考研英语一答案.docx
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考研英语一答案.docx
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考研英语一答案
2010年考研英语一答案
【篇一:
2010年考研英语一真题及参考答案(海天)】
sectioniuseofenglish
directions:
readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank.andmark[a],[b],
[c]or[d]onanswersheet1.(10points)
in1924americannationalresearchcouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledthehawthorneplantnearchicago.ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting__1__workersproductivity.instead,thestudiesended__2__givingtheirnametothe“hawthorneeffect”theextremelyinfluentialideathevery__3__tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior
theideaarosebecauseofthe__4__behaviorofthewomenintheplant.accordingto__5__oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.itdidnot__6__whatwasdoneintheexperiment.__7__somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.a(n)__8__thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe__9__toalterworkersbehavior__10__itself
afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere__11__toeconometrictheanalysishawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic__13__wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting
itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto__14__interpretationofwhathappened.__15__,lightingwasalwayschangedonasundaywhenworkstartedagainonmonday,output__16__rosecomparedwiththeprevioussaturdayand__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays__18__,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponmonday,workers__19__tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before__20__aplateauandthenslackeningoff.thissuggeststhatthealleged“hawthorneeffect”ishardtopindown
1.[a]affected[b]achieved[c]extracted[d]restored
2.[a]at[b]up[c]with[d]off
3.[a]truth[b]sight[c]act[d]proof
4.[a]controversial[b]perplexing[c]mischievous[d]ambiguous
5.[a]requirements[b]explanations[c]accounts[d]assessments
6.[a]conclude[b]matter[c]indicate[d]work
7.[a]asfaras[b]forfearthat[c]incasethat[d]solongas8.[a]awareness[b]expectation[c]sentiment[d]illusion9.[a]suitable[b]excessive[c]enough[d]abundant10.[a]about[b]for[c]on[d]by11.[a]compared[b]shown[c]subjected[d]conveyed12.[a]contraryto[b]consistentwith[c]parallelwith[d]peculiarto13.[a]evidence[b]guidance[c]implication[d]source14.[a]disputable[b]enlightening[c]reliable[d]misleading15.[a]incontrast[b]forexample[c]inconsequence[d]asusual16.[a]duly[b]accidentally[c]unpredictably[d]suddenly17.[a]failed[b]ceased[c]started[d]continued20.[a]breaking[b]climbing[c]surpassing[d]hitting
sectionⅡreadingcomprehension
parta
directions:
readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[a],[b],
[c]or[d].markyouranswersonanswersheet1.(40points)
text2
overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.amazoncomreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystemmerrilllynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforlyingabox。
nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheu.scourtofappealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.inrebilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”,saysdermisd,crouchofthe
universityofmissourischooloflaw.it“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents”curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstatestreetbankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepintstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch.in2005,ibmnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.similarly,somewallstreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice。
thebilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.thefederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetbankruling。
thefederalcircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme.countthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.lastapril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.thejudgesonthefederalcircuitare“reactiontotheanti-patenttrendatthesupremecourt”saysharolecwegner,apartendattorneyandprofessoratwashingtonuniversitylawschool。
26.business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof
[a]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[b]theirconnectionwithassetallocation
[c]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[d]thecontroversyoverauthorization
27.whichofthefollowingistrueofthebilskicase?
[a]itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions[b]itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction
[c]ithasbeendismissedbythefederalcircuit[d]itmaychangethelegalpracticesintheu.s。
28.theword“about-face”(line1,paro3)mostprobablymeans
[a]lossofgoodwill[b]increaseofhostility
[c]changeofattitude[d]enhancementofdisunity
29.welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents
[a]areimmunetolegalchallenges[b]areoftenunnecessarilyissued
[c]lowertheesteemforpatentholders[d]increasetheincidenceofrisks
30.whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?
[a]aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents
[b]protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders
[c]alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents
[d]aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatents
text3
inhisbookthetippingpointmalcolmaladuellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentialswhoareunusualinformed,persuasive,orweconnect.theideaisintuitivelycompellingbutitdoesntexplainhowideasactuallyspread。
thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthetow-stepflowofcommunication.informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecameitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofpeoplewaswearing,promotingordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecalldrivetrends。
intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredofall.theresearchersargumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeoprahwinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonalinfluence-eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydontinteractwiththatmanyothers.yetitispreciselythesenon-celebratinginfluentialswhoaccordingtothetwo-step-flowtheoryaresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.forasocialepidemicto
occurhowevereachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirsandsoonandjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplefromtheinitialinfluential,proveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchangewontpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople。
buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobe。
31.bycitingthebookthetippingpointtheauthorintendsto
[a]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics
[b]discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas
[c]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics
[d]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials
32.theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”[a]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems[b]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends[c]haswonsupportfrominfluentials[d]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity33.whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat[a]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions[b]
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