新课标高考英语复习题课时17 阅读理解体裁解读4 科普小品文 含答案.docx
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新课标高考英语复习题课时17 阅读理解体裁解读4 科普小品文 含答案.docx
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新课标高考英语复习题课时17阅读理解体裁解读4科普小品文含答案
课时17阅读理解体裁解读4科普小品文
Ⅰ.体裁解读——科普小品文
科学技术是人类进步发展的重要动力,阅读科学技术文献有助于我们学习了解把握科技知识信息,学会展开科技活动。
科技篇章的语言通常都是比较正式,偶尔会有写给青少年的科普作品,会用比较轻快简洁浅显生动的语言。
在科技篇章中,由于科学的严谨性,语句通常都比较严谨,表述直接明确,与其他类型篇章相比,被动语态、非谓语动词形式、形式主语结构使用相对较多,动词时态变化、比喻夸张等修辞形式使用相对较少,有时会有很多专业词语和语句形式,有些常用词可能用于表达专业意义。
科技篇章结构比较清楚,层次分明,语句段落逻辑关联强而且明确,限定性修饰比较多。
对科技篇章,同学们首先应该理解篇章的语词、语句,有些语词,特别是一些科技专业术语,可能涉及我们对篇章的关键内容的理解。
科技篇章中的词语、语句理解是科技篇章理解的重要因素,有时甚至是关键因素。
科技篇章的推论理解要素大多不太直接,同学们可以从科技篇章中推论出:
作者对科学精神和科学技术的作用功能的肯定赞同(偶尔会有反科学的所谓科技文章,但很少,考生几乎不可能在阅读英语材料时阅读到),作者对某一/某些科学观点/科学方法的肯定赞同支持,作者对科学家的肯定支持,作者对科学实验结论/结果的肯定支持等。
【体裁演练】
(2015·湖北高考)Theoddnessoflifeinspaceneverquitegoesaway.Herearesomeexamples.
Firstconsidersomethingassimpleassleep.Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.Themainquestioniswhetheryouwantyourarmsinsideoroutsidethesleepingbag.Ifyouleaveyourarmout,theyfloatfreeinzerogravity,oftengivingasleepingastronautthelookofafunnyballet(芭蕾)dancer.“I'maninsideguy,”MikeHopkinssays,whoreturnedfromasix-monthtourontheInternationalSpaceStation.“Iliketobewrappedup.”
Onthestation,theordinarybecomesstrange.TheexercisebikefortheAmericanastronautshasnohandlebars.Italsohasnoseat.Withnogravity,it'sjustaseasytopedalviolently.Youcanwatchamoviewhileyoupedalbyfloatingamicrocomputeranywhereyouwant.Butstationresidentshavetobecarefulaboutstayinginoneplacetoolong.Withoutgravitytohelpcirculateair,thecarbondioxideyouexhale(呼气)hasatendencytoformaninvisible(隐形的)cloudaroundyourhead.Youcanendupwithwhatastronautscallacarbon-dioxideheadache.
LeroyChiao,54,anAmericanretiredastronautafterfourflights,describeswhathappensevenbeforeyoufloatoutofyourseat.“Yourinnerearthinksyou'refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou'restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that'swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”Withinacoupleofdays—trulyterribledaysforsome—astronauts'brainslearntoignorethepanickysignalsfromtheinnerear,andspacesicknessdisappears.
Spacetravelcanbesodelightfulbutatthesametimeinvisiblydangerous.Forinstance,astronautslosebonemass.That'swhyexerciseisconsideredsovitalthatNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)putsitrightontheworkdayschedule.Thefocusonfitnessisasmuchaboutscienceandthefutureasitisaboutkeepinganyindividualastronauthealthy.NASAisworriedabouttwothings:
recoverytimeonceastronautsreturnhome,and,moreimportantly,howtomaintainstrengthandfitnessforthetwoandahalfyearsormorethatitwouldtaketomakearound-triptoMars.
1.Whatisthemajorchallengetoastronautswhentheysleepinspace?
A.Decidingonapropersleepposition.
B.Choosingacomfortablesleepingbag.
C.Seekingawaytofallasleepquickly.
D.Findingarighttimetogotosleep.
2.Theastronautswillsufferfromacarbon-dioxideheadachewhen________.
A.theycirclearoundontheirbikes
B.theyusemicrocomputerswithoutastop
C.theyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtime
D.theywatchamoviewhilepedaling
3.Someastronautsfeelsickonthestationduringthefirstfewdaysbecause________.
A.theirsensesstopworking
B.theyhavetostandupstraight
C.theyfloatoutoftheirseatsunexpectedly
D.theirbrainsreceivecontradictorymessages
4.OneofNASA'smajorconcernsaboutastronautsis________.
A.howmuchexercisetheydoonthestation
B.howtheycanremainhealthyforlonginspace
C.whethertheycanrecoverafterreturninghome
D.whethertheyareabletogobacktothestation
Ⅱ.能力提升演练
A
Welcometotheworldofmultitaking—aplacewherethemeasureofapersonishowmanyjobstheycanperformatthesametime.Infact,ifexpertsaretobebelieved,multitaskingisadisastrousidea.
OneoftheopponentsofmultitaskingisDr.CliffordNass,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity.“Peoplewhomultitaskfrequentlyarelessabletopayattention;they'reworseatmanagingtheirmemory,”hesaid.Inhisopinion,thelossthatwegetwithmultitaskingisharmlessinsomesituations,forexample,partofdoingbusinessinthedigitalworld;butyoucan'tdoseriousworklikewriting,thinkingorsolvinganimportantproblemthisway.Youdoworseevenasyouthinkyou'redoingbetter.Allthetimetheresearchpointstoasimplefact:
thebraincannotcope.Whenyoustopmidwaythroughcomposingareporttocheckanemail,youforceyourbraintostopandregroup.Itislikepressingthepausebuttonduringamovie,meaningthefilmtakeslongertowatch.
AndasforDr.Nass,theproblemsextendbeyondthebrain.Youngpeoplewhofrequentlymultitaskarenotassociallyandemotionally,healthyasthosewhodon't.Theyjustfeelmoreemotionallysatisfiedandthefeelingissogoodandtheyareboundtodesireitagain.ToddOppenheimer,awritersaid,“We'vebecomeaveryshort-termsocietyanddon'trewardpeoplefortakingalotoftimeonsomething.”Hefearswemayenduplosingthenextgenerationofgreatthinkers.“It'sreallyunfortunatebecausethelong-termchallengesofourworld—environmentalissuesfinancialissues—requirepeopletothinkwiselyaboutthelong-termconsequencesofwhattheydo.Andit'snocoincidencethatthekindofpeoplewhodothinklong-termdon'tmultitask.”
1.AccordingtoDr.Nass,multitasking________.
A.makestheperformanceemotionallyaffectedonly
B.contributestomemorizingvariousthings
C.mayresultinlosingthenextgenerationofgreatthinkers
D.canbeperformedusingdigitaltools
2.Fromthepassage,wecantell________.
A.thelossthatwegetwithmultitaskingisharmless
B.wemistakenlybelievethatwe'redoingbetterbyswitchingbetweentasks
C.multitaskingdoesharmtousineveryarea
D.foreverytaskyouaddtoyourmultitasking,youcanfinishyourgoalmorequickly
3.Whichofthefollowingisamultitaskingaddict?
A.Youturnyourcellphonetosilencewhenyou'reouttodinewithfriends.
B.YouwatchfromstarttofinishwithoutdistractionwhenplayingaDVD.
C.Youhaveyourofficedeskcoveredwithpaperworkfromvariousunfinishedprojects.
D.Youfeelthatwhenyoutrytodotoomuchatonce,theresultalwayssuffers.
4.Theauthormainlywantstotellus________.
A.thelessyouswitch,thebetteryoudo
B.itismoreefficienttodothingsallinamixedway
C.ittakeslongerforustobecomeagreatthinker
D.weshouldn'tbelazyifwewanttoaccomplishmanytasks
B
DanBebberisaseniorresearchfellowattheUniversityofExeterinBritain.HesaysresearchhasshownthatwildplantsandanimalsaremovingtowardEarth'sNorthandSouthPolesastheplanetwarms.
Mr.Bebberwantedtoknowifthesamethingwashappeningwithorganisms(微生物)thatattackagriculturalcrops.Heexaminedreportsoffirstsightingsofnewinsectsanddiseasesaroundtheworld.TherecordscamefromCABI—theCentreforAgriculturalBioscienceInternational.Hesaysthegroupbegancollectinginformationfromdevelopingandindustrializedcountriesyearsago.
DanBebberandhisresearchteamstudied612differentorganisms—fromvirusesandbacteriatoinsectslikebeetlesandbutterflies.Theyfoundthatsince1960,croppestsanddiseaseshavebeenmovingtowardthepolesatanaveragerateofabout3kilometerseachyear.Mr.Bebbersaysthisputsthemostproductivefarmlandintheworldindanger.
“Asnewspeciesofpestsanddiseasesevolveandpotentiallytheenvironmentforthembecomesmoreamenableathigheraltitudes,thepressureonthebreadbasketoftheworldisgoingtoincrease.”
Farmersfaceotherthreats.Invasivespeciespassedthroughtradearealsocausingproblems.GeneKritskyisanentomologistattheCollegeofMountSt.JosephinOhio.Hespecialisesinthestudyofinsects.Hesaysclimatechangemayimproveconditionsforsomeinvasivespecies.
“ItmeansthatspeciesinotherpartsoftheworldthatmightdowellinwarmertemperaturescannowdowellinthebreadbasketofAmerica.”
AnotherentomologistChristianKrupkeofPurdueUniversitysaystheeffectsofthesechangeswilldependverymuchonthecrop,theinsectandthedisease.Buthesaystheresearchisawarningsignthatpeopleshouldcareaboutclimatechangeanddosomethingaboutit.
5.ThepurposeofDanBebber'sresearchwastofind________.
A.iffarmlandcouldbemovedtocolderplacesthankstoglobalwarming
B.ifdiseasesandinsectsharmfultocropsweregoingtowardscolderareas
C.iforganismsweremovingtothenorthandsouthpoles
D.ifthenumberofcroppestswasincreasing
6.AccordingtoDanBebber,ifcroppestskeepmovingtowardsthepoles,________.
A.itwillbehardforfarmerstokillthem
B.themostproductivefarmlandwillproducemorecrops
C.theearthwillnotproduceenoughfoodtosupporttheworld
D.theconditionsforsomecropsmaybeimproved
7.Whichofthefollowingisnotathreatthatfarmershavetoface?
A.Climatechangemakescroppestsadapttoanewenvironment.
B.Foreignspeciesarebroughtinbytrade.
C.InvasivespeciesdoingwellinwarmerplacesmightdowellinAmerica.
D.Theimpactsoftheclimateandspecieschangesoncropsarenoteasytodetermine.
C
3DprintersontheRise
Howdopeopletraditionallymanufacturethings?
Theyusuallystartwithasheetofmetal,woodorothermaterialandcut,drillandshaveittocreateadesiredshape.Sometimes,theyuseamoldmadeofmetalorsand,pourliquidplasticormetalintoitandletitcooltocreateasolidpart.
Now,acompletelydifferentmethodisgainingpopularity.
OnOct.9,LondonScienceMuseumkickedoffitsnewexhibition,3D:
PrintingtheFuture,withover6003Dprintedobjectsondisplay,includingspaceprobes(航天探测器),toydollsandevenhumanorgans—basicallyanyproductyoucanthinkof,repo
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- 新课标高考英语复习题课时17 阅读理解体裁解读4 科普小品文 含答案 新课 标高 英语 复习题 课时 17 阅读 理解 体裁 解读 科普 小品文 答案