生成树配置.docx
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生成树配置.docx
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生成树配置
1
实验生成树配置
【实验名称】
生成树配置
【实验目的】
掌握IEEE802.1d(STP)和IEEE802.1w(RSTP)的原理及区别,并掌握相应的配置。
【背景描述】
假设某学校为了开展计算机教学和网络办公,建立了一个计算机教室、一个教学区、一个校办
公区,这三处的计算机网络通过三台交换机互连组成内部校园网,现要在交换机上做适当配置,使
网络避免环路。
【实现功能】
使网络在有冗余链路的情况下避免环路的产生,避免广播风暴等
【实验拓扑】
PC2
SwitchB
SwitchASwitchC
PC1PC3
【实验设备】
本实验以三台S2126G交换机为例,三台交换机分别命名为SwitchA、SwitchB、SwitchC。
SwitchA
的第1和第2个端口分别与SwitchB和SwitchC相连接,SwitchB的第2个端口与SwitchC的第2个
端口连接,各交换机下面接一台PC机,PC1与PC2、PC3在同一个网段,假设IP地址分别为
192.168.0.137,192.168.0.138,192.168.0.136,网络掩码为255.255.255.0。
【实验步骤】
2
1.生成树协议-802.1D配置
第一步:
在每台交换机上开启生成树协议.例如对SwitchA做如下配置:
SwitchA#configureterminal!
进入全局配置模式
SwitchA(config)#spanning-tree!
开启生成树协议
SwitchA(config)#end
验证测试:
验证生成树协议已经开启
SwitchA#showspanning-tree!
显示交换机生成树的状态
StpVersion:
MSTP
SysStpStatus:
Enabled
BaseNumPorts:
24
MaxAge:
20
HelloTime:
2
ForwardDelay:
15
BridgeMaxAge:
20
BridgeHelloTime:
2
BridgeForwardDelay:
15
MaxHops:
20
TxHoldCount:
3
PathCostMethod:
Long
BPDUGuard:
Disabled
BPDUFilter:
Disabled
######MST0vlansmapped:
All
BridgeAddr:
00d0.f8ef.9e89
Priority:
32768
TimeSinceTopologyChange:
0d:
0h:
0m:
8s
TopologyChanges:
0
DesignatedRoot:
800000D0F8EF9D09
RootCost:
200000
RootPort:
Fa0/1
CistRegionRoot:
800000D0F8EF9E89
CistPathCost:
0
SwitchA#showspanning-treeinterfacefastthernet0/1!
显示交换机接口fastthernet0/1的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
3
######MST0vlansmapped:
All
PortState:
forwarding!
显示接口fastthernet0/1处于转发(forwarding)状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
800000D0F8EF9D09
PortDesignatedCost:
0
PortDesignatedBridge:
800000D0F8EF9D09
PortDesignatedPort:
8001
PortForwardTransitions:
1
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
rootPort
第二步:
设置生成树模式
SwitchA(config)#spanning-treemodestp!
设置生成树模式为802.1D
验证测试:
验证生成树协模式为802.1D
SwitchA#showspanning-tree
StpVersion:
STP
SysStpStatus:
Enabled
BaseNumPorts:
24
MaxAge:
20
HelloTime:
2
ForwardDelay:
15
BridgeMaxAge:
20
BridgeHelloTime:
2
BridgeForwardDelay:
15
MaxHops:
20
TxHoldCount:
3
PathCostMethod:
Long
BPDUGuard:
Disabled
BPDUFilter:
Disabled
BridgeAddr:
00d0.f8ef.9e89
Priority:
32768
TimeSinceTopologyChange:
0d:
0h:
7m:
0s
TopologyChanges:
0
DesignatedRoot:
800000D0F8EF9D09
RootCost:
200000
RootPort:
Fa0/1
第三步:
设置交换机的优先级
4
SwitchA(config)#spanning-treepriority4096!
设置交换机SwithA的优先级为4096,数值最小的
交换机为根交换机(也称根桥),交换机SwitchB与SwitchC的优先级采用默认优先级(32768),因
此SwitchA将成为根交换机。
验证测试:
验证交换机SwithA的优先级
SwitchA#showspanning-tree
StpVersion:
STP
SysStpStatus:
Enabled
BaseNumPorts:
24
MaxAge:
20
HelloTime:
2
ForwardDelay:
15
BridgeMaxAge:
20
BridgeHelloTime:
2
BridgeForwardDelay:
15
MaxHops:
20
TxHoldCount:
3
PathCostMethod:
Long
BPDUGuard:
Disabled
BPDUFilter:
Disabled
BridgeAddr:
00d0.f8ef.9e89
Priority:
4096
TimeSinceTopologyChange:
0d:
0h:
0m:
0s
TopologyChanges:
26
DesignatedRoot:
100000D0F8EF9E89
RootCost:
0
RootPort:
0
【注意事项】
锐捷交换机缺省是关闭spanning-tree,因此,如果网络在物理上存在环路,则必须手工开启
spanning-tree。
【参考配置】
SwitchA#showrun!
交换机SwithA的全部配置
Buildingconfiguration...
Currentconfiguration:
122bytes
!
version1.0
!
hostnameSwitchA
spanning-treemodestp
5
spanning-tree
spanning-treemst0priority4096
end
SwitchB#showrun!
交换机SwithB的全部配置
Buildingconfiguration...
Currentconfiguration:
85bytes
!
version1.0
!
hostnameSwitchB
spanning-treemodestp
spanning-tree
end
SwitchC#showrun!
交换机SwithC的全部配置
Buildingconfiguration...
Currentconfiguration:
85bytes
!
version1.0
!
hostnameSwitchC
spanning-treemodestp
spanning-tree
end
2.生成树协议-802.1W配置
第一步:
在每台交换机上开启生成树协议.例如对SwitchA做如下配置:
SwitchA#configureterminal!
进入全局配置模式
SwitchA(config)#spanning-tree!
开启生成树协议
SwitchA(config)#end
验证测试:
验证生成树协议已经开启
SwitchA#showspanning-tree!
显示交换机生成树的状态
StpVersion:
STP
SysStpStatus:
Enabled
BaseNumPorts:
24
MaxAge:
20
6
HelloTime:
2
ForwardDelay:
15
BridgeMaxAge:
20
BridgeHelloTime:
2
BridgeForwardDelay:
15
MaxHops:
20
TxHoldCount:
3
PathCostMethod:
Long
BPDUGuard:
Disabled
BPDUFilter:
Disabled
BridgeAddr:
00d0.f8ef.9e89
Priority:
4096
TimeSinceTopologyChange:
0d:
0h:
8m:
55s
TopologyChanges:
0
DesignatedRoot:
100000D0F8EF9E89
RootCost:
0
RootPort:
0
SwitchA#showspanning-treeinterfacefastthernet0/1!
显示交换机接口fastthernet0/1的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
forwarding!
接口fastthernet0/1处于转发(forwarding)状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
100000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
0
PortDesignatedBridge:
100000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedPort:
8001
PortForwardTransitions:
3
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
designatedPort
SwitchA#showspanning-treeinterfacefastthernet0/2!
显示交换机接口fastthernet0/2的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
7
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
forwarding!
接口fastthernet0/2处于转发(forwarding)状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
100000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
0
PortDesignatedBridge:
100000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedPort:
8002
PortForwardTransitions:
3
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
designatedPort
第二步:
设置生成树模式
SwitchA(config)#spanning-treerstp!
设置生成树模式为802.1W
验证测试:
验证生成树协模式为802.1W
SwitchA#showspanning-tree
StpVersion:
RSTP
SysStpStatus:
Enabled
BaseNumPorts:
24
MaxAge:
20
HelloTime:
2
ForwardDelay:
15
BridgeMaxAge:
20
BridgeHelloTime:
2
BridgeForwardDelay:
15
MaxHops:
20
TxHoldCount:
3
PathCostMethod:
Long
BPDUGuard:
Disabled
BPDUFilter:
Disabled
BridgeAddr:
00d0.f8ef.9e89
Priority:
4096
TimeSinceTopologyChange:
0d:
0h:
11m:
39s
TopologyChanges:
0
DesignatedRoot:
100000D0F8EF9E89
RootCost:
0
RootPort:
0
第三步:
设置交换机的优先级
SwitchA(config)#spanning-treepriority8192!
设置交换机SwithA的优先级为8192
8
验证测试:
验证交换机SwithA的优先级
SwitchA#showspanning-tree
StpVersion:
RSTP
SysStpStatus:
Enabled
BaseNumPorts:
24
MaxAge:
20
HelloTime:
2
ForwardDelay:
15
BridgeMaxAge:
20
BridgeHelloTime:
2
BridgeForwardDelay:
15
MaxHops:
20
TxHoldCount:
3
PathCostMethod:
Long
BPDUGuard:
Disabled
BPDUFilter:
Disabled
BridgeAddr:
00d0.f8ef.9e89
Priority:
8192
TimeSinceTopologyChange:
0d:
0h:
13m:
43s
TopologyChanges:
0
DesignatedRoot:
200000D0F8EF9E89
RootCost:
0
RootPort:
0
第四步:
综合验证测试
1:
验证交换机SwithB的端口1和2的状态
SwitchB#showspanning-treeinterfacefastEthernet0/1!
显示SwithB的端口fastthernet0/1的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
forwarding!
SwithB的端口fastthernet0/1处于转发(forwarding)状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
0
PortDesignatedBridge:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedPort:
8001
PortForwardTransitions:
3
9
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
rootPort
SwitchB#showspanning-treeinterfacefastEthernet0/2!
显示SwithB的端口fastthernet0/2的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
forwarding!
SwithB的端口fastthernet0/2处于转发(forwarding)状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
200000
PortDesignatedBridge:
800000D0F8EF9D09
PortDesignatedPort:
8002
PortForwardTransitions:
3
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
designatedPort
2:
验证交换机SwithC的端口1和2的状态
SwitchC#showspanning-treeinterfacefastEthernet0/1!
显示SwithC的端口fastthernet0/1的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
forwarding!
SwithC的端口fastthernet0/1处于转发(forwarding)状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
0
PortDesignatedBridge:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedPort:
8002
PortForwardTransitions:
5
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
rootPort
10
SwitchC#showspanning-treeinterfacefastEthernet0/2!
显示SwithC的端口fastthernet0/2的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
discarding!
SwithC的端口fastthernet0/2处于阻塞(discarding)状态,此时SwithB
与SwithC之间的链路处于阻塞状态
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
200000
PortDesignatedBridge:
800000D0F8EF9D09
PortDesignatedPort:
8002
PortForwardTransitions:
7
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
alternatePort
3:
如果SwitchA与SwitchB之间的链路down掉,验证交换机SwithC的端口2的状态
SwitchC#showspanning-treeinterfacefastEthernet0/2!
显示SwithC的端口fastthernet0/2的状态
PortAdminPortfast:
Disabled
PortOperPortfast:
Disabled
PortAdminLinkType:
auto
PortOperLinkType:
point-to-point
PortBPDUGuard:
Disabled
PortBPDUFilter:
Disabled
PortState:
forwarding!
SwithC的端口fastthernet0/2从阻塞(discarding)状态转换到转发
(forwarding)状态,这说明生成树协议此时启用了原先处于阻塞状态的冗余链路。
PortPriority:
128
PortDesignatedRoot:
200000D0F8EF9E89
PortDesignatedCost:
200000
PortDesignatedBridge:
800000D0F8FE1E49
PortDesignatedPort:
8002
PortForwardTransitions:
8
PortAdminPathCost:
0
PortOperPathCost:
200000
PortRole:
designatedPort
4:
如果SwitchA与SwitchC之间的一条链路down掉(如拔掉网线),验证交换机PC1与PC3仍能
11
互相ping通
以下为从PC1pingPC3的结果(注:
PC1的IP地址为192.168.0.137,PC3的IP地
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