研究生多维教程通达答案1到3.docx
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研究生多维教程通达答案1到3.docx
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研究生多维教程通达答案1到3
Unit1WhatWillBe
BackgroundInformation
LanguagePoints
KeytoExercises
1.We’venowacknowledgedsomefundamentalancient
humanforcesandthewaystheywillaffectandbe
affectedbytheInformationMarketplace.And
throughoutthecourseofthisbookwe’veansweredthe
questionsweraisedattheverybeginning.Soitis
timetofinallyconsiderthegreatesttransformation
thattheInformationMarketplacehatooffer.Toget
toit,let’sreconstructthegrowingcrescendoofkey
discoverieswehavemade,whichtogetherdescribe
“whatwillbe.”
2.Webeganwithasimplebutfar-reachingmodelofthe
futureworldofinformationasanInformation
Marketplace,wherepeopleandtheircomputerswill
buy,sell,andfreelyexchangeinformation.Ourfirst
discoverywasthatthisInformationMarketplacecan
indeedbebuiltonatechnologicalfoundation:
the
informationinfrastructure.Wewentontoexplorethe
manyhuman-machineinterfacespeoplewillusetoget
inandoutofthisnewedifice,fromvirtualreality
andfancybodysuitstothelowlykeyboard,andsingled
outspeechinterfacesasperhapsthemostsignificant
andimminent.Weexploredthepipesthatwillcarry
ourinformationandthewayswewillbendthemtogive
usthespeed,reliability,andsecurityweneed.We
alsosawhowavastarrayofnewsharedsoftwaretools
willevolveonthisinfrastructure,shiftingthe
attentionoftheentiresoftwarebusinessfrom
individualtointerconnectedcomputers.Thearrivalof
thisfoundationiscertain,butitcouldbedelayedby
adecadeormoreifthekeyplayerscontinuetheir
warsforcontrolandtheirindifferencetowardthe
sharedinfrastructuretheyallneed.Wesawtoothat
therewon’tbejustahandfulofwinnersthatwill
survivethesewars;theterrainisvast,rich,and
fullofchallengesforalmosteverysupplierand
consumerofinformationtobeawinner.
3.OursecondmajordiscoverywasthattheInformation
Marketplacewilldramaticallyaffectpeopleand
organizationsonawidescale.Besidesitsmanyuses
incommerce,officework,andmanufacturingitwill
alsoimprovehealthcare,providenewwaystoshop,
enableprofessionalandsocialencountersacrossthe
globeandgenerallypermeatethethousandsofthinswe
dointhecourseofourdailylives.Itwillhelpus
pursueoldandnewpleasures,anditwillencourage
newartforms,whichmaybecriticizedbutwillmove
artforward,asnewtoolshavealwaysdone.Itwill
alsoimproveeducationandtrainingfirstinspecific
andestablishedwaysandlaterthroughbreakthroughs
thatareconfidentlyawaited.Humanorganizationsfrom
tinycompaniestoentirenationalgovernmentswill
benefittoo,becausesomuchoftheworktheydois
informationwork.
4.Puttingallthesedetailedusesinperspective,we
cametorealizethattheyaredifferentfacesoftwo
majornewforces:
electronicbulldozersandelectronic
proximity.Eachhasbroadconsequencesforsociety.
Theelectronicbulldozers’effectisprimarily
economic,increasinghumanproductivityinbothour
personallivesandtheworkplace.Therapid,
widespreaddistributionofinformationintheformof
info-nouns(text,photos,sounds,video)and
especiallyinfo-verbs(humanandmachineworkon
information)isonesimplewayinwhichproductivity
willincrease.Automatizationistheotherpowerful
effector;machine-to-machineexchangeswilloff-loaded
humanbrainworkthewaymachinesoftheIndustrial
Revolutionoff-loadedmusclework.Weconcluded,
however,thattoenjoytheproductivitybenefitswe
willhavetoavoidandcorrectcertaintechnological
andhumanpitfalls.
5.Tobetterunderstandtheeconomicimpactofthe
InformationMarketplace,weexploredthevalueof
informationanditsconsequences.Thisledustoafew
troublesomediscoveries:
thehugeamountofinfo-junk
we’llhavetoworkhardtoavoidandthegapbetween
richandpoornations(andpeople)thatwillincrease
ifwedonothingtostopit.Othereconomic
consequenceswerelessclear,liketheunemployment
rateoverthelongrun,whichwecan’tforecasteven
thoughwecanforeseemanynewtypesofjobs.
6.Anotherimportantdiscoveryfromtheseexplorations
wasthepoweroftheInformationMarketplaceto
customizeinformationandinformationworkto
differenthumanandorganizationalneeds.Toleverage
thispower,we’llneedtomakeourmachines
considerablyeasiertousethattheyaretoday.With
increasedproductivityandcustomization,wecanlook
forwardtoalargerarrayofbetter,cheaper.More
customizedproductsandservicesthatwillreachus
evenfasterthanbefore.Moreimportant,bymaking
machineseasiertouseandgivingourselvesthe
abilitytofashionsoftwarepainlesslyandrapidly,we
canfulfillthepromiseoftheInformationAgeto
tailorthenewtechnologiestoourindividualhuman
andorganizationalpurposes,ratherthantheotherway
around.
7.Thesecondofthetwomajorforces---electronic
proximity---willincreasebyathousandtimesthe
numberofpeoplewecaneasilyreachandwillbring
peopletogetheracrossspaceandtime.Manysocial
consequences,goodandbad,willariseasthisnew
proximitydistributespowersofcontrolfromcentral
authoritiestothemanyhandsoftheworld’speople.
Groupworkandteleworkwillfurtherhelpimprovehuman
productivity.Democracywillspread,aswillpeople’s
knowledgeofoneanother’sbeliefs,wishes,and
problems.Thevoicelessmillionsoftheworldwill
cometobeheardandbebetterunderstood,provided
thatthewealthynationshelpthelesswealthyones
entertheInformationClub.Ethnicgroupsmaybecome
morecohesive,aspeoplebelongingtoacertaintribe
usetheInformationMarketplacetobindthemselves
togetherregardlessofwheretheymaybe.Atthesame
time.TheInformationMarketplacewillhelpshared
culturesgrowinnationsthatthriveondiversity.
Andthoughweneednotchangeourlegalframeworkin
anymajorwaytoaccommodatetheInformation
Marketplace,differentnationswillneedtocooperate
onsharedconventionsforsecurity,billing,andother
transnationalissuesthatwillsurelyariseasshared
informationcrossesinternationalbarriers.Onanother
level,electronicproximitywillfosterashared
universalculture,athinveneerontopofallthe
world’sindividualnationalcultures.Wehopethat
thisecumenicalpropertyoftheInformation
Marketplacetoenhancetheco-existenceof
nationalisticidentityandinternationalcommunity
willhelpusunderstandoneanotherandstaypeaceful.
8.Ourexplorationthenbroughtussquarelybefore
humanemotionsandhumanrelationships.Wediscovered
thattheywillpassonlypartiallythrougheh
InformationMarketplace.Physicalproximitywillstill
benecessarytoconsummatetheseemotionsandrecharge
thebatteriesthatwillsustainhumanrelationships
betweenvirtualencounters.Finally,wediscovered
thattheprimitiveforcesofthecavethatlieatthe
rootsofouremotionsandpassionsdonotpassthrough
theInformationMarketplace;deepdown,ourpsyches
knowthat1sand0scannotlove,nurture,hurt,or
killusatadistance.Becausemanyofourmostvalued
actionsanddecisionsinvolvetheseforcesliketrust,
love,andfear---theinformationworldwillnotbea
substituteforthephysicalworld.
9.Givenallthesepossibilitiesforchange,we
consideredwhatmighthappenwhentheybumpupagainst
theancienthumanbeingsthatweareandhavebeenfor
thousandsofyears.Predictably,wediscoveredthatwe
willhavedifficultycopingwiththeincreasedsocial
andtechnologicalcomplexityandoverloadbrought
forthbytheInformationMarketplace.Thoughwewill
bepotentiallyclosetohundredsofmillionsof
people,wewillbeabletodealwithonlyaveryfew
ofthematanygiventime.Yetwesawthatwemightbe
abletoreducesomeofthesecomplexityproblemsby
makingtheartifactsoftheInformationAgeeasierto
use---aprimarygoalforthetechnologistsofthe
twenty-firstcentury.
10.TheInformationMarketplacewillmakeofusurban
villagers---halfurbansophisticate,roamingthe
virtualglobe,andhalfvillager,spendingmoretime
athomeandtendingtofamily,friends,andthe
routinesoftheneighborhood.Ifourpsychestilt
towardthecrowdedurbaninfo-city,wewillbecome
morejaded,moreorientedtowardtheself,andmore
indifferent,fickle,andcasualinourrelationships
withothers,aswellaslesstightlyconnectedtoour
familiesandfriends.Ifwetilttowardthevillage,
wemaybesurprisedbyaresurgenceofmoreclosely
knitfamiliesrootedinourtighterhumanbonds.
Indeed,ifweuseitcorrectly,theInformation
Marketplacecanbeapowerfulmagniyinglensthatcan
amplifygoodness---employingdisabledandhome-bound
workers,matchinghelpneededwithhelpofferedvia
theVirtualCompassionCorps,andhelpingpeoplelearn
andstayhealthy,amongmanyotherpossibilities.
11.Reflectingonourexploration,wealsodiscovered
thatpeoplewillexploitthenewness,vagueness,and
breadthoftheInformationMarketplacetosupport
theirwishesandpredilections,whatevertheymaybe.
Someproclaimthattheworldofinformationcanstand
outonlybyofferingeducationallyandculturallyrich
opportunitiesthatwillbenefithumanity.Otherswill
usetheInformationMarketplaceasanewbattleground
forthefamiliardisputes---capitalismversus
socialism,greedversuscompassion.Materialismversus
spiritualism,practicalityversusabstraction---all
suitablydescribedas‘new’issue
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