TPO 28阅读问题.docx
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TPO 28阅读问题.docx
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TPO28阅读问题
1.Inparagraph1,whydoestheauthormention"thepressureoftheoverlyingrock"?
⏹ToshowhowwatercanbeforceddeepunderEarth'ssurface.
⏹Toshowwhygroundwaterismoreplentifulthansurfacefreshwater.
⏹Tocorrectacommonlymadeerroraboutthelocationofgroundwater.
⏹ToexplainwhymostgroundwaterliesnearEarth'ssurface.
2.Accordingtoparagraph1,groundwaterdiffersfromthewaterinriversandlakesintermsofits
⏹potability
⏹usefulness
⏹abundance
⏹cost
3.Theword"extracted"inthepassageisclosestinmeaning
⏹Used
⏹Poured
⏹Removed
⏹Keptout
4.Theword"termed"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
⏹Considered
⏹Called
⏹limitedto
⏹causedby
5.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatdoesporositydetermine?
⏹Therateatwhichtheaquifer'swaterovercomesresistancetoflow
⏹Theamountofwaterthattheaquifercanhold
⏹Thelikelihoodthatfracturesandjointswilloccurintheaquifer
⏹Thedepthundergroundatwhichtheaquiferlies
6.Theword"compact"inthepassageisclosestinmeaning
⏹Hard
⏹Compressed
⏹Heavy
⏹Deeplyburied
7.Accordingtoparagraph3,whencanigneousrockseiveasanaquifer?
⏹Whenithasmanyconnectedfractures
⏹Whenitliesnexttometamorphicrock
⏹Whenitliesrelativelynearthesurface
⏹Whenitiscrystalline
8.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatistherelationshipbetweenpermeabilityandporosity?
⏹Themoreporesarockhas,thehigheritsporositybuttheloweritspermeability
⏹Rockswithmanyinternalspacesthatarenotconnectedwitheachotherwillhavehighporositybutlowpermeability.
⏹Ifwaterflowsthrougharockeasily,ithashighpermeabilitybutlowporosity.
⏹Rocksthathavehighpermeabilityhavehighporosityandviceversa.
9.Theword"coating"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
⏹Stream
⏹Barrier
⏹Amount
⏹Layer
10.Paragraph4implieswhichofthefollowingabouttherootsofplants?
⏹Theypreventwaterfromreachingthevadosezone.
⏹Theymarktheboundarybetweenthevadosezoneandthewatertable.
⏹heydonottypicallygettheirwaterfromthewatertable.
⏹Theyhelpkeepthewatertablefromdroppingfarther.
11.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.
⏹Groundwateronlyflowsoutofthegroundifthewatertableintersectsthelandsurface.
⏹Ifthelandsurfaceandthewatertableintersect,groundwatercanflowunderground.
⏹Groundwatermaybedrainedifspringsoccurwherethewatertableintersectsthelandsurface.
⏹Wherethewatertablemeetsthelandsurface,groundwaterflowsoutthroughsurfacesprings.
12.Paragraph5implieswhichofthefollowingaboutthelevelofthewater
⏹Itmayriseorfallfromyeartoyear,dependingonannualrainfall.
⏹Itdoesnotvaryinaridregions.
⏹Itrarelyintersectsthelandsurfaceofmostregions.
⏹Itisunrelatedtotherateatwhichgroundwaterflows.
13.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecanbeaddedtothepassage.
Thisisaconsequenceoftheslowrateofmovementofthegroundwater,whichoftenpreventsthewatertablefromattainingaflat(horizontal)level.
Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?
⏹1
⏹2
⏹3
⏹4
14.Directions:
Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.
Mostoftheworld'spotablewaterisstoredasgroundwaterintheporesandfracturesofundergroundrock,muchofitatdepthsoflessthan1,000meters.
A.Sedimentaryrockmaymakepooraquifersbecauseoftightlycompactedsediment,whichreducesporosityandpermeability.
B.Groundwaterreservoirsarecharacterizedbytheporosityandpermeabilityoftherockinwhichtheylie,andthesefactorsvaryaccordingtothetypeofrock.
C.Porosityisameasureoftheemptyspacewithinrock,whilepermeabilitymeasuresthedegreetowhichwatercanflowfreelythroughrock.
D.Thevadosezoneistypicallydrybecausewaterdoesnotstayinit,butinsteadpercolatesdowntoaquifersbelowordrainsoutthroughspringsandstreams.
E.Inaridregions,thewatertablesremainataconstantlevelfarbelowthesurface,preventingstream-bedsfromfillingupevenduringwetyears.
F.Althoughthewatertableusuallyfollowsthecontoursofthelandsurface,itslevelmayvaryfromyeartoyearandmayintersectthesurfaceinplaces.
1.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatwastrueoftheSahararegionaround6000B.C.?
⏹Muchlessofitwasdesertthanisnowthecase.
⏹Mostareasthatarenowgrasslandwerecoveredbyshallowlakes.
⏹Ithadjustundergoneamajorclimaticchange.
⏹Wildoxenandantelopeslivedinseparatepartsoftheregion.
2.Theword"albeit"inthepassageisclosestinmeaning
⏹Usually
⏹Almost
⏹Though
⏹Rather
3.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingistrueofallaridregions?
⏹Theyincludeatleastsomefreshwaterlakes.
⏹Theyhavesimilardistributionsofplantsandanimals.
⏹Theyaregreatlyaffectedbychangesintheamountofraintheyreceive.
⏹Theyhavefrequentdroughtsthatmakeitdifficulttomanagethewildresources.
4.Paragraph2supportswhichofthefollowingideasaboutwildoxenintheSahararegionafterthedroughttookhold?
⏹Theytraveledinsmallerherds.
⏹Theywereharderforhunterstocapture.
⏹Theytendedtobesignificantlysmallerinsize.
⏹Theymovedalonglesspredictableroutes.
5.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatwasitthatbroughtcattleandhumansintocloseassociation?
⏹Thedevelopmentofsmallerbreedingunitswithinherds
⏹Cattleandhumansstayingclosetopermanentwatersuppliesforlongperiodsoftime
⏹Thedevelopmentofgreaterdisciplineamongcattle
⏹Cattleandhumansconstantlyonthemovesearchingforfoodandreliablewatersupplies
6.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"rockpaintingsdeepintheSahara"?
⏹Tohelpexplainwhythehunterswantedtocontroltheherds
⏹Toprovidesupportfortheideathattheherderssoongainedgeneticcontrolofthecattle
⏹Toshowthattheherdershadartisticaswellaspracticalabilities
⏹Toarguethattheherderssoonbegantovaluetheircattleformorethanfood
7.Accordingtoparagraph3,allofthefollowingstatementsweretrueofnewlydomesticatedanimalsEXCEPT:
⏹Theywerecontrolledmoreeasilybythefarmers.
⏹Theyproducedalargernumberofoffspring.
⏹Theyproducedmoremilk.
⏹Theywerelargerinsize.
8.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.
⏹Regardlessofwherethefirsttamedherdscamefrom,peopletriedtocontrolthembylivinginjuxtapositionwiththem.
⏹Regardlessofwherethefirsttamedherdscamefrom,theyresultedfromthesameprocessofjuxtapositionandcontrolbypeoplewhounderstoodthebehaviorofwildcattle.
⏹Peoplewhohadanintimateknowledgeofthebehaviorofwildcattlemovedclosertogethertocooperateintamingtheherd,regardlessofwheretheyfoundthem.
⏹TheprocessoftamingherdswascertainlythesameinSouthwestAsia,northernAfrica,andEuropebecausepeopleknewalotaboutthebehaviorofwildcattle,regardlessofwheretheylived.
9.Accordingtoparagraph5,eachofthefollowingwastrueabouttheearlySaharanpeopleEXCEPT:
⏹Theyhadfewpossessionsapartfromcattle.
⏹Afterabout5000B.C.,theylivedprimarilyincavesthatwerelocateddeepinthedesert.
⏹Betweenthesummerandwinterseasons,theymovedtheirherdsoverlongdistances.
⏹Theypaintedanimalsandscenesofdailylifeonthewallsofcaves.
10.Theword"endeavors"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
⏹methods
⏹styles
⏹scenes
⏹efforts
11.Theword"deteriorated"inthepassageisclosestinmeaning
⏹becameunstable
⏹causedhardship
⏹changedcompletely
⏹gotworse
12.Accordingtoparagraph6,whatallowedtheherderstoshiftsouthintothesavannaregionsafterabout3500B.C.?
⏹TheycouldeasilygrowMediterraneancropsinthoseregions.
⏹Theycouldmoreeasilydomesticatesorghumandmilletinthoseregions.
⏹Thetsetseflywasnolongeraprobleminthoseregions.
⏹Theriversystemsinthoseregionsprovidedreliablesourcesofwaterinthesummer.
13.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.
Thisknowledgeenabledthehunterstoadoptadifferentapproachtohunting.
Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?
Clickonasquaretoaddthesentencetothepassage.
⏹1
⏹2
⏹3
⏹4
14.Asrecentlyas6000B.C.,muchoftheSahararegionwassemiaridgrasslandwherehumanshuntedwildoxenandantelope.
A.TherewasenoughfreshwaterforSaharanpeoplestomovefreelythroughouttheregionwithouthavingtomanagetheresourcestheyhuntedandgathered.
B.Whenthedryingclimateforcedcattleandhumansclosetoeachotherinareaswithwatersupplies,humansgainedcontroloverthecattleandeventuallydomesticatedthem.
C.OnceSaharanscontrolledthebreedingoftheircattle,thecharacteristicsofthecattlechangedrapidly,increasingtheirreproductiveratesandmilkproduction.
D.Herderssoonbeganselectingbreedinganimalstoproduceoffspringwithdifferenthornshapesandhidecolors,althoughtheadvantagesofcontrolle
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