新课标英语知识大全语法意念话题.docx
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新课标英语知识大全语法意念话题.docx
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新课标英语知识大全语法意念话题
二、语法项目表
注:
标★号的项目是八级要求,其余为五级要求。
二级语法项目暂不具体规定。
1、名词
(1)可数名词及其单复数
(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格
2、代词
(1)人称代词
(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词
3、数词
(1)基数词
(2)序数词
4、介词和介词短语
5、连词
6、形容词(比较级和最高级)
7、副词(比较级和最高级)
8、冠词
9、动词
(1)动词的基本形式
(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词
10、时态
(1)现在进行时
(2)一般现在时(3)一般过去时(4)一般将来时(5)过去进行时(6)现在完成时
(7)过去完成时★(8)过去将来时★
11、被动语态
12、非谓语动词
(1)动词不定式
(2)动词的-ing形式★(3)动词的-ed形式★
13、构词法
(1)合成法
(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写
14、句子种类
(1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)
(2)疑问句:
一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句
(3)祈使句
(4)感叹句
15、句子成分
(1)主语
(2)谓语(主谓一致)(3)表语(4)宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)(5)补语★(6)定语(7)状语
16、简单句的基本句型
(1)主语+系动词+表语
(2)主语+不及物动词
(3)主语+及物动词+宾语
(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
(6)therebe句型
17、并列复合句
18、主从复合句
(1)宾语从句
(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句★(5)同位语从句★(6)表语从句★
19、直接引语与间接引语
20、省略★
21、倒装★
22、强调★
23、虚拟语气★
三、功能意念项目表
注:
标*号的项目为八级要求。
其余的为五级要求。
二级的功能项目参见"内容标准"中的"语言知识"部分。
1.社会交往(SocialCommunications)
(1)问候(Greetings)
A:
Hi!
Hello!
Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
Howareyou?
Howareyoudoing?
Pleasesayhellotoyourparents.
Pleasegivemylove/bestwishestoLucy.
B:
Hi!
Hello!
Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
I'mOK.
Fine,thanks,andyou?
Verywell,thankyou.
*Justsoso.
Sure.
Allright.
(2)介绍(Introduction)
A:
MynameisJim.
I'mastudent.
I'mfromEngland.
ThisisMr./Mrs./Miss/MsBrown.
I'dlikeyoutomeetBob.
*MayIintroduceProfessorJeffBrown?
B:
Hello!
Howdoyoudo?
Nice/Glad/Pleasedtomeet(see)you.
(3)告别(Farewells)
A:
Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye.
Goodnight.
Seeyoulater/then/tomorrow/soon.
IamsorryIhavetogonow.
*IamafraidImustbeleavingnow.
B:
Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye.
Seeyou.
Goodnight.
Seeyoulater/then/tomorrow/soon.
(4)感谢(Thanks)
A:
Thankyou(verymuch).
Thanksalot.
Thankyouforyourhelp.
It'sverykind/niceofyou.
*Iappreciateyourhelp.
B:
It'sapleasure.
*Mypleasure.
That'sOK/allright.
You'rewelcome.
*Don'tmentionit.
(5)道歉(Apologies)
A:
Sorry.I'msorry.
Excuseme,please.
Ibegyourpardon.
I'msorryforlosingyourbook.
I'msorrytointerruptyou.
I'msorry(that)I'mlate.
B:
That'sOK.
It'sallright.
Nevermind.
Itdoesn'tmatter.
It'snothing.
*Forgetit.
(6)邀请(Invitation)
A:
Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?
Youmustcometodinnerwithus.
MayIinviteyoutodinner?
What/Howabouthavingaswim?
B:
OK.
①Thankyou.
I'dlikethat,thanks.
Yes,I'dloveto.
Thatwouldbeverynice.
②No,thankyou.
It'sveryniceofyou,butmymotherisill.
I'dloveto,butI'mafraidIhavenotime.
I'msorryIcan't.Whataboutanothertime?
(7)请求允许(Askingforpermission)
A:
MayIcomein?
Can/CouldIuseyourtelephone?
*IsitallrightifIsithere?
*IwonderifIcouldsmokehere.
Would/DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?
B:
①Yes,please.Sure.Certainly.
*Pleasedo.That'sallright.Ofcourse,youcan.
*Goahead,please.
②I'msorry,it'snotallowed.
I'mafraidnot.You'dbetternot.
*It'snotallowed.
*I'msorry,butyoucansmokeinthenextroom.
(8)祝贺与祝愿(Expressingwishesandcongratulations)
A:
Haveagoodday/time!
Haveagoodjourney/trip!
Goodluck!
Enjoyyourself!
Bestwishestoyou.
HappyNewYear!
MerryChristmas!
Happybirthday!
*Wishyouallthesuccess!
Congratulations!
Welldone!
B:
Thankyou.
You,too.
Thesametoyou.
(9)提供帮助(Offeringhelp)
A:
Doyouwantmetocleantheroom?
CanIhelpyou?
Wouldyoulikemetohelpyou?
WhatcanIdoforyou?
Letmetakeyourbags.
B:
①Yes,please.No,thanks.
Thankyou.
Thatwouldbenice/fine.
Thankyouforyour(the)help.
②No,thanks/thankyou.
Thankyouallthesame.
That'sverykindofyou,butIcanmanageitmyself.
(10)约会(Makingappointments)
A:
Willyoubefreetomorrow?
Doyouhavetimethisafternoon?
Howabouttomorrowmorning?
When/Whereshallwemeet?
Couldwemeetat4:
30?
Let'smakeit4:
30.
*Whattimeisconvenientforyou?
*I'dliketomakeanappointmentwithMr.Jones.
B:
①Yes,I'llbefreethen.
Allright.Seeyouthen.
②I'mafraidIhavenotimethen.
Sorry,Iwon'tbefreethen.ButI'llbefreetomorrow.
(11)打电话(Makingtelephonecalls)
A:
Hello!
MayIspeaktoTom?
Hello!
I'dliketospeaktoMr.Green.
IsthatLiuYingspeaking?
Extensionsixtwotwosix,please.
CanIleaveamessage?
I'llcallbacklater/again.
I'llringhim/herupagain.
B:
Hello!
ThisisMaryspeaking.
Hello,whoisthis?
Holdtheline,please.
Justamoment,please.
Hello,who'sspeaking?
Sorry.He/Sheisn'thererightnow.
CanItakeamessage?
Sorry.Ican'thearyou.
Thelineisbad/busy.
Icouldn'tgetthrough.
Sorry,I'mafraidyouhavethewrongnumber.
(12)就餐(Havingmeals)
A:
Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?
Whatwouldyoulike(tohave)?
Wouldyoulikesomemorefish?
Helpyourselftosomefish.
*Whichdoyouprefer,riceornoodles?
*Whatwouldyouliketodrink,teaorcoffee?
B.
①Yes,I'dlikeadrink.
I'dlikericeandchicken.
Justalittle,please.
CanIhavesomemoresoup?
It'ssodelicious.Thankyou.
*Iprefernoodlestorice.Ilikegreentea.
②No,thankyou.I'vehadenough.
I'mfull,thankyou.
It'sverydelicious,butIcan'teatanymore.
(13)就医(Seeingthedoctor)
A:
What'sthematter?
Whatseemstobethetrouble?
Doyouhaveafever?
Howlonghaveyoufeltlikethis?
It'snothingserious.
Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.
You'llbeallright/wellsoon.
*Giveupsmokingandkeepontakingmoreexercises.
B:
Ihaveaheadache/cough/fever.
Ifeelterrible/bad/horrible/awful.
Idon'tfeelwell.
I'vegotapainhere.
Ithurtshere.
*Idon'tfeellikeeating.
Ican'tsleepwell.
(14)购物(Shopping)
A:
Can/MayIhelpyou?
WhatcanIdoforyou?
Howmany/muchwouldyoulike?
Whatcolour/size/kindwouldyoulike?
Whataboutthisone?
Here'syourchange.
B:
Iwant/I'dlikeapairofshoes.
Howmuchisit/arethey?
MayItryiton?
It'stoobig/small.
Sorry,it'stooexpensive.
Doyouhaveanyothercolours/sizes/kinds?
Twoandahalfkilos/pounds,please.
That'sfine.I'lltakeit.
Justhavealook.
Well,I'11thinkaboutit.
(15)问路(Askingtheway)
A:
Excuseme.Where'sthewashroom?
Canyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?
Excuseme.WhichbusgoestoWorldPark?
Excuseme.WhichisthewaytotheBankofChina?
Excuseme.Couldyoutellmethewayt6thestation,please?
HowcanIgettoNo.4MiddleSchool?
B:
①It'soverthere.
It'sabout400metresfromhere.
Godownthisstreetuntilyouseethetallredbuilding.
Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing/comer.
Youcan'tmissit.
YoucantakebusNo.103.
You'dbettertakeataxi.
②Sorry.Idon'tknow.I'mastrangerhere.
(16)谈论天气(Talkingaboutweather)
A:
What'stheweatherliketoday?
How'stheweatherinBeijing?
Whatacold/hotdaytoday!
It'sanice/fine/beautiful/horribledaytoday.
B:
It'ssunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggy.
It'sgettingcool/cold/warm/hot.
(17)语言交际困难(Languagedifficultiesincommunication)
Pardon?
Ibegyourpardon?
Idon'tunderstand.Sorry,Ican'tfollowyou.
*Couldyousaythatagain,please?
*Couldyourepeatthat,please?
Canyouspeakmoreslowly,please?
*Whatdoyoumeanbykillingtime?
Howdoyousay...inEnglish?
Idon'tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.
Idon'tknowthewordinEnglish.
Howdoyouspellit,please?
I'msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.
(18)提醒注意(Remindingandwarning)
Don'tforgetyourraincoat.Remembertolockthedoor.
*Makesurethatallthewindowsareclosed.
Mindyourhead/step!
Nosmoking!
Nospitting!
Wetfloor!
Lookout!
Becareful!
Don'ttouch!
It'sdangerous!
(19)劝告(Advice)
You'dbettergotoseethedoctor.
YoushouldlistentoandreadEnglisheveryday.
YouneedtobuyaChinese-Englishdictionary.
*IfIwereyou,I'dphonehimnow.
Don'trush/hurry/push.Pleasestandinline.
(20)建议(Suggestions)
Let'sgoandhavealook.
*Shouldwegonow?
What/HowaboutapicnicthisSunday?
Whydon'tyoubuyacomputer?
Whynotgotoamovie?
2.态度(Attitudes)
(21)同意和不同意(Agreementanddisagreement)
Sure.Certainly.
*Exactly.
*That'scorrect.
Ofcourse.Allright.
Iagree.
Noproblem.
That'sagoodidea.
Yes,Ithinkso.
Noway.
Ofcoursenot.
Idon'tagree.
Idon'tthinkso.
I'mafraidnot.
(22)喜欢和不喜欢(Likesanddislikes)
Thisbookisveryinteresting.
Ilike/lovethemovie(verymuch).
Ilike/lovetoplaycomputergames.
Iliketakingphotos.
Ienjoylisteningtomusic.
I'minterestedinscience.
Heisfondofmusic.
Thissongisbad/awful.
Idon'tlikethemovieverymuch/atall.
Idon'tenjoycollectingstamps.
Ihatetodohomework.
(23)肯定和不肯定(Certaintyanduncertainty)
I'msure.
I'msureofthat.
I'm(quite)sure(that)she'lljoinus.
Thereisnodoubtthatit'smadeofsilk.
It'sclearthatitwillrainsoon.
I'mnotsosure.
I'mnotsureofthat.
I'mnotsurewhether/ifshecancome.
Maybeyou'reright.
Perhapssheisathomenow.
It'shardtosay.
(24)可能和不可能(Possibilityandimpossibility)
A:
Hecan/maycometoday.
Itmaysnowtonight.It'spossibletofinishthehomeworkbefore6o'clock.
*It'slikelytorainthisafternoon.
*It'slikelythatyouwilllosethisgame.
B:
Hemaynotcomesoearly.
Hecan'tbeintheofficenow.
It'snotlikelytosnowsoon.
It'simpossibletofinishmyhomeworkwithinonehour.
(25)能够和不能够(Abilityandinability)
Hecanrideabike.He'sabletopassthemathexam.
Heisgoodatfootball.
Hecan'tswim.
*He'sun
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