河南大学.docx
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河南大学.docx
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河南大学
河南大学
教案
2009~2010学年第一学期
课程名称
英语语言学
院(部)
外语学院
教研室
英语系第三教研室
授课班级
2006级英语专业
主讲教师
刘辰诞
职称
教授
使用教材
新编语言学教程
河南大学教务处制
二○○九年九月
教案(首页)
课程
名称
英语语言学
总计:
36学时
课程
类别
专业必修课
学分
2
讲课:
36学时
实验:
0学时
上机:
0学时
任课
教师
刘辰诞
职称
教授
授课对象
专业班级:
英语专业2006级
基要本参教考材资和料主
基本教材:
刘润清文旭,2006,《新编语言学教程》,北京:
外语教学与研究出版社
参考资料:
1.Fromkin,etal,2003,IntroductiontoLanguage,Mass.:
Thomson.
2.Hudson,1989,InvitationtoLinguistics,Oxford:
Blackwell.
4.Lyons,J.LanguageandLinguistics,Cambridge:
CUP.
5.Poole,2000,AnIntroductiontoLinguistics,Beijing:
ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.
6.胡壮麟,2001,《语言学教程》,北京:
北京大学出版社
7.张克定,1991,《英语语言学导论》,郑州:
河南人民出版社
8.杨信彰,2005,《语言学概论》,北京:
高等教育出版社
教和学要目求的
“语言学”课程的教学要求学生基本掌握语言学的基本知识,激发学生对语言学学习的兴趣,启发学生对语言问题的额思考,培养学生的创新意识,为学生分析、解决语言问题打下良好的基础,使其具备从事语言学研究及相关问题研究的初步能力。
及学难重点点
本课程重点为:
语言的基本特征、语音和音位学、形态学和句法学、语义学、语用学和语篇分析领域的有关概念和理论。
难点在于语言学内容比较抽象,增加了讲授和理解的难度,这就要求教师在内容选择、先后编排、课堂讲解等方面精心安排、仔细讲解、深入浅出,并尽可能地使比较抽象的内容生动有趣,便于学生接受、理解和掌握。
教师在讲授的时候一般采用图表、练习和实际应用分析的方式、偶尔也使用逻辑学上的真价值条件、日常生活的事例以及数学中拓扑图形的方式来进行讲解。
《英语语言学》课程教案
课次
1-3
授课方式
(请打√)
理论课(含实践)√讨论课□实验课□习题课□其他□
课时
安排
3
授课题目:
内容简介
教学目的、要求:
使学生初步了解有关语言学和语言的基本概念
教学重点及难点:
语言学的研究范围和语言的特性
教学基本内容
方法及手段
1Whatislinguistics?
2Thescopeoflinguistics
3Someimportantdistinctioninlinguistics.
4Designfeaturesoflanguage
举例讲解/
课堂讨论
作业、讨论题、思考题:
1.Whyislanguagedefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication?
2.Whatarethemaindesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
3.What'sthedifferencebetweenF.deSaussure’stermslangueandparole?
课后小结:
总结本次课程的重要概念
1Whatislinguistics?
1.1Definition
Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.
1.2Thescopeoflinguistics
Phonetics:
thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticscommunication.
Phonology:
thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunication.
Morphology:
thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwords.
Syntax:
thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordarecombinedtoformsentences.
Semantics:
thestudyofmeaninginlanguage.
Pragmatics:
thestudyofmeaningincontextofuse.
Sociolinguistics:
thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosociety.
Psycholinguistics:
thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmind.
Appliedlinguistics:
thestudyoflanguageapplicationindefinitefields.
Otherrelatedbranchesincludeanthropologicallinguistics,neurologicallinguistics,mathematicallinguistics,andcomputationallinguistics.
1.3Someimportantdistinctioninlinguistics.
1.3.1Prescriptivevs.Descriptive
Ifalinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor"correct"behavior,i.e.,totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobeprescriptive;ifalinguisticstudydescribeandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobedescriptive.
1.3.2Synchronicvs.Diachronic
Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisasynchronicstudy;adiachronicstudyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime,forexample,astudyofthechangesEnglishhasundergonesinceShakespeare'stimewouldbeadiachronicstudy.
1.3.3SpeechandWriting
Modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenformoflanguageasprimary,butnotthewrittenform,becausethespokenformispriortothewrittenformandmostwritingsystemsarederivedformthespokenformoflanguage.
1.3.4LangueandParole.
Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.
1.3.5Competenceandperformance.
CompetencewasproposedbytheAmericanlinguistN.Chomskyinthelate1950'sindistinctionwithperformance,itreferstotheidealuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,accordingtoChomsky,aspeakerhasinternalizedasetofrulesabouthislanguage,thisenableshimtoproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentencesandrecognizesentencesthatareungrammaticalandambiguousandperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.
2Whatislanguage?
2.1Definitionsoflanguage.
Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
2.2Designfeatures
Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.Bycomparinglanguagewithanimalcommunicationsystems,wecanhaveabetterunderstandingofthenatureoflanguage.ThedesignfeaturesproposedbytheAmericanlinguistCharlesHockettincludearbitrariness,productivity,duality,displacement,culturaltransmissionetc.
1)Arbitrariness
Thearbitrarypropertyoflanguagemeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds.Thearbitrarynatureoflanguageisasignofsophisticationanditmakesitpossibleforlanguagetohaveanunlimitedsourceofexpressions.
Thisdefinitionhascapturedthemainfeaturesoflanguage.Firstofall,languageisasystem,i.e.,elementsoflanguagearecombinedaccordingtorules.Iflanguagewerenotconstructedaccordingtocertainrules,itcouldnotbelearnedorusedconsistently.Second,languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenawordandthethingweusetowritewith.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisagoodillustrationofthearbitrarynatureoflanguage.Third,languageisvocalbecausetheprimarymediumissoundforalllanguages,nomatterhowwelldevelopedtheirwritingsystemsare.Allevidencepointstothefactthatwritingsystemscameintobeingmuchlaterthanthespokenformsandthattheyareonlyattemptstocapturesoundsandmeaningonpaper.Finally,theterm"human"inthedefinitionismeanttospecifythatlanguageishuman-specific,i.e.,itisverydifferentfromthecommunicationsystemsotherformsoflifepossess,suchasbirdsongsandbeedance.
2)Productivity
Languageisproductiveinthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.
3)Duality
Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.
4)Displacement
Itmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.
5)Culturaltransmission
3Severalquestions
1.Whyislanguagedefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication?
Shortasitis,thisdefinitionhascapturedthemainfeaturesoflanguage.Firstofall,languageisasystem,i.e.,elementsoflanguagearecombinedaccordingtorules.Iflanguagewerenotconstructedaccordingtocertainrules,itcouldnotbelearnedorusedconsistently.Second,languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenawordandthethingweusetowritewith.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisagoodillustrationofthearbitrarynatureoflanguage.Third,languageisvocalbecausetheprimarymediumissoundforalllanguages,nomatterhowwelldevelopedtheirwritingsystemsare.Allevidencepointstothefactthatwritingsystemscameintobeingmuchlaterthanthespokenformsandthattheyareonlyattemptstocapturesoundsandmeaningonpaper.Finally,theterm"human"inthedefinitionismeanttospecifythatlanguageishuman-specific,i.e.,itisverydifferentfromthecommunicationsystemsotherformsoflifepossess,suchasbirdsongsandbeedance.
2.Whatarethemaindesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
Therearemanydefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication,hereonlyfewtomention:
arbitrarinessmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds;thisnatureenableslanguagetohaveanunlimitedsourceofexpressions.Productivitymakesitsuserspossibletoconstructandinterpretanynewsignals,bymeansofwhichtheycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentences,includingsentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore.Dualitymeanslanguageconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels;atthelowerorthebasiclevelthereisastructureofsounds,whicharemeaningless,buttheycanbegroupedandregroupedintoalargenumberofunitsofmeaningsuchasmorphemesandwords,whicharefoundatthehigherlevelofthesystem.Displacementdesignatesthatlanguageusersmayrefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realerimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Atlast,culturaltransmissionimpliesthatlanguageisculturallytransmitted.
3.What'sthedifferencebetweenF.deSaussure’stermslangueandparole?
Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlangueusersallhavetoabideby,andparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules.Langueisabstract;itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.Paroleisconcrete;itreferstothenaturallyoccurringlanguageevents.Langueisrelativelystable;itdoesnotchangefrequently;whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.
《英语语言学》课程教案
课次
4-7
授课方式
(请打√)
理论课(含实践)√讨论课□实验课□习题课□其他□
课时
安排
4
授课题目:
语音和音位学
教学目的、要求:
使学生掌握有关语音和音位学的基本概念
教学重点及难点:
英语的发音方式和英语音标的分类
教学基本内容
方法及手段
1Whatisphonetics?
2ClassificationofEnglishspeechsounds
3Phone,phonemeand
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