheoryandPracticeofTranslationin1969,Nidaproposedthefunctionalequivalencetheorybythenameofdynamicequivalence.“dynamicequivalenceisthereforetobedefinedintermsofthedegreetowhichthereceptorsofthemessageinthereceptorlanguagerespondtoitinsubstantiallythesamemannerasthereceptorsinthesourcelanguage.Thisresponsecanneverbeidentical,fortheculturalandhistoricalsettingaretoodifferent,butthereshouldbeahighdegreeofequivalenceofresponse,orthetranslationwillhavefailedtoaccomplishitspurpose”.

3.1.2TheMainContentofFunctionalEquivalenceTheory

“Atranslationofdynamicequivalenceaimsatcompletenaturalnessofexpression,andtriestorelatethereceptortomodesofbehaviorrelevantwithinthecontextofhisownculture;itdoesnotinsistthatheunderstandstheculturalpatternsofthesourcelanguagecontextinordertocomprehendthemessage”（Nida,1964:

159）.InNida'sview,adynamicequivalenttranslationmustfitthereceptorlanguageandcultureinordertomakethetranslatedmessageintelligibleandnaturaltothetargetlanguagereceptors.Butbecausetheexpression“dynamic”waseasilymisunderstoodassomethinginfluential,manypeopleconsideronetranslationthathasgreatinfluentialasthemodelof“DynamicEquivalence”,inordertoeliminatethiskindofmisunderstandingandemphasesthenotion“F