热点06 无人机技术的发展及应用原卷版备战高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练.docx
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热点06 无人机技术的发展及应用原卷版备战高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练.docx
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热点06无人机技术的发展及应用原卷版备战高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练
备战2021年高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读
热点06无人机技术的发展及应用
一、阅读理解
1
Youhaveprobablyreadaboutrobotsreplacinghumanlaborasaneweraofautomationtakesrootinoneindustryafteranother.Butareportsuggestshumansarenottheonlyoneswhomightlosetheirjobs.
InNewZealand,farmersareusingdrones(无人机)toherdandmonitorlivestock,assumingajobthathighlyintelligentdogshaveheldformorethanacentury.
Therobotshavenotreplacedthedogsentirely,RadioNewZealandreports,buttheyhaveappropriatedoneoftheanimal'smostpotenttools:
barking.
TheDJ-Innovations(DJI)MavicEnterprise,a$3,500dronefavoredbyfarmers,hasafeaturethatletsthemachinerecordsoundsandplaythemoveraloudspeaker,givingthemachinetheabilitytomimicitscaninecounterparts.
CoreyLambeth,ashepherdatafarmwithsheepandcows,toldRNZthemachinesaresurprisinglyeffective.
“That’stheonethingI’venoticedwhenyou’removingcowsandcalves---thattheoldcowsstanduptothedogs,butwiththedrones,they’veneverdonethat,”hesaid,notingthatitmeansthedronesmovelivestockfaster,withlessstress,thanthedogsdo.
FarmerstoldRNZthedronescomeinhandyformorethanjustherdingcowsandsheep.Therobotsallowfarmerstomonitortheirlandfromafar,trackingwaterandfedlevelsandcheckingonlivestockhealthwithoutdisturbingtheanimals.
JasonRentoultoldRNZlastspringthatatwo-hourherdingjobthatusedtorequiretwopeopleandtwoteamsofdogscouldbeaccomplishedin45minutesusingasingledrone.“Beingahillyfarmwherealotofstuffisdoneonfoot,thedronesreallysavedalotofman-hours,”hesaid.“Thedronedoesthehigherbitsthatyoucan’tseefromtheground,andyouwouldhavetowalkhalfanhourtogoandhavealookandthengo,‘Oh,therewasnosheepthere.’”
Farmersaroundtheworldareusingdrones.InSouthAfrica,theymonitorcrophealthfromabove,whichboostsharvests,accordingtoCN.InCalifornia,winemakersusedronesequippedwithsensorstogrowhealthiergrapes,accordingtoMITTechnologyReview.Becausedronesflyclosertotheground,theyareabletoprovidehigh-resolutionimagesthatarelessexpensivethanhiringsomeonetoflyanaircraftoverafield,thepublicationreported.
InNewZealand,farmerssaysomedogsarelearningtoworkalongsidedrones,identifyingthemachinesasmoreco-workerthanfoe.
“Agoodherdingdog,he'salreadyfiguredoutifthedronesareworkingonthatside.I’llgooverhere(totheotherside)andworkoverhere,"Rentoulsaid.
“Fornow,”farmerssay,“thereisstillaneedforherdingdogs,primarilybecausetheyhavealongerlifespanthandrones,canworkinbadweatheranddonotrequireanelectricalsocketeveryfewhourstorecharge.
“There’sdefinitelygoingtobeplacesfordogsalwaysonfarm,"Lambethsaid.“TheonedownsideoftheMavicdronesoranythingelectronicisthatyoustillneedtobringtheminandchargethem.”
1.Accordingtothepassage,thedronescan’treplacethedogsentirelybecause________.
A.thedronescan’tbarkasloudlyasthedogsdo.
B.thedrones’powerandworkingconditionsarelimited.
C.thedronesaremuchmoreexpensivethantheanimal.
D.cowsandcalvesarenotusedtoseeingthedrones.
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Herdingdogswillgraduallylosetheirpositiononthefarmland.
B.Thedronescanonlycopythedogs'barkingwiththecurrenttechnology.
C.Thedronesaremultifunctionalandleavetheanimalsundisturbed.
D.Thecostofusingdronestomonitorgrapesishalfthe
3.Whatarethemaindisadvantagesofthedrones?
A.Shortservicetimeandsimplefunction.
B.Continuousmaintenanceandsystemupgrades.
C.Vulnerabilitytofierceanimalsandextremeweather.
D.Frequentabsenceandrestrictedbatterycapacity.
4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?
A.Robotsarereplacinghumanlabor
B.Droneshelpkeeplivestockinline
C.Herdingdogswillremainonfarm
D.Farmingisbecomingsurprisinglyeffective.
2
Itusedtobemostlythemilitarythatusedsmall,unpilotedaircraft,called"drones".Thelittleplaneswereverycostly.Butastheyhavedroppedinpricemorepeoplehavebeguntousethem.Rescueworkersandfarmersareamongthenewusers.
Thefastrateofthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,imagesensingdevices,satellitenavigationandsmartphoneshasledtolower-priceddrones.Researchersanddevelopershavelearnedhowtobuildsmallerandless-costlydrones,Moviemakersareusingdronestofilmfromthesky.Historiansusethemwhentheyexploreancientbuildings.Rescueworkersusethemtolookforpeople.Andnowfarmersareusingthemtowatchovertheircrops.
RomainFarouxisaFrenchbusinessmanwhostartscompanies.Hisfatherwasafarmer.Hebelieveddronescouldhelpfarmers.Hehelpedcreateacompanythatdevelopedasmalldronethatcouldbecontrolledbypeopleontheground.Theycalledit"Agridrone".Itusesaspecial"opticalsensor"toexaminecrops.Thetechnologyusedissimilartothatusedbysmartphones-exceptithaswings.Acomputerprogramdirectsthedronetoflyoverthecrops.Thesensoronthedronerecordsfourdifferent-colored"bands"ofsunlightthatarereflectedoffthecrops.
Jean-BaptisteBruggemanisafarmer.Hesaysthedronefliesoverhiscropsatdifferenttimesoftheseason.Hesaysthisprovidesalotofinformationabouthiscrops.Thedronepicturesshowhimtheexactamountoffertilizerthecropsneed.Italsoshowsexactlywherethefertilizerisneeded.
RomainFarouxsaysfarmersuseinformationcollectedbytheAgridronetoplacefertilizeronlyinareaswhereitwasneeded.Thissavesmoneyandreducespollution.Beforetheyusedthedrones,farmerswouldputthesameamountoffertilizereverywhere.Dronesalsosavetimebecausefarmerscanexamineuptothreehectareinaboutaminute.
5.Whydorescueworkersandfarmersbegintousedrones?
A.Dronescanmonitortheircattle.B.Drones'priceshavedropped.
C.Dronescanhelpthemgetmorebusiness.D.Drones'sizesbecomesmaller.
6.WhatcanthedronesdevelopedbyRomainFarour'scompanydo?
A.Exploreancientbuildings.B.Putfertilizeronthecrops.
C.Helpfarmersexaminetheircrops.D.Helprescueworkerslookforpeople.
7.Whatcanthesensoronthedronedo?
A.Helpthesunlightshinethecrops.B.Directtheplanetoflyoverthecrop.
C.Examinethedifferentcolorsofthe.D.Recordthesunlightreflectedoffthecrops.
8.Accordingtothetext,theuseofthedroneis_________.
A.environment-friendlyB.wastefulC.costlyD.safe
3
Dec21st2018
OnDecember19thGatwickairport,Britain’ssecond-biggest,wasforcedtocloseduetoseveralsightingsofdrones(无人机)flyingnearitsrunways.TheairportonlyreopenedonthemorningofDecember21st.①.
Thepotentialforanincidentofthisscalehasbeenrecognizedforsomeyearsnow.Thefallingpriceofsmalldronesinrecentyearshasresultedinthenumberflyingdangerouslynearaircrafttorisesharply.②.
Thisisathreatthattheauthoritieshavetotakeseriously.Recentresearchsuggeststhatsmallunmannedaerialvehicles(UAVs)canbemuchmoredamagingthanbirds—asurprisinglycommoncauseofaircraftcrashes—atthesameimpactspeed,eveniftheyareasimilarweight.Theresearchersfoundthatthedrones’rigidanddensematerials—suchasmetal,plasticandlithiumbatteries—canputaeroplanesatmuchgreaterriskthanabirdcarcass(动物尸体).Ifadroneweretohitanaircraft’sfanbladeswhenitisoperatingatitshighestspeed,thebladescouldbreakandpowertotheenginecouldbelost.
③.Butitalsounderlinedthepotentialfordestructionthatdronesafford.TheBritishpolicedonotthinkthatterrorismwasthemotivationbehindthelatestincidentatGatwick.AccordingtotheDailyTelegraph,aBritishnewspaper,environmentalactivistsaresuspectedofbeingbehindtheattack,whichhashappenedbefore.
Asattentionturnstowhatcanbedonetopreventarepeat,twosolutionsstandout.Thefirstisregulation.RegulatorsinAmericaandBritainalreadybandronesfromflyingtooclosetoairports.AmericahasintroducedacompulsoryregistrationschemefordronesandBritainplanstofollowsuit.
ButasthechaosatGatwickshows,evenseriouspunishmentswillnotstopthoseintendingtocauseharmdeliberately.④.Technologyisthesecond,andmoreimportant,answertothethreat.IntheUStheFAAhasexperimentedwithasystem.Dronescanhavepre-programmedsoftwarethatkeepsthemawayfromprohibitedareas,anapproachknownas“geofencing”.Britishengineershavecomeupwithasystemthatcatchesdroneswithanetandthensoftlylandsthemwithaparachute.Dutchpolicehaveevenattemptedtotraineaglestocatchdronesintheskyandreturnthemtotheirtrainersasiftheyweresongbirds.TheclosureatGatwickwillgiveideassuchastheseamightypushforward.
9.Comparedtobirds,droneshavebecomeamoreseriousthreattoairplanecrashinthat_____.
A.dronesaremuchheavierthanbirdsingeneral
B.dronesusuallyflyevenfasterthanbirds
C.droneswillattackairplanesonpurpose
D.dronesaremadeofrigidanddensematerials
10.Thesentence“TheextendedclosureofGatwickwasajustifiedresponsetothisthreat.”shouldbeputin_____.
A.①B.②
C.③D.④
11.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethat_____.
A.Thedecreasingsizeofdronesrecentlyhasledtofrequentaccidentsofthiskind.
B.Amongthesolutions,technologyisconsideredtobeamorereliableone.
C.TheFAAhasadopteda“geofencing”systemwiththehelpoftrainedeagles.
D.TheBritishpolicethinkenvironmentalistsconductedthel
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