初三 语法梳理+易错题.docx
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初三 语法梳理+易错题.docx
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初三语法梳理+易错题
中考英语重点语法梳理
一、名词
1.不可数名词。
①常见的不可数名词有:
advice,information,juice,news,furniture,food,water,time(时间),paper(纸),work(工作),meat,fish,chicken,pork,beef,drink,weather,fun,space(空间),room等
典型例题:
1.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor_______.
A.anadviceB.advicesC.someadviceD.theadvices
2.Thereareno_______inthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomecabbages.
A.milkB.meatC.vegetablesD.pears
3.It’ssocrowdedhere.Let’smakesome_______forthelady.
A.groundB.roomC.seatsD.chairs
②只修饰不可数名词的短语:
much,alittle,little,abitof
只修饰可数名词:
many,afew,few,anumberof
可数不可数名词均可以修饰:
enough,some,any,alotof,lotsof,plentyof
注意:
anumberof大量的,许多,谓语动词用复数形式
thenumberof……的数量,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式
few/afew;little/alittle(only+alittle/afew)
典型例题:
3.–Anumberofstudents_______inthedininghall.
–Letmecount.Thenumberofthestudents_______about400.
A.are;isB.is;areC.are;areD.is;is
表达不可数名词的数量可用:
abagof…(一袋),twopiecesof…(两则/两张),aglassof…,fourbottlesof…等,注意单位量词是可数名词。
如:
afewpiecesofnews几则新闻
典型例题:
1.Therearestill_______inthekitchen.Wedon’thavetobuymoredrinks.
A.orangejuiceB.tomatoesC.bottlesofcolaD.glassofjuice
名词复数归类:
以辅音字母+-o结尾或以-o结尾名词复数:
tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,hero—heroes,radio—radios,piano—pianos,zoo—zoos,photo—photos
以-f或-fe结尾改f或fe为ves。
leaf-leaves,wolf-wolves,wife—wives,half—halves,life—lives(生命),knife—knives,shelf—shelves。
特殊的有:
roof—roofs。
不规则归类:
oo—ee:
tooth—teeth,foot—feet;
man—men:
man—men,woman—women,Frenchman—Frenchmen,Englishman—Englishmen
特殊:
German—Germansmouse—mice(老鼠)
单复同形:
Chinese(中国人),Japanese,fish,deer,sheep
注:
中日不变,英法变,其余+s。
通常以复数形式出现的词,谓语动词用复数,常见的有:
clothes,glasses,trousers,shoes
典型例题:
1.There________apairofshoesunderthebed.Theshoes________hers.
A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are
注:
有单位量词就以单位量词决定单复数。
多个名词的复数:
一般将中心名词变成复数:
girlstudents女学生twobirthdayparties,manyappletrees
特殊:
womenteachers,mendoctors两个名词均变复数
典型例题:
1.Allthe_______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.
A.manB.menC.womanD.women
名词所有格,表示”某人的或某物的……”:
‘s格:
Lucy’sroom,Lucy’sandLily’srooms,children’sbooks,students’parents,
tenminutes’walk
of格:
aphotoofmymother我妈妈的一张照片(照片中是我妈妈)
双重所有格:
aphotoofmymother’s我妈妈拥有的一张照片(照片上不是我妈妈)
abookofmymother’s我妈妈的一本书
aroomofLucyandLily’s露西和莉莉共同的房间
afriendofmine我众多朋友中的一个(of+名词性物主代词)
afriendofTom’sfather’s汤姆爸爸的一个朋友
注意固定搭配短语:
thekeyto……的钥匙/关键theanswerto……的答案aticketfor……的门票
注意“数词-名词单数”构成的复合形容词与所有格的互换:
atwenty-minutewalk与atwentyminutes'walk
典型例题:
1.Both_______arebroken.Weneedtobuythemanothertwo.
A.Nancy’sandCatherine’sbicyclesB.NancyandCatherine’sbicycle
C.Nancy’sorCatherine’sbicyclesD.NancyorCatherine’sbicycle
2.–Yourbrotherlooksreallycharminginthephoto.
--Oh,that’snot_______.It’smyuncle.
A.aphotoofmybrother’sB.mybrother’s
C.aphotoofmybrotherD.he
3.–Excuseme.Couldyoupleaseshowmehowtodotheexercises?
--Sorry,Idon’tknow,either.Hereis_______exercisebook.Hehastheanswers_______theexercise.
A.Tim;forB.Tim’s;onC.Tony’s;toD.Tony;of
二、冠词
不定冠词用法:
①第一次提到某人或物。
②用于序数词前,表示“再一,又一”。
典型例题:
1.Nevergiveup,myson.Youcanalwaystry_______secondtimeifyoufail_______firsttime.
A.a;aB.the;theC.the;aD.a;the
③固定搭配中。
如:
such/sosucha/an+adj.+n.so+adj.+a/an+n.
典型例题:
1.Wehad_______thatwewerealmostwornout.
A.asobluedayB.soblueadayC.suchbluedayD.asuchblueday
2._______excitingnews!
We’veneverhad_______longvacationbefore.
A.What;suchaB.Whatan;asuchC.How;suchaD.What;soa
定冠词用法:
①特指/第二次提及
典型例题:
1.Afterhalf_______hour,Simonstartedtodig_______tenthhole.
A.a;theB./;aC.a;/D.an;a
2.Yesterday,_______8-year-oldboyfellintotheriver._______boywassavedbyapoliceman.
A.an;AB.an;TheC.a;TheD.a;An
②世界独一无二的事物前
典型例题:
1.Ofall_______planets,_______earthistheonlyonewhichhasliveslivingthere.
A.the;/B.the;theC./;/D./;a
③姓氏复数前,表一家人
④乐器前
⑤形容词副词最高级前;用于表示顺序的词前;the+adj.表一类人
典型例题:
1.Springis_______firstseasonandwinteris_______last.
A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D.the;/
⑥山河湖海方位前,专有名词前
⑦与名词所有格连用表示:
在……处atthedoctor’s在医务室
零冠词用法:
①复数名词表泛指
②三餐、球类、棋类运动前
③季节月份星期前
典型例题:
1.Peopleoftengoskatingin_______winter.
A./B.aC.anD.the
④by+交通工具
注意:
takeabus,goinaboat,inaredcar,rideonabike
典型例题:
1.--Didyouhave________goodtime?
--Yes.Wewentthereby_______horse.Itwasfun.
A.a;aB.a;/C.the;theD.a;the
三、代词
多个人称并列顺序:
你他我--you,he/she,I
my/mine,our/ours,your/yours,their/theirs,his与his,her/hers,its/its的区别:
前者相当于形容词,后者相当于一个名词。
mybook/pen/father/…=mineHisfatherisadoctorandmineisateacher.
反身代词:
强调“亲自”。
常见反身代词短语:
byoneself独自,enjoyoneself玩得开心,dressoneself给自己穿衣,makeoneselfathome如在家中一般,helponeselfto随便吃点…..,talk/say/thinktooneself自言自语/心里想
典型例题:
1.–WhogaveGuythemodelgun?
--Nobody.Hemadeit______.Hereallyenjoyed______whenhewasdoingit.
A.him;himB.himself;himselfC.him;himselfD.his;him
2.–Cindy,isitOKtoleaveyouathomeby______?
--Ofcourse,Mum.
A.myselfB.herselfC.yourselfD.yourselves
some/any作为“一些”的区别:
some用于肯定句中,在问句中表委婉请求用some而不用any;
any用于否定句和一般疑问句中
典型例题:
1.Thereare_________Germanshere,butherearen’t_______Americans.
A.some;anyB.any;someC.some;someD.any;any
2.Wouldyoulike_______bread?
A.someB.anyC.afewD.enough
it用法:
固定句型:
Itbe+adj.for/ofsb.todosth.(of—形容词修饰人,可以用sb.be+adj.来进行检验;
for—形容词说的是动作)
Ittakesomebodysometime/somemoneytodosth.
find/thinkit+adj.todosth.发现/认为做某事是……
代指上文提到的同一个事物,代指天气、金钱、时间、距离、温度等。
典型例题:
1.Mostpeoplefind_______excitingtowatchafootballmatch.
A.itB.thisC.WhichD.it’s
2._______isimpolite_______youtocutinlinewhenyouarewaitingforabus.
A.This;forB.It;forC.This;ofD.It;of
3.LastnightIlostmywatchanddidn’tfind_______everywhere.Butmyfatherwillbuy_______formenextweek.
A.it;itB.it;oneC.one;oneD.one;it
辨析:
spend/take/cost/pay
人+spend+时间/金钱+indoingsth.或人+spend+时间/金钱+onsth.
take见上固定句型:
Ittakes/took…todo
人/物+cost+金钱
payfor固定短语
that/those可用于比较级结构中,为避免重复代指前文提到的同类事物,单数用that,复数用those.
all,any,none(数量≥3);both,either,neither(数量=2)
another,三者及以上的泛指;再,又,另another+数字=数字+more
other:
adj.其它的…theother:
两个中的另一个或特指其它的…
others,泛指,其他的某人或物相当于一个名词;theothers:
特指剩下的人或物。
固定搭配:
one…theother….some…others….一些…….另一些…….
something/everything/nothing/anything/everyone等复合不定代词:
①作主语时,谓语动词单数,如:
Everyoneishere.
②形容词修饰这些复合不定代词时放在他们的后面,如:
somethingimportantanyoneelse
辨析:
Whatdoesshelooklike?
与Whatisshelike?
及Whatisshe?
第一个侧重问外貌(高矮胖瘦),第二个侧重性格品质,第三个问的是职业=Whatdoesshedo?
典型例题:
1.—What’syourmathteacherlike?
--__________.
A.He’stwenty-sevenyearsoldB.Heworksinourschool
C.He’screativeandoutgoingD.Helikesphysicsandbiology
2.–WhatdoesMarylooklike?
--________.
A.She’swellB.She’stallC.She’sadoctorD.Shelikesdancing
四、动词
1.系动词+形容词/名词,作表语。
初中阶段常见系动词:
(1)be动词;
(2)感官动词:
look,sound,smell,taste,feel;(3)“变得”:
become,turn,get,grow,“保持”keep,stay,remain等keep/stayhealthy
2.情态动词:
情态动词表推测:
①must表推测,只能用在肯定句中,can表推测只能用于疑问句和否定句中,may表推测可用于肯定或否定,但是语气非常弱。
典型例题
1.Thesetwoboys_______twins.Theylookthesame.
A.canbeB.maybeC.mustbeD.wouldbe
2.–Lookattheoldladyinred.IsitMrs.Smith?
--No,it______beher.ShehasgonetoIndia.
A.canB.mustn’tC.can’tD.may
3.--IsthatMr.Brownthere?
--It______behim.I’mnotsure.
A.mayB.shallC.needD.must
②must的否定形式mustn’t表示的是禁止,不允许。
典型例题:
1.–You________cycleinthepark.Lookatthesign!
--Nobikes.
A.canB.can’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t
③must开头的问句的否定回答只能用needn’t/don’thaveto
典型例题:
1.–MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?
--No,you________.
A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.can’tD.shouldn’t
④must与haveto区别:
前者主观上认为必须,后者客观要求必须。
should与oughtto
shallI/we…?
和Willyou…?
wouldyouplease…?
表示请求或劝说
hadbetterdo/notdo
Whynot/Whydon’tyoudo
3.非谓语动词
常见几组短语辨析:
trytodosth./trydoingsth.
stoptodosth./stopdoingsth.
remembertodosth./rememberdoingsth.
forgettodosth./forgetdoingsth.
liketodo/doing
后+todo的动词:
encourage,allow,want,ask,tell,order,teachsb.todosth.
hopetodo/wishsb.todo
decidetodo=decideonsth.
agree/plan/offer/learntodosth.
allowsb.todosth./allowdoingsht.允许某人做某事
advisesb.todosth./suggestsb.doing建议某人做某事
后+doing的动词:
mind/enjoy/finish/practice/keep(on)/miss/avoid/feellike/giveup/doingsth.
使役动词:
make/let/havesb.dosth.
感官动词:
see/watch/hearsb.do/doingsth.
注:
被动语态还原to
典型例题:
1.FromthatdayonMarypracticed_______thepianoeveryday.
A.playsB.playingC.playedD.toplay
五、数词、形容词、副词和介词、连词
1.数词
基数词表示概数,不确切:
hundreds/thousands/millionsof
确数:
基数词+原形(hundred/thousand/million)
日期表达法:
月日在前年在后
年代表达法:
inthe1980s
钟点表达法:
分钟数≤30,分钟数+past+时钟数;
分钟数≥30,(60-分钟数)+to+(时钟数+1);
时钟数+分钟数
分数表达法:
基数词+序数词(基数>1,序数词加s)at+时间点:
Hecamehomeat7p.m.
年龄表达法:
Heisattheageof8/heis8yearsold/Heisaeight-year-oldboy.
inone’s+基数词复数:
在某人……多岁的时候
2.形容词副词的原级、比较级与最高级
①原级结构:
as…as/或notso/as…as
典型例题:
1.Thoughtheplayerisoverthirty,hecanstillrun________some
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