大学英语1电子版.docx
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大学英语1电子版.docx
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大学英语1电子版
Unit1
HowtobeaSuccessful([sək'sesful]adj.成功的;如愿以偿的;达到目的)LanguageLearner
1、WhyareyoulearningEnglish?
2、Whatdoyouexpect(期望)tolearninyourEnglishclass?
3、HowdoyoulearnEnglishoutsidethechassroom?
Howcanyoulearnaforeignlanguagewell?
Accordingtotheauthorofthistext,youmightneedtothinkinanewway,aprocessalmostlikegoingbacktochildhoodonceagain…
LearningtoThinkAllOverAgainGrahamE.Fuller
Whenyouwereachild,youdidn’tknowwhatatreewasatfirst.Somebodyhadtotellyou.Probablyyouparentstookyououtside,pointedtoatreeandsaid,“Tree!
”Youhadtolearntoassociatethesoundoftheword“tree”withthebiggreenleafythingyousawinfrontofyou.
That’swhatyoumustlearntodoagainwhenyouarelearningaforeignlanguage.Youneedtolearntoassociatesoundswithobjects,andtothinkinanewway.Onlythistime,sinceyouaregrownup,youwillbeabletounderstandwhatneedstobedonemuchfaster.You’llknowwhysomebodyispointingtoatreeandsayingastrangeword.Butyou’llstillhavetolearnthenewword.Youmayevenhavetorelearnitmanytimesbeforeyoufinallyactuallylearnit.
Thereisanimportantideahere.InAmericaournameforthatbiggreenleafythingis“tree”,butinGermanythenameforthatthingis“Baum”.InArabcountriesthenameis“shajra”.AndinChinatheysay“shu”.Thesevariouswordsarenotthemselves“trees”.Theyarejustsomeofthemanyhundredsofdifferentsoundsusedintheworldtorepresentthatgreatbiggreenleafything.
Tolearnaforeignlanguageyoumustgetawayfromtheideaoftranslatingwords.Translatingtakestoomuchtimeandmentalenergy.Youwillneverlearntoreallyspeakandunderstandaforeignlanguageifyouhavetotranslateeverything.Instead,learntoassociatethenewsounddirectlywiththeimageinyourmind.Sowhenwehearthesound“Baum”or“shajra”or“shu”,wedon'twanttothink,“Hmmmm.Baummeanstree,whichmeansthatgreatbiggreenleafything.”
Don’tthinkthatthechallengeofnewthinkingwillbelimitedonlytotheareaofnewwords;itisgoingtogomuchdeeperthanthat.Let’suseananalogy:
youcanbuildahouseusingmaterialsofverydifferentsizesandshapes.Englishusesonesetofbuildingblocks,butotherlanguageswillusedifferent-shapedbuildingblocksthattakesomecreativitytoputtogetheratfirst.Whereweusetwoblocks,theymayusethreesmallerones-ormaybeonelargeone.
Here’sanesampleofanEnglishsentence:
Wehavetobyafewbooksbeforegoinghome.Whentranslatingintoalmostanyforeignlanguage,youwillnottakeeachEnglishwordandsubstituteaforeignwordforit.Youwillinsteadbesubstitutinggroupsofwordsorideasfromonelanguagetotheother.Howeachlanguagewillchoosetogrouptheideasdependsonthelanguage.InfrenchorSpanish,forexample,wehavetobuyisbrokendownintothreewords:
we/haveto/buy.InTurkish,however,theTurksareabletoreduceallthesefourwordstoonlyone.
Solearntostartthinkingintermsofbundlesofconceptsorideasthatwillbeconvertedtonewlanguageandnotsinglewords.Trytothinkinaforeignlanguage.Thisisn’tallthathard.Youlearntothinkinthelanguagesimplybyusingthelanguageoverandoveragain,askingandansweringsimplequestionsuntilyoufeelcomfortablewiththeprocess.Thenyouaddsomenewwords,andafewmorenewsituations,andpracticeusingthemtogetherwithallthewordsyoulearnedinpreviouslessons.Butbybityoubuildupskill.
Onceyoureallygetintothelanguage,you’llunderstandallthisagooddealbetter.Somebodywillbesayingsomethingquitefastandyou’llsuddenlyrealizethatyouunderstooditall!
It’sagreatmoment.Reallysatisfying.Youporbablywouldn’tbeabletorepeatthewords,orevenknowhowitwasthatyouunderstooditall.Butit’sasignthatthelanguageisstartingtosinkintoyourmind.You’rebeginningtounderstandwithouttranslating.[670words]
Newwords
Foreign/[‘fɔrin]/a.oforfromanothercountry外国的
Process/[ˈprəuses]/n.connectedseriesofactions,changes,etc.过程
Probably/[ˈprɔbəbli]/adv.Mostlikely很可能地;大概(He'llprobablyfindhimselfinpocketinagoodyear.年头好时,他会发现自己赚钱。
)
Point/[pɔint]/v.directpeople’sattentiontowardssb./sth.Byextendingone’sfingertowardsit;direct,aim用手指向;瞄准,对准
Phrases&expressions
Alloveragain重新
Getawayfrom摆脱;离开
Buildingblockanyofthepiecesoutofwhichsth.Isbuilt砌块,积木;成分,构成要素
Puttogethermake(sth.)byjoiningallitsparts组合,装配
Dependonrelyon;bedecidedby依赖于;取决于
Breakdownintoseparatesth.Intoparts把…分解成
配joiningallitsparts
Intermsof从…角度,就…来说
Overandoveragain一再,再三
Bitbybitgradually,littlebylittle渐渐地,一点一点地
Buildup(causeto)develop,increase,orbecomegraduallylarge(使)发展;加强;扩大
Getintobecomestronglyinvolvedwithordeeplyinterestedin(sth.)投入、从事;对…感兴趣
Agooddealtoaverygreatdegree(程度、数量等)相当大地
Propernames
GrahamE.Fuller/’格雷厄姆·福勒(人名)
Notes
1ThistextisadaptedfromHowtoLearnaForeignLanguagepublishedbyStormKingpress,1987.GrahamE.Fuller,thewriter,isanexpertinlanguages.Hehasstudiedsixteenlanguages,includingFrench,German,Persian,Japnaese,Turkish,Chinese,Arabic,Greek,RussianandevenEsperanto.DuringhiscareerwiththeForeignService,Grahamandhisfamilyspentmorethanseventeenyearsoverseas,sohehasagoodunderstandingoflearningandusingaforeignlanguage.
2Onlythistime,sinceyouaregrownup,youwillbeabletounderstandwhatneedstobedonemuchfaster.
Thewordonlyheremeans“but;exceptthat”.Anotherexample:
Shewantstoge,onlyshehasn’tgotenoughmoneyforthetrip.
3Whereweusetwoblocks,theymayusethreesmallerones-ormaybeonelargeone.
Heretheconjunctionwhereisusedforshowingdifferences.Itisusedwhenyoucomparetwopersons,things,actions,etc.andshowhowtheyaredifferent.
Anotherexample:
Whereothermenmighthaveadmitteddefeat,Wallacefoughtbackwithrenewedstrength.
4…theTurksareabletoreduceallthesefourwordstoonlyone.:
…theTurksareabletousesimplyonewordinsteadoffour.
Englishusesonlyafewsuffixes(后缀),suchas-’sforpossessive,-sor–esforplural.However,inTurkish,therearemanysuffixes,andwordsandsentencesaremadebyaddingsuffixestoaroot-word.SometimesaTurkishwordcangetverylong,withallthemeaningburiedinthesequenceofsuffixespiledtogetherinaparticularorder.
5Youprobablywouldn’tbeabletorepeatthewords,orevenknowhowitwasthatyouunderstooditall.
Thestructurehowitwasthat…means“inwhatwayorbywhatmeans…”.
Anotherexample:
ProfessorLeetriedtoshowushowitwasthatverysmallamountsofpollutioncouldhavefarreachingdamagingeffects.
6…thelanguageisstartingtosinkintoyourmind.:
youarebeginningtounderstandthelanguage.
Study&Practice
I.ListeningExercises
1.Listentothetape,payingspecialattentiontothepronunciationofthevowelslistedinfrontofeachgroupofwords.Thenreadaloudallthewords.
1)/ei/shapenametranslatesituationstrange
2)/æl/practiceactuallyunderstandanalogychallenge
3)/i:
/deepspeakrepeatpreviousleafy
4)/e/energyinsteadrepresentexceptsuccess
2.Listentothepassageandchoosethebestanswertothequestionsfollowingit.Thefollowingwordsinthepassagemaybenewtoyou:
Uncertainty/[ʌn’sə:
tnti]/n.不确定性
Avoid/[ə’vɔid]/v.避免
Communicate/[kə’mju:
nikeit]/v.交流,交际;传达(思想、感情等)
Focus/[’fəukəs]/v.集中(注意力)于
1)Accordingtothepassage,whenyouarereadingaforeignlanguagetext,youshould
_________________________________________________________________
a.lookupallthewordsthatyoudon’tunderstand
b.notuseadictionaryeveniftherearewordsyoudon'tknow
c.lookuponlythosenewwordsthatareimportantforgettingthebasicideaofthetext
2)Ifyoudon'tunderstandwhatanotherpersonissayingtoyou,you’dbetter
_________________________________________________________________
a.tellhim/herimmediatelythatyoudon'tunderstandthemessage
b.tellhim/herwhatwordsorphrasesyoudon'tunderstand
c.keeplisteningandavoidtellinghim/herthatyoudon'tunderstand
3)Whenyouwanttoexpressanideainaforeignlanguage,___________
a.besureyoupracticethesentencesbeforeactuallysayingthem
b.youdon'tneedtoworrytoomuchaboutthecorrectuseofeachword
c.youshouldtryyourbesttousethewordsthathavejustbeenlearnt
4)What’sthemainideaofthispassage?
a.Foreignlanguagelearnersmustlearntolivewithuncertainty.
b.Non-understandingisanaturalpartofforeignlanguagelearning.
c.Dailypracticeofreading,listeningandspeakingskillsisimportantforlearningaforeignlanguage.
II.SpeakingActivities
1.Readaloudthefollowingparagraphfromthetextuntilyouhavelearneditbyheart.
Solearntostartthinkingintermsofbundlesofconceptsorideasthatwillbeconvertedtonewlanguageandnotsinglewords.Trytothinkinaforeignlanguage.Thisisn’tallthathard.Youlearntothinkinthelanguagesimplybyusingthelanguageoverandoveragain.Askingandansweringsimplequestionsuntilyoufellcomfortablewiththeprocess.Thenyouaddsomenewwords,andafewmoresituations,andpracticeusingthemtogetherwithallthewordsyoulearnedinpreviouslessons.Bitbybityoubuildupskill.
2.Readthefollowingquotations,thinkaboutthermandlearnthembyheart.
Tohaveanotherlanguageistopossessasecondsoul.---Charlemagne
Thosewhoknownothingofforeignlanguagesknownothingoftheirown.
---JohannWolfgangvonGoethe
Languageistheroadmapofa
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