英国文学与美国文学复习讲义.docx
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英国文学与美国文学复习讲义.docx
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英国文学与美国文学复习讲义
英国文学与美国文学复习讲义
英美文学重点English&AmericanLiterature
Old&MedievalEnglishLiterature
OldEnglish:
450-1066
MedievalEnglish:
1066-middle14thcentury
GeoffreyChaucer-thefatherofEnglishpoetry(wisdom,humor,humanity)
TheRenaissancePeriod:
14th–mid17thstartedinItaly
Aseriesofhistoricalevents:
1.rediscoveryofancientRoman&Greekculture
2.newdiscoveriesingeography&astrology(占星学)
3.thereligiousreformation&economicexpansion
TheRenaissance-rebirthorrevival
Humanism-theessenceoftheRenaissance,thedignityofhumanbeing&theimportanceofthepresentlife
Bestrepresentatives:
ThomasMore,ChristopherMarlowe,WilliamShakespeare
TheElizabethandrama:
therealmainstreamofEnglishRenaissance
Mostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe,WilliamShakespeare,BenJonson
EdmundSpenser-thepoets'poet
5quality:
1)aperfectmelody2)araresenseofbeauty3)asplendidimagination
4)alofty(高尚的)moralpurityandseriousness5)adedicatedidealism
主角:
Arthur-whopossess12virtues
Gloriana–theFairyQueen
Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman,”butsomethingmoreromantic–“Fiercewarresandfaithfullloves”
READING:
excerptfromTheFaerieQueene仙后
Content:
RedcrosseKnightsetoutonhisadventures.
ChristopherMarlowe–“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama
Hyperbole(夸张)
Marlowe’sachievement:
1)blankverse无韵诗歌
ItisMarlowewhobroughtvitality(活力)andgrandeur(伟大)intotheblankversewithhis“mightylines,”whichcarrystrongemotions.
2)hiscreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.(notstrongindramaticconstruction.)
→thepioneerofEnglishdrama
3tragedies:
non-drama
READING:
1.excerptfromDr.Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧
AplaybasedontheGermanlegend
Content:
Faustusisascholarwhohasastrongdesiretoacquireknowledge.Byconjuration(念咒文召唤)hecallupMephistophilis,theDevil’sservant.Hemakeabond(契约)tosellhissoultotheDevilinreturnfor24yearsoflifeinwhichMephistophilistogivehimeverythinghedesires.Devil’snameisLucifer.
Dominantmoralishumanratherthanreligious
2.ThePassionate(热情的)ShepherdtoHisLove
thisshortpoemisconsideredtobeoneofthemostbeautifullyrics(抒情诗)inEnglishliterature.
Theshepherd(牧羊人)enjoyanidealcountrylife,cherishing(珍爱)apastoral(田园的)andpureaffectionforhislove.Strongemotionisconveyedthroughthebeautyofnature.
WilliamShakespeare–playwright&poet(aboveallwritersinthepastandinthepresenttime)
1.
2.
Comedies:
Tragedy:
3.Fourtragedies-
4.tragicomedies:
Achievement:
A.exploringthecharacters’sinnermind.
soliloquy(独白)ormonologue-fullyrevealtheinnerconflictofthecharacters
contrasts–bringvividnesstothecharacters
B.adroit(精巧的)plotconstruction
C.Ironyisagoodmeansofdramaticpresentation.Disguiseisanimportantdevicetocreatedramaticirony.
D.thelanguage.
READING:
1.Sonnet18(14line)
Anicesummer’sdayisusuallytransient(短暂的),butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.
2.excerptfromTheMerchantofVenice
Doubleplot:
(1)BassanioaskAntonioforaloansothathemightmarriagewithPortia
(2)AntonioborrowmoneyfromShylock,theJewishusurer.ShylockmakeastrangebondthatrequiresAntoniotosurrenderapoundofhisfleshifhefailtorepayhimwithinacertainperiodoftime.Portiadisguisedasayounglawyerinstructedtojudgethecase:
Shylockcantakehispoundofflesh,butthereisnomentionofbloodinthebond.Otherwise,hislandsandgoodswillbeconfiscated(充公)accordingtohelawofVenice.
3.ExcerptfromHamlet
content:
Hamlet,theprince,appearinginamoodofworld-weariness(厌世)occasionedbyhisfather’sdeathandhismother’shastyremarriagewithClaudius,hisfather’sbrother.HamletisinformedthatClaudiushasmurderedhisfatherandthentakenoverbothhisfather’sthroneandwidow.ThusHamletisurgedtoseekrevenge.
Note:
Tobe,ornottobe-toliveoninthisworldortodie;tosufferortotakeaction
FrancisBacon–philosopher,scientist,essayist,laythefoundationformodernscience
HisEssaysisthefirstexampleofthatgenreinEnglishliterature.
Bacon’sessaysarefamousfortheirbrevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions(典故),metaphors(隐喻)andcadence(韵律).
historytoman’smemory,poetrytoman’simaginationandcreation,andphilosophytoman’sreason.
Baconsuggeststheinductivereasoning归纳法(i.e.proceedingfromtheparticulartothegeneral)
inplaceofAristotelianmethod,thedeductivereasoning演绎法(i.e.proceedingfromthegeneraltotheparticular)
READING:
OfStudies
JohnDonne
〝Metaphysicalpoetry〞(玄学诗)-breakawayfromlovepoetry,thediction(用语)issimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withGod,orwithhimself.
A)conceitsB)syllogism(三段论)
Poetry早期:
晚期:
Prose:
hissermons,whicharebothrichandimaginative
READING:
1.TheSunRising2.Death,BeNotProud(asonnet,14lines)
JohnMilton
Achievement:
1)theearlypoeticworks2)themiddleprose(散文)3)thelastgreatpoems
Elegy(挽歌)-
Epic(史诗)-
Dramaticpoem(诗剧)-
READING:
excerptfromParadiseLost
TakefromtheOldTestament,thethemeisthe“FallofMan”:
SatanrebelagainstGodandaredrivenfromHeaven.Hedeterminedtorevengebyseduce(引诱)AdamandEvetoeatthefruitfromtheTreeofKnowledgeagainstGod’sinstructions.So,AdamandEveareexiledbyGodfromtheparadise.
TheNeoclassicalPeriod:
1660-1798withthepublicationofLyricalballadsbyWordsworthandColeridge
-arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)&accuracy
theAgeofEnlightenment/Reason–themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)
modernEnglishnovel–newlyrisingliteraryform现实主义小说诞生(themid-century)
Gothicnovel(哥特式小说)-mystery,horror&castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)
JohnBunyan
REAING:
TheVanityFair名利场anexcerptformThePilgrim’sProgress(天路历程)
AlexanderPope
oneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland,forhimthesupremevaluewasorder.
READING:
excerptfromAnEssayonCriticism(论批评)
DanielDefoe-thefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular
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- 关 键 词:
- 英国文学 美国 文学 复习 讲义