农产品贸易壁垒外文文献翻译.docx
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农产品贸易壁垒外文文献翻译.docx
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农产品贸易壁垒外文文献翻译
文献信息
标题:
GreenBarriersandChina'sAgriculturalProductExport:
IsThereAnyRelationship?
作者:
Kuppusamy,Mudiarasan;Gharleghi,Behrooz
出版物名称:
AsianSocialScience
卷:
10
期:
16
页:
34-41
页数:
8
出版年份:
2014
出版日期:
Aug2014
年份:
2014
出版商:
CanadianCenterofScienceandEducation
出版物地点:
Toronto
出版物国家/地区:
Canada
出版物主题:
SocialSciences:
ComprehensiveWorks
原文
GreenBarriersandChina'sAgriculturalProductExport:
IsThereAnyRelationship?
Kuppusamy,Mudiarasan; Gharleghi,Behrooz
Abstract
Asanagriculturalcountry,theexportofChina'sagriculturalproductsareoftensufferedtherestrictionsfromthegreenbarriers.ThepositivegreenbarrierscanregulatetheagriculturalproductioninChina,andpromotetheagriculturaldevelopmentandinternationaltrade;ontheotherhand,thenegativegreenbarrierswouldincreasethecostoftrade,tradefriction,andpreventthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade.SotheresearchofinfluenceofgreenbarriersonChina'sagriculturalproductsisveryrealistic.AccordingtotheinfluenceofgreenbarriersonChina'sagriculturalexports,thecorrespondingcountermeasurescanbemadetodealwiththegreenbarriersandimprovementofChina'scompetitivenessintheinternationalcompetition.Thisstudyexaminesthecauses,influencesandmethodsofgreenbarriersonChina'sagriculturalproductsexportbasedonthequestionnairesof200staffsofagriculturaltradecompaniesinXi'anofShaanxiprovinceinChina.Toaddressthisissue,PartialLeastSquaremethodisappliedandtheempiricalresultshowsthatthereisapositiveandsignificanteffectfromcauses,influences,andmethodstowardstheChina'sagriculturalproductsexport.
Keywords:
greenbarriers,agriculturalproduct,export,China
1.Introduction
Thegreenbarrierisoneofthemostfrequentmeasuresindevelopedcountriesfromthe1990's(Feng,2007).Asanagriculturalcountry,theexportofChina'sagriculturalproductsareoftensufferedtherestrictionsfromthegreenbarriers.ThepositivegreenbarrierscanregulatetheagriculturalproductioninChina,andpromotetheagriculturaldevelopmentandinternationaltrade;ontheotherhand,thenegativegreenbarrierswouldincreasethecostoftrading,evencausetradefriction,andpreventthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade.
Greenbarriersarealsocalledenvironmentalbarriersandgreenprotectionism,whichisanewtradebarriersince1990s.Buyerswillimposegreenbarriersonsellers'exportwhenthebuyerswanttoprotecttheirownlimitedresources,human,animal,planthealthandecologicalenvironmentinthemoderninternationaltrade.Greenbarrierstakeplacewhenimportershavestrictenvironmentalprotectionlawsandregulationstomanagetheirownenvironmentandtechnologystandards.
ThegreenbarriersarebecomingnotonlytheseriouschallengesfacedbyChina'sagriculturalexportproductsbutalsothebiggestobstacleforChina'sagriculturalexports(Yu,2010).Todealwiththegreenbarriers,itisimportanttoidentifythecausesofgreenbarriersonChina'sagriculturalproductsexport,whicharefrombothimportandexportcountries.ThelimitedagriculturaltechnologyofChinaisonesignificantcause.DuetothelimitedagriculturaltechnologyofChina,theagriculturalexportproductscan'tmeetthehighenvironmentalstandardsmentionedin"greenbarriers"oftheimportcountries.Intheprocessofexport,thequarantinesystem,importstandardsandcomplexinspectionprocessthatareregulatedbytheimportcountriesarealsothemaincauses.ThecomplexprocessbuiltbyimportcountriesisthebiggestobstacleforChina'sagriculturalproductsexport.
AsagriculturaltradeplaysakeyroleinChina'sforeigntrade,howtobreakrestrictionsofgreenbarriersimpactedonagriculturalexportproductsandhowtoeffectivelyregulateChina'sagriculturalproductionwiththecorrectuseofthegreenbarriersarethebigproblemsforChina'sfuturedevelopment(Wang&Liu,2007).BychangingthenegativeinfluenceandmakinguseofthepositiveininfluencesofgreenbarriersinChina,thesustainabledevelopmentofChina'sagriculturaltradecanalsobepromotedinthefuture.
Inmostpreviousresearches,theauthorsfocusonthenegativeinfluencesofgreenbarriers.Butthegreenbarriersalsohavepositiveinfluencesontheagriculturalproductsexport.ThemostsignificantissueforfurtherexplorationinthestudyistoeffectivelytakeuseofthepositiveinfluencestoimproveChina'sagriculturalproductsexport.Thisstudywillmakeanempiricalanalysisofthepositiveinfluencesofgreenbarrierswithquestionnaires.Therefore,examiningtherelationshipbetweengreenbarriersandChina'sagriculturalproductsexportisthegeneralobjectiveofthisstudy.Morespecificallytheexaminationoftherelationshipbetweenthecauses,influences,andmethodsofgreenbarrierswithChina'sagriculturalproductexportistakenintoaccountinthispaper.
ThefocusofgeographiclocationisXi'anofShaanxiprovinceinChina.OneofthecoreindustriesinXi'anisagriculturalproductsexport,andrecentlytheagriculturalproductsexportinXi'anisdevelopingincreasingly.SoXi'anischosentobethegeographiclocationforthisresearch.Theunitofanalysisfocusofthestudyis200staffsofagriculturaltradecompaniesinXi'anofShaanxiprovinceinChina.Theagriculturaltradecompanieshavecomprehensiveviewsaboutthegreenbarriers.Theresearchmethodsinthispaperarequestionnairesurvey.SPSSandPLSwillbeusedtoanalyzethedatacollectingfromthesurvey.
Theorganizationofthispaperisasfollow:
section2reviewstheliterature,section3describesthemethodsused,section4presentstheempiricalresultsandsection5concludes.
2.LiteratureReview
Greenbarriersarealsocalledenvironmentbarriers,andgreenprotectionism.Becausetheimportersofproductswanttoprotecttheirownlimitedresources,human,animal,planthealthandecologicalenvironmentinthemoderninternationaltrade,throughtheformulationandimplementation,theyissuedstrictenvironmentalprotectionlawsandregulationstoachieveenvironmentprotectionandtechnologystandards.Thegreenbarrierspreventforeignproductsenterintothedomesticmarkets.Theiraimistoprotectdomesticproductsandoneofthenewtypenon-tariffbarriers(Feng,2007).
2.1CausesofGreenBarriers
AfterChinaenteredintoWTO,mostofthedevelopedcountriessetupgreenrestrictionstotheexportproductsofChina.ThisleadsthedramaticdroppingofChina'scommodities,especiallytheagriculturalproducts.ThedomesticandforeignexpertshavedonealotofresearchaboutthegreenbarriersinChina.
AsmentionedbyZhu,GuoandLan(2008),theenvironmentalstandardsofdevelopedcountriesaregenerallymuchhigherthanthoseofthedevelopingcountries.Especiallyafewdevelopedcountriesmakedifferentstandardsfortheimportedproductsanddomesticproducts,whichmakestheproductsofdevelopingcountrieshavemoredifficulttoenterintothedevelopedmarkets.
Thecomparativeadvantageofpriceindevelopingcountriesisanindirectcauseofgreenbarriers(Ren,2010).Developingcountriesareoftenrichinresources,especiallyChina.Therichnaturalresourcesmakethelowerpriceofexportedproductsfromdevelopingcountries.Withthecomparativeadvantageofprice,thedevelopinganddevelopedcountrieswillhaveanenormoustradesurplus.Thedevelopedcountriesduetotheprotectionoftheirdomesticmarket,willworkoutapolicywithstricttechnicalstandards(Zhao,2004).
2.2InfluenceofGreenBarriers
Song(2009)analysestheformationandthenewcharacteristicsofgreenbarriersintheglobaleconomiccrisis.Theauthoralsopointsoutthatthenewdevelopingdynamicofeachcountry'sgreenbarriersintheglobaleconomiccrisis,andmainlyfromthelawsandregulationsputsforwardthemeasuresofgreenbarriersforChina.
ChenXu(2009),pointsoutthatgreenbarriershastheduality,ontheonehand,theyareusedbysomedevelopedcountriesasalimitorhinderofforeignproductsorservicestoenterintotheinternationalmarketandthedevelopedcountries,andhavecertain"legitimate"status;Ontheotherhand,theyobjectivelyprotecttheglobalnaturalenvironment,originalresourcesandhumanhealth.Inviewofthissituation,ontheonehandChinacanstrengthenthepropagandaofeducationandlegislationtosolvethegreenbarriersintheinternationaltrade(Huang,2007);Ontheotherhand,Chinashouldreasonablyusethegreenbarriersintheinternationaltradetoimprovetheagriculturalproducts'quality,andimprovethetechnologyinnovationofChina'sagriculturalproducts.
AtpresentmanyareasofChinahavemakecorrespondingmeasuresforthegreenbarriers.Forexample,theimplementationof"DefiniteListSystem"inJapanhasaffectedtheexportsofeelandteainJiangXiprovince.Inordertosolvetheproblem,theInspectionandQuarantineInstitutionsofJiangXiprovinceaddatechnologygrouptodealwiththe"DefiniteListSystem"andthenewEuropeanFoodHygieneRegulations.ThistechnologygroupspeciallyanalysestheinfluenceandmeasuresforJiangXiexportcommoditiestodealwith"DefiniteListSystem",andreportinformationtotherelevantdepartmentsandenterprises,giveconsultation,andsolveproblems(Green,2012).Tosomedegree,thetechnologygrouphasmadegreatprogress.TheChineseproductsthataremostseriouslyaffectedby"greenbarriers"inglobaltradeincludeagriculturalproducts,textilesandclothing,leatherproducts,electronicproductsandsoon(Chen,2009).
TheWTOaccessionhassignificantlyloweredthetariffleveltoanaverageof3.8%indevelopedcountriesand14%
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