高三英语高考阅读理解专项训练文化类.docx
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高三英语高考阅读理解专项训练文化类.docx
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高三英语高考阅读理解专项训练文化类
2020年高考英语阅读理解专项训练——文化类
(1)
AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademan—themanwhohasrisentothetopthroughhisownefforts,usuallybeginningbyworkingwithhishands.Whiletheleaderinbusinessorindustryorthecollegeprofessoroccupiesahighersocialpositionandcommandsgreaterrespectinthecommunitythanthecommonlaboreroreventheskilledfactoryworker,hemaytakepainstopointoutthathisfatherstartedlifeinAmericaasafarmerorlaborerofsomesort.
Thisattitudetowardmanual(体力的)laborisnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlife.Oneisinvitedtodinneratahomethatisnotonlycomfortablybutevenluxuriously(豪华地)furnishedandinwhichthereiseveryevidenceofthefactthatthefamilyhasbeenabletoaffordforeigntravel,expensivehobbies,andcollegeeducationforthechildren;yetthehostessprobablywillcookthedinnerherself,willserveitherselfandwillwashdishesafterward,furthermorethedinnerwillnotconsistmerelyofsomethingquicklyandeasilyassembledfromcontentsofvariouscansandacakeorapieboughtatthenearbybakery.Onthecontrary,thehostessusuallytakesprideincarefulpreparationofspecialdishes.Aprofessionalmanmaytalkaboutwashingthecar,digginginhisflowerbeds,paintingthehouse.Hiswifemayevenhelpwiththesethings,justasheoftenhelpsherwiththedishwashing.Thesonwhoisawayatcollegemaywaitontableandwashdishesforhisliving,orduringthesummerhemayworkwithaconstructiongangonahighwayinordertopayforhiseducation.
1.Fromparagraph1,wecanknowthatinAmerica_________.
A.peopletendtohaveahighopinionoftheself-mademan
B.peoplecanalwaysrisetothetopthroughtheirwonefforts
C.collegeprofessorswingreatrespectfromcommonworkers
C.peoplefeelpainfultomentiontheirfathersaslabors.
2.Accordingtothepassage,thehostesscooksdinnerherselfmainlybecause_________.
A.servantsinAmericanarehardtoget
B.shetakesprideinwhatshecandoherself
C.shecanhardlyaffordservants
D.Itiseasytoprepareamealwithcannedfood
3.Theexpression“waitontable”inthesecondparagraphmeans“_________”.
A.workinafurnitureshopB.keepaccountsforabar
C.waittolaythetableD.servecustomersinarestaurant
4.Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.ARespectableSelf-madeFamilyB.AmericanAttitudetowardManualLabor
C.CharacteristicsofAmericanCultureD.TheDevelopmentofManualLabor
【答案解析】
本文介绍了崇尚自我奋斗,尊重体力劳动的美国文化。
1.A。
细节题。
根据AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademade我们可以了解到,“崇尚自我奋斗”是美国文化的特点。
2.B。
推断题。
根据Thisattitudetowardmanual(体力的)laborisnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlife.(在美国生活的方方面面,尊重体力劳动态度的现象仍然随处可见),可以推断女主人亲自下厨,是因为她以能做这样的体力活而自豪。
3.D。
词义猜测题。
waitontable意为“服务顾客”,注意其后的washingdishes也有一定的暗示意义,故答案为D。
4.B。
主旨题。
纵观全文,文章主要讲了美国崇尚自我奋斗,尊重体力劳动的文化习惯。
故答案为B。
(2)
Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinalmostthesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesasformaltexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualsituationofthetimeandthechild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.
Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimormakinghimsadthinking.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftensorryforcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,somecasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarises(出现)fromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.
Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.donotexist;andthat,insteadofbeingfondofthestrangesideinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughttolearntherealitybystudyinghistory.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustsaysopeculiar(奇怪的)thatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonastickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirbelovedgirl-friend.
Nofairystoryeverdeclaredtobeadescriptionoftherealworldandnocleverchildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.
1.Theauthorconsidersthatafairystoryismoreeffectivewhenitis_______.
A.repeatedwithoutanychangeB.treatedasajoke
C.madesomechangesbytheparentD.setinthepresent
2.Accordingtothepassage,greatfearcantakeplaceinachildwhenthestoryis_______.
A.inarealisticsettingB.heardforthefirsttime
C.repeatedtoooftenD.toldinadifferentway
3.Theadvantageclaimed(提出)forrepeatingfairystoriestoyoungchildrenisthatit_______.
A.makesthemlessfearful
B.developstheirpowerofmemory
C.makesthembelievethereisnothingtobeafraidof
D.encouragesthemnottohavestrangebeliefs
4.Theauthor’smentionofsticksandtelephonesismeanttosuggestthat_______.
A.fairystoriesarestillbeingmadeup
B.thereissomemisunderstandingaboutfairytales
C.peopletrytomodernizeoldfairystories
D.thereismoreconcernforchildren'sfearsnowadays
5.Oneofthereasonswhysomepeoplearenotinfavoroffairytalesisthat_______.
A.theyarefullofimagination
B.theyjustmakeupthestorieswhicharefarfromthetruth
C.theyarenotinteresting
D.theymaketeachersofhistorydifficulttoteach
【答案解析】
本文为论说文,作者驳斥了对神话故事的种种指责和误解。
1.C。
细节题。
根据Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualsituationofthetimeandthechild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.可推知此题答案为C。
2.B。
细节题。
根据thisarises(出现)fromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.可推知此题答案为B。
3.A。
细节题。
根据Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.可以得出此答案。
4.B。
推断题。
有些人认为神话不现实,都是教孩子一些不存在的东西,会对孩子有不好的影响。
作者用虚拟语气作了一个假设,如果这些观点站得住脚的话,可能会出现这样的情况:
theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonastickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirbelovedgirl-friend.可见持这种观点的人实际上是对神话的一种误解。
5.B。
推断题。
根据…notobjectivelytrue,donotexist可知有些人不赞成神话故事的原因是这些故事是编出来的,远离现实。
故选B。
(3)
ThenumberofspeakersofEnglishinShakespeare’stimeisestimated(估计)tohavebeenaboutfivemillion.Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasanativelanguage,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguageaswellasvariouslevelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.
Infact,itisimpossibletoestimatethenumberofpeopleintheworldwhohaveacquiredanadequate(足够的)workingknowledgeofEnglishinadditiontotheirownlanguages.ThepurposeforEnglishlearningandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitisdifficulttoexplainandstillmoredifficulttojudgewhatformsanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.
ThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage.Besidesservingtheindefiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofimportantworksinscience,technology,andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.Itiswidelyusedforsuchpurposesasmeteorologicalandairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthespreadofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmanynations.Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,especiallyformerBritishcolonies.Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerce,industry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforentrancetothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentsintheWest.
1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?
A.TheDifficultiesofLearningEnglish
B.InternationalCommunications
C.TheStandardVarietiesofEnglish
D.EnglishasaWorldLanguage
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A.Some260millionpeopleintheworldhaveanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish.
B.Therearesome260millionnativespeakersofEnglishintheworld.
C.ItisalmostimpossibletoestimatethenumberofpeoplewithanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish.
D.PeoplelearnEnglishforavarietyofreasons.
3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainreasonforthewidespreaduseofEnglish?
A.ItwaspopularduringShakespeare’stime.
B.ItisusedinformerBritishcolonies.
C.Itservestheneedsofitsnativespeakers.
D.Itisaworldlanguagethatisusedforinternationalcommunication.
4.WhatformsanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish?
A.Theabilitytoreadanewspaper.
B.Itisdifficulttojudgebecauseitdiffersforeachsituation.
C.Beingamultilingual.
D.Beinganativespeaker.
5.WhattypeofdevelopingcountrieswouldbemostlikelytouseEnglish?
A.ThosegeographicallyclosetotheUnitedStates.
B.Thoseinterestedi
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